B. Motivasi Saemaul Undong
II. Discussion
2.2 Human Capital and Social Capital in Multicultural Education
Human capital is defined as personal ability or mastery (to borrow a phrase Petter Sange: Personal Mastery) man with all the benefits such as education, science, health, skills and other relevant circumstances will be complete when referred with social capital. In this part, social capital is meant the existence of the trust, steady norms, community participation and others.
Two dimensions that can not be separated from one another will be started from how should an educator, a leader doing improvement to the students, so that it becomes a personal multicultural. Personal abilities as an educator in this case is very indispensable. The basic requirement of the professional education is the scientific competence in their respective fields with dignity.
Educators with certified qualification is expected to be an educators who are capable to be exemplified by the students and the environment. In the eyes of human capital, then educators who have extensive knowledge (meaning open mind) always filling themselves with the knowledge (multidisciplinary) which automatically can not be avoided.
Within the framework of “Multicultural Education”
Professional Educators and Education labor can no longer simply read their course readings by way of “tunnel vision”, as it will look at the truth only from the side of himself.3 In the eyes of this multicultural education has been very out of line again. A different viewpoint, the truth of which is outside the “faith” that is in us ought to be recognized.
On the side of social capital, that educators should have an understanding of what is referred to as part of the “collective consciousness” why living together and respect each other is
3 The appropriate sentence in this case is known as apologetic attitude, who always does justifications without open and heard any opinion from various parties. In the nation's cultural dynamics with 1000s ethnic, that is highly unlikely there is such educators. It is essential to master the so-called open mindnes of every educator in order to improve the quality of service and learning.
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35 important. Having a call to instill a collective consciousness to live
together and respect each other was beautiful, it is the inner call of the educators.
Hasbullah, 2006: 9-17 states that the social capital was characterized by at least a pattern of reciprocal inter-relationship of mutual benefit. This pattern is constituted by: first, their participation in the network; second, the spirit to exchange good (resiprocity), third, their interrelatedness of-trust or trust; The fourth, there is social norms, fifth; there is values; and the sixth is a proactive action.
From the six things that was described, first is related to participation in the network, which is in the context of life means different ethnic, religious and racial that required their communication with one another. Networking in this case means there are the relations between the community, the ethnic one another. The role of social groups in developing cooperation and success are enormous. In building this network, there are four main prerequisite for the network that is built and can be used as worship or do not harm one another. The first is the principle of voluntary, it is associated with the souls of sacrifice, helpfulness and others. The network does not awaken properly if their interest is essentially narrow. The second is equality, no other person or group wants to be trampled dignity, without a proper appreciation of them. What is said by Tylor as political recognition or acknowledgment of the existence becomes important. The third is freedom. Freedom is not free without limit, because the signs of freedom is limited by the freedom of others in exercising the rights.
Fourth is the civility or civilization, the meaning is to build synergy in various ways, not win themselves, do not feel alone and especially meritorious just want to be heard alone.
For educators, educational pattern with the key words given will make the educational process in the academic world will become more colorful. The pattern and process of education is turned on by promoting a sense of confidence, inside this confidence is instilled the efforts to value each other as to position themselves among the cultural differences or other beliefs.
In the democratic nature of learners including the teacher is no longer able to curb the freedom to give opinion. However, by adhering to the principles of civility, then the person will be feel free and responsible, so that his words is still under good control.
Besides, it would be grown the sense of equality, if the respect is given automatically others will give the same thing to us.
The spirit of exchanging kindness meant that this valuable national culture are certainly not on an enclosed space, but completely open both in terms of social and ideology. The ideology that is growing and living in a civilization of information technology today, shows an open mind for anyone. The exchange of cultural values is inevitable in the community that are not limited to its area only. In the spirit of mutual exchange of goodness, there is the
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spirit of altruism, or what is called as passion for helping others. If the mind of every educators already grown to want to help each other, it will be spoken in words, which then will be implemented in the community.
Furthermore, things that can not be left alone in building a multicultural education is the need to build trust in the community. Trust or confidence can not be bought. Trust is a growing soft skills of human and will develop to be the ability to serve. Trust is hard to obtain, especially when the trust is ripped off by the stigma. Stigma can be internal ethnic problems of religion, as well as their external problems. Mutual trust in society will make people to gather together, especially when this nation is jaded and hit by various disasters and also global economy crisis.
Mutual trust is the basic capital in building a golden generation of Indonesia in the future. How could a great nation with the heterogeneity of ethnic, tribal and religious drove along the middle of a sea of change. Being in the same ship without their trust in the captain, without trust between people, surely the ship cannot reach the goal. One conflict can make the ship called the Indonesia wrecked. Therefore, let’s act together and constantly demand that dream together and also share the same vision to make it happen.
The other part is the social norm, where social value is used as a “canopy” or umbrella and has been used as both tangible collective rules of relevant laws and agreements. Society without rules or values is unruled community or wild society that is hard to live alongside each other. In the spirit of togetherness, social conduct are needed that guided along together. Educators and the environment will be distorted, the educational process will take place with the educational system of revenge. The estuary is not a dignified process of education, but “credentials education”.
In a society, a value should be developed that can be used as a “protector” or umbrella along in society. Borrowing a term Berger 1994 In The Sacred Canopy, canopy or a community need for shelter. In one particular community cultural values often become more dominant than the rules issued by the government officially.
The principle is the value that is inherited from generation to generation, so guided and are considered to have adhesive values in social life. Each culture will have its own values that guide its generations. A positive value that exchange goodness will build a better civilization among its intergenerational society.
The last part of at least six requirement of social capital to run the attitude of multicultural is initiatives and new ideas that is actualized through proactive personal. Desire of individuals and groups to participate in any development process. Government programs which are disbursed to society are like these, such as
“Abri Masuk Desa” movement or AMD, the government built roads, but done by the community or in conjunction with other residents and not with contractor. A pattern like this will make people
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37 always participate in every aspect of development. In educative
spaces educators infected them with the pattern of participatory learning, which encourages a person to dare argue, and responsible for their argument.
In education field, students should be given the instillition of personal values related to the creative, full of innovation and responsibility. Ideas and creative thinking is not going to be fully available in universities and schools, but at least it begins early (triggered by caregivers). Curriculum orientation and learning systems must be anticipated and updated because of the changes demand a higher competence and higher standards.
2.3 The Importance of Social Reconstruction of Religious