• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Diagram Venn frekuensi prilaku penggunaan kelambu responden (a)

berinsektisida tersebut?

Olyset Permanet Lainnya ... ... 3 Dari mana kelambu yang dipakai diperoleh? Puskesmas

Pustu Bidan Posyandu Lainnya,... 4 Apakah anak ini tidur menggunakan kelambu

berinsektisida? Ya Kadang-kadang Tidak Tidak tahu 6 5 Kapankah anak ini mulai memakai kelambu

tersebut? (langsung ke 7)

< 1 bulan yang lalu 1 – 3 bulan yang lalu >3 bulan yang lalu 6 Jika anak tidak tidur memakai kelambu

berinsektisida, apa alasannya?

Takut insektisida yang ada di kelambu Panas

Telah menggunakan alat proteksi nyamuk lain

Sulit memasangnya Lainnya ... 7 Sejak kelambu digunakan, pernahkah

kelambu tersebut dicuci?

Ya

Tidak pernah Tidak tahu

11 8 Jika ya, apakah kelambu dicuci secara rutin? Ya

Tidak Tidak tahu

10 9 Bagaimana jadwal pencuciannya? >1x dlm 3 bulan

1x dalam 3 bulan 1 x dalam >3 – 6 bulan 1 x dalam waktu >6 bulan 10 Kapan kelambu yang digunakan terakhir

dicuci?

(langsung ke 12)

< 1 bulan yang lalu 1 – 3 bulan yang lalu >3 bulan yang lalu Tidak pernah 11 Jika kelambu tidak pernah dicuci, apa

alasannya?

Takut insektisida di kelambu hilang

Takut meracuni ikan/makhluk lain di kolam/perairan umum

Tidak tahu Lupa

Tidak sempat/enggan

Lainnya... 12 Apakah dilakukan pemanasan (heat

regeneration: yaitu memasukkannya ke dalam plastik hitam dan menjemurnya di panas mata hari) terhadap kelambu setelah dicuci? Ya Kadang-kadang Tidak pernah Tidak tahu 15 13 Jika ya, apakah dilakukan secara rutin pada

setiap mencuci kelambu?

Ya Tidak Tidak tahu

14 Kapankah waktu terakhir kali dilakukan pemanasan (heat regeneration) terhadap kelambu yang digunakan?

(langsung ke 17)

< 1 bulan yang lalu 1 – 3 bulan yang lalu >3 bulan yang lalu Tidak pernah 15 Jika tidak pernah melakukan pemanasan

terhadap kelambu setelah dicuci, apa alasannya? (langsung ke 17) Tidak praktis Tidak tahu Tidak mau/enggan Lainnya……… 16 (Khusus untuk yang tidak memiliki

kelambu berinsektisida)

Mengapa anak ini tidak memiliki kelambu berinsektisida?

Diberikan kepada orang lain

Tidak memperolehnya, baik dari puskesmas, bidan maupun posyandu

Sudah rusak

Lain-lain, sebutkan...

17 Apakah dilakukan penyemprotan pada rumah dan lingkungan anda dalam kurun maksimal 1 tahun ini? Ya Tidak Tidak tahu 20 18 Berapa bulan yang lalu penyemprotan

dinding rumah terakhir dilakukan? ... bulan yang lalu 19 Siapa yang melakukan penyemprotan? Pemerintah (Dinas Kesehatan)

Perusahaan swasta LSM Swadaya masyarakat Anggota keluarga Lainnya, ... Tidak tahu

20 Sebutkan alat pencegah nyamuk lain selain kelambu yang anda gunakan

Anti nyamuk bakar Insektisida aerosol Anti nyamuk elektrik Insektisida lotion

Lainnya,...

Tidak ada  22 21 Apakah anda menggunakannya secara rutin

setiap malam?

Ya Tidak Tidak tahu 22 Bagaimana kondisi geografis lokasi tempat

tinggalnya?

Daerah pegunungan Daerah pantai Daerah rawa

Daerah dataran rendah Lainnya,... 23 Apakah di sekitar rumah terdapat:

Tambang/bekas tambang Sawah Kebun Kolam Semak-semak Kandang Ya Tdk Tambang/bekas tambang 1 2 Sawah 1 2 Kebun 1 2 Kolam/kolam mata air 1 2 Semak-semak 1 2 Kandang 1 2 24 Luas rumah:

...m2 25 Bahan dinding rumah: Tembok

Papan Bilik bambu Batu

Dilapisi wall paper Lainnya ... 26 Warna cat dinding rumah Warna gelap

Warna terang Bermotif/bergambar Tidak dicat

27 Apakah ventilasi rumah dilengkapi kasa nyamuk?

Ya Tidak 28 Apakah anak ini pernah menginap di tempat

lain dalam kurun maksimum 1 bulan yang lalu?

Ya Tidak 29 Jika ya, sebutkan nama tempat yang

dikunjungi ...

Pertanyaan no. 30 s.d. 31 untuk anak yang positif malaria:

30 Apakah jenis plasmodiumnya: Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium ovale

Mix Lainnya 31 Obat yang diberikan dan dosisnya pada saat

terserang malaria ... . ... . ... .

32 Menurut anda apa yang menyebabkan malaria?

Gigitan nyamuk malaria Gigitan nyamuk Tidak tahu 33 Kapan nyamuk malaria berkeliaran dan

menggigit manusia?

Malam hari Sepanjang hari Siang hari Tidak tahu

34 Dimana nyamuk malaria berkembang biak? Pada air yang menggenang Di kebun/semak-semak/hutan Tidak tahu

35 Apa yang anda lakukan untuk mencegah malaria?

Menggunakan kelambu

Menggunakan alat proteksi nyamuk lain selain kelambu (obat anti nyamuk bakar, aerosol, dll)

Memasang kipas angin Tidak melakukan apa-apa

Ya Tdk

Menggunakan kelambu 1 2 Menggunakan alat proteksi nyamuk lain selain kelambu 1 2

Memasang kipas angin 1 2 Tidak melakukan apa-apa 1 2 36 Menurut anda, apa kegunaan memakai

kelambu berinsektisida:

Mencegah kontak dengan nyamuk, kutu atau serangga lainnya

Insektisidanya dapat membunuh nyamuk, kutu atau serangga lainnya

Tidak tahu

Mencegah kontak dengan nyamuk, kutu atau serangga lainnya

Insektisidanya dapat membunuh nyamuk, kutu atau serangga lainnya Tidak tahu

Ya 1 1 1 37 Apakah kegunaan pemanasan (heat

regeneration) setelah mencuci kelambu? Mengaktifkan kembali insektisida yang terkandung di dalam benang kelambu

Tidak tahu

Mengaktifkan kembali insektisida yang terkandung di dalam benang kelambu Tidak tahu

Ya 1 1

Lampiran 3 Program SAS untuk Analisis Data Survey Penggunaan Kelambu

I.

NET USE SURVEY

/***************************************************************** * Program: netuse.sas

* Author: * Purpose: *

* Inputs: Excel File: E:\NCSU\NETUSE\netsurvey111309 * * Created: Nov 13, 2009 * Revisions I: Dec 21, 2009 *****************************************************************/ * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ; *23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 7890123456789;

OPTIONS MACROGEN SYMBOLGEN NODATE; LIBNAME netuse "E:\NCSU\NETUSE\"; %LET netuse = E:\NCSU\NETUSE\;

%MACRO getdata(dataset,sheet,name); PROC IMPORT DATAFILE = "&netuse.&dataset..xls" OUT = &name DBMS = EXCEL REPLACE; SHEET = "&sheet"; GETNAMES=YES; RUN; PROC CONTENTS; RUN; %MEND getdata;

%getdata(netsurvey111309,analysisfinal, survey);

PROC GENMOD DATA=survey DESCENDING;

CLASS ID Prev time;

MODEL UseNetWhenSleep=treat prev time/dist=bin link=logit; REPEATED SUBJECT=ID/TYPE=EXCH;

RUN;

PROC GENMOD DATA=survey DESCENDING;

CLASS ID Prev time;

MODEL NetWashed=treat prev time/dist=bin link=logit; REPEATED SUBJECT=ID/TYPE=EXCH;

RUN;

PROC GENMOD DATA=survey DESCENDING;

CLASS ID Prev time;

MODEL RoutineWashed=treat prev time/dist=bin link=logit; REPEATED SUBJECT=ID/TYPE=EXCH;

RUN;

PROC SORT DATA=survey; BY ID NumNets;

RUN;

SET survey; BY ID NumNets;

RETAIN UseCnt WashCnt RwashCnt HeatCnt RheatCnt; IF FIRST.ID THEN DO;

UseCnt=0; WashCnt=0; RwashCnt=0; HeatCnt=0; RheatCnt=0; END;

IF UseNetWhenSleep=1 THEN UseCnt + 1; IF NetWashed=1 THEN WashCnt + 1; IF RoutineWashed=1 THEN RwashCnt + 1; IF Heated=1 THEN HeatCnt + 1;

IF RoutineHeated=1 THEN RheatCnt + 1; IF Last.ID;

*KEEP ID UseCnt WashCnt RwashCnt; LABEL

UseCnt="# Nets used in household"

WashCnt="# Used nets that are washed in Household" RwashCnt="# Used nets that are washed routine in Household"

HeatCnt="# Used nets that are heated in Household" RheatCnt="# Used nets that are washed routine in Household"

;

RUN;

PROC EXPORT DATA=BednetSum

OUTFILE="E:\NCSU\NETUSE\bednet" DBMS=EXCEL;

RUN;

Lampiran 4 Program SAS untuk Analisis Data Tingkat Insidensi Malaria

II. MALARIA INCIDENCE RATE

/***************************************************************** * Program: Malaria Incidence2.sas

* Author: Etih Sudarnika

* Purpose: Evaluate malaria incidence rates in an Olyset

* studyfrom Bangka,Indonesia. Cases were detected from

* logbooks of persons presenting with malaria at the

* local health centers. There were 11 sub- district

* in the study, 6 intervention and 5 control areas.

* Intervention areas encourage households to regenerate

* olyset nets whereas control areas did not. *

* Inputs: Excel datafile with 1 record per case. Variables of

* interest:

* PKMID:Health Center

* Treatment: group 1=treatment 0=control

* Months: month ill

* sex_code: 0=Male 1=Female

* CUF: 1=age <= 5 years 0= age >5 *

* Excel worksheet with census data for the * subdistricts. * * * Created: Nov 18, 2009 * Revisions I: Nov 19, 2009 * Revision II: Jan 11, 2010

*****************************************************************/ * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ;

*23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 7890123456;

OPTIONS MACROGEN SYMBOLGEN NODATE; LIBNAME net "E:\NCSU\MONITORING\"; %LET net = E:\NCSU\MONITORING\;

%MACRO getdata(dataset,sheet,name); PROC IMPORT DATAFILE = "&net.&dataset..xls" OUT = &name DBMS = EXCEL REPLACE; SHEET = "&sheet";

GETNAMES=YES; RUN;

PROC CONTENTS; RUN;

%MEND getdata;

%getdata(Incidence,ForSAS, cases);

%getdata(Census data,Sheet1, census);

PROC FORMAT; VALUE treat 1="treatment" 0="control" ; VALUE months 6="6/2007" 7="7/2007" 8="8/2007" 9="9/2007" 10="10/2007" 11="11/2007" 12="12/2007" 13="1/2008" 14="2/2008" 15="3/2008" 16="4/2008" 17="5/2008" 18="6/2008" 19="7/2008" ; VALUE pkm 1="Sungai Liat" 2="Sinar Baru" 3="Bakam" 4="Petaling" 5="Puding Besar" 6="Gunung Muda" 7="Pemali" 8="Belinyu" 9="Riau Silip" 10="Batu Rusa" 11="Kenanga" ; VALUE sex 0="Male" 1="Female" ; VALUE vector 1="Pv" 2="Pf" 3="mix" ; VALUE prev 1="Low" 2="Medium" 3="High" ; RUN;

DATA cases2;

FORMAT month2 months. treatment treat. pkmid pkm. pkm $15.

sex_code sex. plasmodium vector. prevalence prev.; SET cases;

IF pkmid=1 THEN pkm="Sungai Liat"; IF pkmid=2 THEN pkm="Sinar Baru"; IF pkmid=3 THEN pkm="Bakam"; IF pkmid=4 THEN pkm="Petaling"; IF pkmid=5 THEN pkm="Puding Besar"; IF pkmid=6 THEN pkm="Gunung Muda"; IF pkmid=7 THEN pkm="Pemali"; IF pkmid=8 THEN pkm="Belinyu"; IF pkmid=9 THEN pkm="Riau Silip"; IF pkmid=10 THEN pkm="Batu Rusa"; IF pkmid=11 THEN pkm="Kenanga";

RUN;

DATA census;

FORMAT pkm $15.;

SET census(RENAME=(F1=PKM CU5=Popkids));

RUN;

PROC SORT DATA=cases2; BY PKM;

RUN;

PROC SORT DATA=census; BY PKM;

RUN;

DATA incidence;

MERGE cases2 census; BY PKM;

IF num=375 THEN sex_code=1; TotPopB=.;

IF treatment=0 THEN TotpopB=15927; ELSE IF treatment=1 THEN TotPopB=14306; DROP num date test F5 F6 F7;

RUN;

DATA kids; SET incidence;

IF CUF=0 THEN DELETE; Logpop=log(popkids);

format month_code months.;

RUN;

PROC SORT DATA=kids; BY month_code;

RUN;

PROC MEANS DATA=kids NWAY NOPRINT n mean;

CLASS pkmid month_code treatment prevalence; id popkids logpop;

var age;

OUTPUT OUT=count(drop=_type_ _freq_) n=n sum=total mean=average;

RUN;

PROC EXPORT DATA=count

OUTFILE="E:\NCSU\MONITORING\count2" DBMS=EXCEL;

RUN;

%getdata(count3,COUNT, count2);

PROC PRINT DATA=count2 (obs=20);

RUN;

Title "MALARIA INCIDENCE WITHOUT AGE VARIABLE";

PROC GENMOD DATA=count2;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code;

MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code/dist=poisson link = log offset = logpop

scale = pearson;

RUN;

Title "MALARIA INCIDENCE WITH AGE VARIABLE";

PROC GENMOD DATA=count2;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code; MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code

average_age/dist=poisson

link = log offset = logpop

scale = pearson;

RUN;

%getdata(count3-SB,COUNT, countsb);

Title "MALARIA INCIDENCE DATA EXLUDE SINAR BARU HEALTH CENTER";

PROC PRINT DATA=countsb (obs=20);

RUN;

Title "MALARIA INCIDENCE WITHOUT AGE VARIABLE (EXLUDE SINAR BARU HEALTH CENTER)";

PROC GENMOD DATA=countsb;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code;

MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code/dist=poisson link = log offset = logpop

scale = pearson;

RUN;

Title "MALARIA INCIDENCE WITH AGE VARIABLE (EXLUDE SINAR BARU HEALTH CENTER)";

PROC GENMOD DATA=countsb;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code; MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code

average_age/dist=poisson

link = log offset = logpop

scale = pearson;

RUN;

Title "GEE MALARIA INCIDENCE WITHOUT AGE VARIABLE";

PROC GENMOD DATA=count2;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code PKMID; MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code/dist=poisson link = log offset = logpop

scale = pearson; REPEATED SUBJECT=PKMID/TYPE=EXCH;

RUN;

Title "GEE MALARIA INCIDENCE WITH AGE VARIABLE";

PROC GENMOD DATA=count2;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code PKMID; MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code

average_age/dist=poisson

link = log offset = logpop

REPEATED SUBJECT=PKMID/TYPE=EXCH;

RUN;

%getdata(count3-SB,COUNT, countsb);

Title "GEE MALARIA INCIDENCE DATA EXLUDE SINAR BARU HEALTH CENTER";

PROC PRINT DATA=countsb (obs=20);

RUN;

Title "GEE MALARIA INCIDENCE WITHOUT AGE VARIABLE (EXLUDE SINAR BARU HEALTH CENTER)";

PROC GENMOD DATA=countsb;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code PKMID; MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code/dist=poisson link = log offset = logpop

scale = pearson; REPEATED SUBJECT=PKMID/TYPE=EXCH;

RUN;

Title "GEE MALARIA INCIDENCE WITH AGE VARIABLE (EXLUDE SINAR BARU HEALTH CENTER)";

PROC GENMOD DATA=countsb;

CLASS treatment(ref="1") Prevalence month_code PKMID; MODEL n=treatment prevalence month_code

average_age/dist=poisson link = log offset = logpop scale = pearson; REPEATED SUBJECT=PKMID/TYPE=EXCH; RUN;

Lampiran 5 Program SAS untuk Analisis Data Kajian Kasus Kontrol Berpadanan

III. MATCHED CASE CONTROL STUDY

/***************************************************************** **************

* Program: caco.sas

* Author: Etih Sudarnika *

* Inputs: Excel datafile *

*

* Created: Dec 1, 2009

* Revisions I Dec 8, 2009 * Revisions II Dec 9, 2009 * Revision III Dec 10, 2009 * Revision IV Dec 13, 2009 ****************************************************************** *************/ * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ; *23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 7890123456789;

OPTIONS MACROGEN SYMBOLGEN NODATE; LIBNAME cone "E:\NCSU\CASE CONTROL\"; %LET cone = E:\NCSU\CASE CONTROL\;

%MACRO getdata(dataset,sheet,name); PROC IMPORT DATAFILE = "&cone.&dataset..xls" OUT = &name DBMS = EXCEL REPLACE; SHEET = "&sheet"; GETNAMES=YES; RUN; PROC CONTENTS; RUN; %MEND getdata;

%getdata(CACO,cases, cases);

%getdata(CACO,control, control);

PROC FORMAT; VALUE pkm 1="Sungai Liat" 2="Sinar Baru" 3="Bakam" 4="Petaling" 5="Puding Besar" 6="Gunung Muda" 7="Pemali" 8="Belinyu" 9="Riau Silip" 10="Batu Rusa" 11="Kenanga" ;

VALUE yes 1="yes" 0="no" ; VALUE case 1="cases" 0="control" ; VALUE net 1="1=Not use" 2="2=Not washed" 3="3=Not heated"

4="4=Some time heated" 5="5=Routine heated" ; VALUE netnew 0="otherwise" 1="Routine heated" ; VALUE netheat 1="1=otherwise" 2="2=heated" 3="3=Routine heated" ; VALUE heating 0="otherwise"

1="Heated & Routine heated" ; RUN; DATA cases1; SET cases; match= _n_ ; case=1; RUN; DATA control1; SET control; match = ceil(_n_/2); case=0; DATA main;

SET cases1 control1;

RUN;

DATA main2; SET main;

IF havenets=0 or usenetwhensleep=0 then net=1;

ELSE IF usenetwhensleep=1 and netwashed=0 then net=2;

ELSE IF usenetwhensleep=1 and netwashed=1 and heating=0 then net=3;

ELSE IF usenetwhensleep=1 and netwashed=1 and heating=1 and routineheated=0 then net=4;

ELSE IF usenetwhensleep=1 and netwashed=1 and heating=1 and routineheated=1 then net=5;

DATA main3; SET main2;

FORMAT usenetwhensleep yes. netwashed yes. routinewashed yes. heating yes. routineheated yes.

PKMID pkm. IRS yes. coil yes. aerosol yes. electric yes. lotion yes. nothing yes. tinmining yes.

ricefield yes. garden yes. pond yes. bush yes. cages yes. ventilationnet yes. case case. net net.;

RUN;

TITLE "MATCHED CASE CONTROL DATA I (FIVE CATEGORIES)";

PROC PRINT DATA=main3 (OBS=10);

RUN; PROC FREQ; TABLES match*case*havenets/CHISQ CMH; RUN; PROC LOGISTIC; MODEL case=havenets; strata match; RUN; PROC FREQ; TABLES match*case*usenetwhensleep/CHISQ CMH; RUN; PROC LOGISTIC; MODEL case=usenetwhensleep; strata match; RUN; PROC FREQ; TABLES match*case*netwashed/CHISQ CMH; RUN; PROC LOGISTIC; MODEL case=netwashed; strata match; RUN; PROC FREQ; TABLES match*case*routinewashed/CHISQ CMH; RUN; PROC LOGISTIC; MODEL case=routinewashed; strata match; RUN; PROC FREQ; TABLES match*case*heating/CHISQ CMH; RUN; PROC LOGISTIC; MODEL case=heating; strata match; RUN; PROC FREQ; TABLES match*case*routineheated/CHISQ CMH; RUN; PROC LOGISTIC; MODEL case=routineheated; strata match; RUN; PROC FREQ; TABLES match*case*net/CHISQ CMH; RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main3;

CLASS net(ref='5=Routine heated'); strata match;

MODEL case=net;

CONTRAST '3 vs 4' net 0 0 1 -1/ESTIMATE=EXP; CONTRAST '3 vs 5' net 1 1 2 1/ESTIMATE=EXP;

CONTRAST '3&4 vs 5' net 1 1 1.5 1.5/ESTIMATE=EXP;

CONTRAST '1&2&3 vs 4' net 0.33 0.33 0.33 -1/ESTIMATE=EXP; CONTRAST '1&2&3 vs 5' net 1.33 1.33 1.33 1/ESTIMATE=EXP;

CONTRAST '1&2&3&4 vs 5' net 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25/ESTIMATE=EXP;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main3;

CLASS net(ref='5=Routine heated') IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall(ref='1');

strata match;

MODEL case=net IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall;

RUN;

DATA main4; SET main3;

IF net=1 or net=2 or net=3 or net=4 then netnew=0; ELSE IF net=5 then netnew=1;

FORMAT netnew netnew.;

RUN;

TITLE "MATCHED CASE CONTROL DATA II (1=ROUTINE HEATED, 0=OTHERWISE)";

PROC PRINT DATA=main4 (OBS=10);

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main4;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated'); strata match;

MODEL case=netnew;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main4;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated') IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall(ref='1');

strata match;

MODEL case=netnew IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main4;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated') IRS coil electric housewall(ref='1');

strata match;

MODEL case=netnew IRS coil electric housewall;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main4;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated') IRS housewall(ref='1'); strata match;

MODEL case=netnew IRS housewall;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main4;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated') IRS; strata match;

MODEL case=netnew IRS;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main4;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated')housewall(ref='1'); strata match;

MODEL case=netnew housewall;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main4;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated')coil; strata match;

MODEL case=netnew coil;

RUN;

CLASS netnew(ref='Routine heated')electric; strata match;

MODEL case=netnew electric;

RUN;

DATA main5; SET main3;

IF net=1 or net=2 or net=3 then netnew2=1; ELSE IF net=4 then netnew2=2;

ELSE IF net=5 then netnew2=3; FORMAT netnew2 netheat.;

RUN;

TITLE "MATCHED CASE CONTROL DATA III (1=OTHERWISE, 2=HEATED, 3=ROUTINE HEATED)";

PROC PRINT DATA=main5 (OBS=10);

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main5;

CLASS netnew2(ref='3=Routine heated'); strata match;

MODEL case=netnew2;

CONTRAST '1 vs 2' netnew2 1 -1/ESTIMATE=EXP; CONTRAST '1 vs 3' netnew2 2 1/ESTIMATE=EXP; CONTRAST '2 vs 3' netnew2 1 2/ESTIMATE=EXP; CONTRAST '1&2 vs 3' netnew2 3 3/ESTIMATE=EXP; CONTRAST '1 vs 2&3' netnew2 1.5 0/ESTIMATE=EXP;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main5;

CLASS netnew2(ref='3=Routine heated') IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall(ref='1');

strata match;

MODEL case=netnew2 IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall;

RUN;

DATA main6; SET main3;

IF net=1 or net=2 or net=3 then netnew3=0; ELSE IF net=4 or net=5 then netnew3=1; FORMAT netnew3 heating.;

RUN;

TITLE "MATCHED CASE CONTROL DATA IV (1=HEATED AND ROUTINE, 0=OTHERWISE)";

PROC PRINT DATA=main6 (OBS=10);

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main6;

CLASS netnew3(ref='Heated & Routine heated'); strata match;

MODEL case=netnew3;

RUN;

PROC LOGISTIC DATA=main6;

CLASS netnew3(ref='Heated & Routine heated')IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall(ref='1');

strata match;

MODEL case=netnew3 IRS coil aerosol electric tinmining ventilationnet housewall;

Lampiran 6 Paper publikasi I

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF LONG LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS TO PROTECT MALARIA IN BANGKA

DISTRICT, INDONESIA

Etih Sudarnika1, Mirnawati Sudarwanto1, Asep Saefuddin1, Umi Cahyaningsih1, Upik Kesumawati Hadi1, Rita Kusriastuti2, Jodi Vanden Eng3, Daowen Zhang4, William A. Hawley5

1

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia; 2Directorat of Zoonosis, General of Disease Control and Environment Health, Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;

3

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; 4Departement of Statistics, North Carolina State University; 5United Nations Children’s Fund, Jakarta, Indonesia

Correspondence mail to:

ph./fax.:+62-251-8628811 ABSTRACT

This research was done to determine the utilization, washing and heat assisted regeneration treatment of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Bangka District – Indonesia. Research was conducted in one year period from September 2007 to August 2008. Socialization and education of importance of LLINs utilization was maintained during the research period. LLINs utilization was periodically surveyed every 3 months. The result showed that amount of LLINs owned by people during the research period was increase, as well as the utilization, washing and heat assisted regeneration treatment. However the utilization rate in vulnerable group were still low. In general, utilization rate for children under five years old was ranging from 63.1% to 75.8%; for pregnant women were ranging from 36.0% to 53.6%. This research was part of supporting data for the main research entitled the Protective Efficacy of Olyset Nets in Bangka District. This research divided study area into two areas, namely treatment area (where the heat assisted regeneration on LLINs after washing was applied) and control area (where the heat assisted regeneration on LLINs after washing was not applied). General Estimating Equations (GEE) for binomial distribution showed no difference in utilization and washing rate for LLINs between treatment and control area.

Keywords: generalized estimating equations, heat assisted regeneration, Olyset, permethrin treated LLINs.

INTRODUCTION

Malaria is one of the health diseases problems in Indonesia in order to decrease the case retaliate to the international commitment in Millennium Development Goals (Hunt 2007). As one of the ratification country, Indonesia is doing work which already agreed in the commitment, including decreasing the malaria case rate (Stalker 2007).

Presumably about 45% of Indonesia people are living in malaria risk contagious area. Annual Malaria Incidence (AMI) in Indonesia in 2007 is 19.67% per 1000 people with Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 0.57%. Bangka Belitung Province is one of the malaria endemic areas in Indonesia, which have AMI of 29.3 per 1000 people (MoH RI 2008).

Some efforts have been done in avoiding malaria transmission. One way is minimizing the contact between human and mosquitoes as the malaria vector, with utilization of bed nets. Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) is an

effective way to avoid malaria since it act as a physical barrier to mosquitoes, the insecticide has toxic effects on mosquitoes and many insecticides such as permethrin have exito-repellent properties that affect the behavior of mosquitoes by reducing the rate of entry into houses and increasing the rate of early exit from houses (Mathenge et al. 2001). LLINs is bed nets contains insecticide either incorporated into or coated around fibres which resists multiple washes (al least 20) and whose biological activity for personal protection and/or vector control lasts as long as the life of the net itself (e.g. around 3 years for polyester nets, 5 years for polyethylene). There are two types of approved bed nets by WHO, namely Olyset® (made from polyethylene with permethrin incorporated) and PermaNet (made from polyester, surface treatet with deltamethrin insectide) (Guillet et al. 2001, Kulkarni 2006, Shaw 2006, Coticelli 2007). The consistency utilization of LLINs can reduce malaria transmission to 90% (Gimnig et al. 2003; ter Kuile 2003).

By 2006, UNICEF is cooperating with Department of Health Republic of Indonesia is introducing LLINs in Indonesia. In Bangka district about 60,000 LLINs already distributed to the people. Type of LLINs distributed is made from polyethylene with permethrin incorporated. Priority is given to pregnant women

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