‘Price’ was noted for being be one of the principal factors in influencing and determining holiday destination choice and the purchasing of tourism products (Weeden 2005a, b). However, it has been highlighted through the literature that the ‘feel good factor’ of being ethical and knowing that your destination choice conforms to ethical actions via its environmental, social and economic equity draws a certain type of tourist to different alternative tourism forms. This was also found in research carried out by Mehmetoglu (2007), who noted that the motivations of nature-focused tourists to Norway, enabled the authors to segment and place the tourists into three classifications; culture- and pleasure- orientated, nature-orientated and low-activity-orientated, determining an offering of different types of nature-based holiday activities.
3 Discussion
In Greece and Cyprus there are many area destinations eroded by low-quality tourism and essentially led to decadent tourism. These destinations are Malia in Crete, Faliraki in Rhodes, Laganas in Zakynthos, Kardamena in Kos, the Kavos in Corfu Corfu and Ayia Napa in Cyprus. An important role in Kavos and Faliraki is played by the so-called‘workers’, who, for this region, come from England. On most of the cases, those are British workers who often engage in a negotiation with the local bars so to get the best possible price on alcoholic drinks, even if those are not of the approved standards and quality. The result is that many young tourists are getting drunk and out of control, resulting into bar fights, violence and sex crimes.
According to Lytras and Papageorgiou (2014), this is a situation where often the tourist groups are getting out of control something which raises ethics issues for the tourist industry.
This brings a major ethical issue since it seems that despite of the disapproval of those practices from the local communities, still it seems that it is a practice widely accepted form the tourist industry. Hence, despite of the ethics which are promoted from the various organizations and from the industry, still it seems that the locals and the intermediaries do not care so much for ethics. Hence, it is reasonable to ask for the use of international tourist standards on ethics so to counter this type of situation in destinations such as: Kavos and Faliraki.
4 Conclusions
The World Tourism Organization is recognizing the significant effect of tourism on local communities, the environment and economy in general, introduced in 1999 the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, comprising 10 articles and designed to minimize potential negative impacts of tourism on destinations and host communities. It is a set of principles, which establish the basis for sustainable development of tourism
and addressed to all stakeholders (local and national authorities, local community of professionals, tourism industry, tourists), stressing the rights and obligations of each side. Moreover, a global community of researchers dealing with tourism has iden-tified the great influence of morality in the way that tourists choose the location of their holiday, but also in guiding their behaviour during their travels. Hence, it is important for the authorities on those areas and for the sake of the ethics of the local tourist industry. This is also a topic for a future research, which aims at exploring the views and positions of the people who are engaged on this type of tourism.
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in the Aftermath of Terrorist Attacks
Laura Annabel Peters and Alexis Papathanassis
1 Introduction
In a globally driven market with a large number of products, it is essential for suppliers to identify the needs and desires of potential customers. One main element of these needs and wishes is the psychological perspective. The more intangible a good is, the more important is the trust factor. Intangible goods, such as services in general and holidays in particular, cannot be tested in advance, so consumers need to trust the supplier, who is selling only a description of how the vacation might look like (Nepomuceno et al.2014).
In tourism, one main factors of holiday decision-making is the tourists’ safety and security perceptions. Perception can be influenced in many ways (Reisinger and Mavondo2005). One influencing factor is the occurrence of terrorist attacks; but there can be several other factors that contribute to a feeling of insecurity (Lepp and Gibson2003). In the following we aim at examining those factors and subsequently formulating tentative hypotheses for further research.
2 Research Method
First, a literature review was conducted to synthesise relevantfindings derived from former studies, while key themes and research gaps were identified. Due to the fact that the selected topic is rather complex and just experienced travellers, who were
L. A. Peters (*) · A. Papathanassis
Cruise Tourism Management, Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
A. Papathanassis et al. (eds.), Yellow Tourism, Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94664-1_5
83
already confronted with the issue of security, are able to give a usable and valid feedback, the qualitative research method was adopted.
The data collection method employed consists of conducting and coding data from semi-structured interviews of experienced travellers. The ultimate aim is the creation of a rich picture describing what could be valid for the main part of society.
The results of this study, may contribute to measuring the effectiveness of security measures, beyond the deterrence of terrorist attacks, as to include the dimension of instilling a feeling of safety and security for guests.
3 Literature Review 3.1 Introduction
Currently, new terrorist attacks around the globe are proliferating the news and media. Often these terrorist attacks take place at holiday destinations. One major reason for this, is the guaranteed international media coverage, given that the victims are mainly tourists from different places of the world (Paraskevas and Arendell 2007). The tourism sector is highly vulnerable to crises such as wars or terrorism.
Even if the tourism industry itself (e. g. hotels or tourist beaches) has not actually been a target of an attack, there is still an impact on the industry, especially at the destination that had been attacked (Kılıçlar et al.2017).