Gambar 5. 3. HC-sr04 ultrasonic module [3]
Prinsip dasar pengoperasian modul sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 adalah sebagai berikut: Pulsa pemicu 10μs dikirim ke modul.
Modul kemudian mengirimkan delapan sinyal gelombang persegi 40kHz ke target dan menyalakan pin echo.
Program memulai penghitung waktu.
Sinyal mengenai target dan bergema kembali ke modul. Ketika sinyal dikembalikan ke modul, pin echo akan mati. Timer dihentikan.
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BAB VI
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Pada sistem yang telah dibuat menggunakan Arduino atmega328p telah sesuai dengan sistem yang diharapkan, tetapi belum diimplementasikan pada sistem sesungguhnya. Dari hasil uji coba terdapat lagging sebanyak 10 detik. Hipotesis awal lagging tersebut disebabkan oleh kemampuan dari mikrokontroler yang digunakan. Untuk pembuktian tersebut diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Pada pemanfaatan serial komunikasi bluetooth hanya dapat terhubung dengan jarak kurang dari 10 meter oleh karena itu serial komunikasi dapat dikembangkan menjadi menggunakan internet agar memiliki jarak yang lebih jauh.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] [Online]. Available: http://www.batan.go.id/index.php/id/home/profil-batan.
[2] D. Norris, The Internet of things: do it yourself projects with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and BeagleBone Black, McGraw Hil, 2015.
[3] D. Ibrahim, ARM-Based Microcontroller Projects Using MBED, Oxford: Newnes, 2019. [4] J. A. Langbridge, Arduino Sketches: Tools and Techniques for Programming Wizardry,
Indianapolis: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
[5] M. Yener, Expert Android Studio, Indianapolis: John Wiley & Sons, 2016. [6] M. Banzi, Getting Started with Arduino, Sebastopol: Maker Media, 2015. [7] W. Stallings, Wireless Communication Networks and Systems, Pearson, 2016.
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Abstract—Mobile carrier radioactive source is a tool used
to carry out testing for radiation characteristics. The testing process is done both in statically and dynamically conditions to conduct calibration on Radiation Portal Monitor according to the requirements of SNI IEC 62244-2016. The control module is designed to meet the following requirements, it can set a carrier speed of at least 8 km/h, it can adjust the height of the radioactive source between 1 m and 2.5 m, it has automatic forward and backward direction mode. Furthermore, the mobile carrier can be controlled remotely for personnel tester safety. The control module can stop the mobile carrier suddenly when an emergency occurs. The mobile carrier uses a portable power supply so that it can move freely and easily shifted. To meet these requirements, the driving power of carrier a motor of 24-volt dc with 250 watts. The radioactive source uses a driving power of 12-volt dc motor with minimum lift power of 5 kg. The control module designed uses a microcontroller with an android application-based interface that is connected by wireless. In the android application there are virtual numbers and input buttons to give commands to the control module. The application can also receive carrier speed information and height of the radioactive source. To break the power of driving motor of carrier and the driving power of the lifter of radioactive source, the mobile carrier uses two level relays, namely low current conductivity relays and relays with high current conductivity. Next in order to move forward and backward automatically, at each end of carrier is equipped with a limit switch. The button and top position barriers on the radioactive source lifter use a limit switch.
Index Terms—Controller design, android application, and
wireless connection.
I. INTRODUCTION
ince 2014 Pusat Rekayasa Fasilitas Nuklir Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (PRFN BATAN) has started to develop a Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) device. Until 2019, three types of RPM have been produced, namely RMR-15 using type PVT gamma detector, currently installed in the Kawasan Nuklir (KN) Pasar Jumat. PMR-16 uses a NaI (TL).
NaI (Tl) is the most extensively used material. NaI (Tl) has a very high luminescence (scintillation) efficiency and is available in single crystal or polycrystalline forms in a wide variety of sizes and geometries [1].
Type gamma detector and a neutron detector, this type of
Tirta Jayadiharja is with the Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Pertamina, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12220, Indonesia (e-mail: [email protected]).
RPM is generally used for nuclear installation areas. The third type is RPM-PPTI with a cylindrical NaI (TL) gamma detector, RPM-PPTI is designed for use in the area of the sea and air ports. RPM-16 and RPM-PPTI are currently under testing for product certification based on SNI IEC 62244:2016 [2]. One of the tests included testing the characteristics of radiation. In testing process, the radiation characteristics required a device with the ability to move vertically and horizontally which represents the vehicle that passes through the monitor portal. The device name is mobile carrier of radioactive source. This paper will present the mobile carrier of radioactive source design.
Design of Controller Module of Mobile Carrier
Radioactive Source
Tirta Jayadiharja
Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Pertamina
S
Fig. 2. Indonesian PMR-16 and RPM PPTI. Fig. 1. Indonesian PMR-15.
2 II. METHODOLOGY
The design method of controller module uses the V-shaped method, shown in Figure 3.
III. RESULT
The mobile carrier of radioactive source is a device that can moved on vertical and horizontal axes. The vertical axis functions is used as the height position of the radioactive source to the detector. The horizontal axis functions is used as the distance position of the detector radioactive source. Visually shown in figure 4. The design requirement or specifications a mobile carrier of radioactive source based on SNI IEC 62244:2016 Standard. In the clausal 6.3.2 is about a method of testing gamma radiation detection, the radioactive source test must move through the top, middle, bottom, and center of lower and upper detection area [2].
The speed of horizontal horizontal movement must not exceed 8 km/h [3]. The Centre of processing module use microcontroller with analog output, digital input output and Bluetooth serial communication. Input control given by mobile phone with android application and connected to
controller module by wireless communication. The Direct Current (DC) motor driver will be controlled a speed of horizontal motor with variation input speed from microcontroller analog output. To change the direction of movement the motor, digital out from controller will be drive a low current relay module [4].
DC motor for horizontal movement and vertical horizontal movement that require a high power of DC current to connect the DC power source with high current relay module. The high current relay module controlled by
Fig. 7. Software flow chart of vertical moving of controller mobile carrier design.
Fig. 6. Software flow chart of horizontal moving of controller mobile carrier design.
Fig. 5. Hardware controller of mobile carrier design.
Fig. 4. Vertical and horizontal moving of mobile carrier design. Fig. 3. V-Shaped method design.
3 a low current relay module. The measuring a speed of
horizontal motor uses a proximity sensor to read pulses of wheel rotation. The pulses converted to speed parameter by controller. The measuring a height of radiation source by ultrasonic sensor [5].
A speed of horizontal movement and height of source can be set by set point input. To change auto direction of horizontal motor used forward and reverse limit switch. The vertical movement is protected by upper and lower limit switches. The change of position used vertical movements for upward or downward direction.
The hardware block diagram a controller of mobile carrier showed in figure 5. The device design of mobile carrier radioactive source can be moved. Therefore, a power source used 2 x 12-volt DC batteries by series arranged, so the obtain a 24-volt DC voltage as a power source for horizontal motors. The ability of the minimum battery current can travel a distance of 3 x 50 x 6 meters or equal to 900 meters. Horizontal motors have the power to pull or push the total load of a device weight ±60 Kg. To facilitate assembly between modules using the connector as a connector.
The microcontroller is programmed to carry out the speed and direction control commands of the horizontal motor. Determines the radiation source position of the vertical RPM motor detector direction. The program flow embedded in the microcontroller is shown in Figure 6, 7, and 8. The microcontroller command input obtained from the remote command by the mobile carrier application on the mobile phone or smart phone. Android-based application layout design shown in Figure 9.
IV. CONCLUSION
The mobile carrier radioactive source is a tool for test the radiation characteristics of the radiation portal monitor device with horizontal and vertical motion capability. The test can avoid exposure from the radiation source because the device can operate remotely. The design reference of a mobile carrier radioactive source from the IEC SNI 62244:2016 standard. The horizontal motor movement speed does not exceed 8 km per hour to meet these speeds in the design of dc motors can controlled speed. Other requirements, the position of the radioactive source can adjusted to 4 meters of height. The requirement design take a source-level motor that can adjusted for according to the set point value. The central control design used a programmed microcontroller that can communicate with mobile phone devices wirelessly. Mobile carrier radioactive source devices are designed to be installed in different conditions and locations, so the connecting cables are equipped with connectors and power resources using batteries.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank PRFN-BATAN for all laboratory facilities and workshops, the RPM PPTI Innovation Team and the funding of innovation incentives from the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (Kemenristekdikti).
REFERENCES
[1] Radiation Safety Section, “Detection of Radioactive Materials at Borders”, IAEA-TECDOC-1312, IAEA, September 2002.
[2] SNI IEC 62244:2016 “Instrumentasi proteksi radiasi - Monitor radiasi yang terpasang untuk deteksi bahan nuklir khusus dan radioaktif di perbatasan wilayah (IEC 62244:2006, IDT) “, BSN 2016.
[3] Paolo Gai , Giuseppe Lipari, Marco Di Natale, Nicola Serreli , Luigi Palopoli , Alberto Ferrari , “ Adding Timing Analysis to Functional Design to Predict Implementation Errors “, SAE International , 2007, DOI: 10.4271/2007-01-1272.
[4] Joko Triyanto, Dian Fitri Atmoko, Ahmad Rifai , “Perekayasaan Perangkat Lunak Portal Monitor Radiasi Dengan LabVIEW™”, Majalah Prima, Volume 11, Nomor 2, November 2014, 35-43. [5] Dian Fitri Atmoko, Erwin Nashrullah, Usep SG, Beni Syawaludin ,
“Rancang Bangun Modul Pencacah 16 Bit 3 Input Dengan Komunikasi Tcp/Ip Untuk Portal Monitor Radiasi PMR15”, Majalah Prima, Volume 12, Nomor 2, November 2015, 29-37.
Fig. 9. Design layout of mobile phone user interface of mobile carrier Fig. 8. Software flow chart of horizontal motor speed control