(BE AND ACT I ON
.{.
n
Sr D)
A
IIas Fred alwa3-s bccn L1.tn?lhc lost lhrr ]sors '
n
J llavc lou alrvays likcd classical
nt r.rstc?
tht ltast lcu :.curs
Sprbl;
'nn Anrcrrcnn pol,('cil sc.rndxl rr l!);1 ;l
5g
I
A. Are NIr. and N1rs. Smith goi a moiie tonight?
B. No, they aren't. They've already seen a. movie this '.r'eek
A. Really? When?
B. They saw a movie yesterday.
l. Are NIr. and Mrs. Smith going to eat
at a restaurant tonight?
caL-ate-eaten
3. Is Lr:cy going to writc to hcr grondmother today?
write- wroto-writtc n
2. Is Frank going to get a haircut today?
gec-got-gotten
,1. Is Bob going to take his childrcn to the zoo todaY?
tukc-took- takcn
6(]
cFr,,.1
5.:AIe you gol l
glve-gaYe-8lven . : '-.'
-.-. t .: 6€o-saw-ae€t1 '.,
_. r::.:.ir., i
'' :i .i.--_.' . r'
t:
8 -Is Philip801Pq
today? ^ -{ to wear his r'd.tie
7
l) Is Jennifer going to go to a concert
tonight?.
go--went-gone , ...,:- '. i,,":,..:'. wear-wore-.worn . -_'-'
,,.,-' -'.1 ii:r.4i..r' .'.i )
z?t',: t.= -,
Mary going to do her laundry 10. Is Max going to-swim at the health
I l. Is Nlarion going to wash her car today?
rv ash- rvn shed-rvashcd
13. Are you going to buy bananos today?
b uy- bou gh t- b o u g Ir t
,- iclub today? -: :.- . ., '; :rr gv7irp-g1,1,glF5wum
12. Is Jim going to bakc cookics today?
bakc--bakcd-baked
Is'l'om going to spend a lot of moncy at the dcpartmcnt storc todill'?
sl)cnd-sl)cn t-spclrt
Is
do-did-done
14.
'Q
aita
ll
al61
i: ;i+g:
.'.i-r-you
play thii ng? :.
I
slYE aee a
'i :- .|'i s
to'day?
d)
A. Do you tite:to''sYin? i'. '..-:.,' ' .
-..-.-.: ;1a . -. :
B. Yes, I do. But I'hiven't irvum in a long tin
: i:"ii- ,r.i-i"
A. Why not?
B
2. Does Robert like to do
his English homework?
5. Do Bob and SallY like to take dance lessons?
8. Do you like to see Your old friends?
i...,..:.,,,....
I just haven't hai the time. .1'
.... ,-. t li t' : r: .-. r;. r-}r.:-i- -,-. ri-ri\
.t i il i.,-:_,-.:-:,-1:. :.::
q
)-1i'iih;'..+r'.-', .1':ri{.--ri \ '"t ':.:11\-'l: -.
.j'
l. Does Kathy like to go to the zoo?
4. Do you and your sister like to bake bread?
7. Does William like to write poetry?
3. Do you like to read ?
Neu Yorh Times?
6. Does Betsy like to
make her own cloth
9
A. Have you aecn the new Walt Disney mbvie yet?
B. Yes, I have. I saw it Yesterday.
D'.
GZ
, l. you
\ urite )'our composition
4. Sharon and Charles do their hctmeuorh
7. lv[r- anr] ltrs. Chong nwhc plotrs for the
uecheld 'ridc. rodc. riddcn
l. Iildred
lahe her medicint
4. John and Julia
soy good-bye
2. Nancl
ride her new bicycle'
5. lou
read Chapter 3
3. Arlhur
tahe his d.riuer's test
6. Dauid
Eo to lhe botl^
9. 'Dtcct r'ou
)'our ttcu' English lcochcr
3. Bill - -':-.:
get up''
-8. Stoa le-r'
uear his new suil
A.'.Has Peter left for work Yet?
B. No, he hasn't. He has to lcave norv.
, l.\f 1
finish your homework 2
5. you
fecd the dog
i
63
6. Barbara call her boss
a
LESSBN TITIELVE
I{ETHODS OF EDUCATION : EAST VERSUS IIEST
A reacher lrom a \\iesrirn countrr recenrll \'isited an elcmentarl school in an Asian countr). [n onc ctass, she \\'atched sirrr- loung childr"n as thev lt'arned to dra\v a cat. The reachcr drerv a big circle on the black-board, and sintl children copied it on their papers Thc teacher drerv a smallcr circle on top o[ the 6rst and then pur trvo rrian-elcs on rop of it'
The childrcn drerv in thc same \ra\'. Thc lesson continued until thc'e
rvcre sixtr'-one identical cats in the classroom. Each studenr's cat look'-d
c\actl] like the one on the board.
Th. visiting teacher rrarched the lesson and rs3s surpriscd The teach-ing mcthods rrere ,.-r)' much difletcnt from the rvat o[ teaching in her o..ln aounrrr A children's arl lcsson tn her orvn countrl produccd a
roomful o[ uniqr.re picrures, each one complctell different lrom the others'
\\'h\'? What causes this di[[ercnce in educational methods? ln a class-room rn an\'coLrntr\'. the lnstructor teachcs more than art or historl 0r language. Hc or shc also teachcs cultttre (the ideas and belicfs of that .oci.'r1). Ea.h educational svsicm is a mirror that rcflects the culture'o[
th,: societl.
In a socrcr\- such as the Unitcd Statos or Canada, rvhich has manl national, rcligious, and culrural diffcrcnces, pcoplc highlr valuc
indi-r idualism-thc di[[crcnccs bctrrecn pcoplc. Tcachc-rs placc a lt',t t-rI
importancc'on (h!'qualiucs that makc cach studcnt spccral. Thc cdu' calional s\'slcms in thcsc countrics shorr rhcsc valucs. Studcnts ck., not mcmorizc inkrrmation. Instcad, thcr rvork indiriduallr and iindansrrcrs thcmselrcs. Thcrc is oltcn discussir.:n in thL'classroom- At an carlr agc.
stLrdcnts lL'arn to [r.:rm thcir orr n rdcas and opinions.
In nrost Asian socicti.':, b1 contrast, thc pcopl.'havc thc sllm. lan-guaee. historr. and cultLrr.. Pcrhaps lor this tcason, thc cducatir.rnnl
sr srcnr in much of thc Or icnt rcllL-cts soci.t\'s bclicI in grc.,Lrp goals and
purposcs rathcr than rnilrr idualism. Chrldrcn in China. Japarr, an<l Korcr c.rltcn rrork toguthcr and hcLp cach o[hcr-on assisnmcnt5. lr] thc clJ5!' room, thc rcaching nrcrh,-rcls arc oftcn vcrr [r-rrmal. Thc tcachcr lccturc..
and thc studcn(s listn Thcrc is not ntuch discussir.rn. Instclcl, th,: stu' dcnts rccitc nrlcs trr inlt-rr nration thilt thc\ havc nremorizccl
Thclc arc ad,,antaqr's and disadrantagcs t<.r both ol thcsc svstcrn: <-rl educatron.'For cxamplc. <-rnc advantagc to thc s\'stcm in Japan is that stLrdcn!5 thcrc lcarn rlrr.rch nlorc nrirtll nI\.i sciJIl'c (l\'ln '\lllcl l(]n
:tLl-clcnts lcarn br thc cnLl ol hrgh schc'ol. Thcr al:cr stLId' nrort llour'' ':rilr
cl.rr and nror.'clers cl,ch tclLr thnrr \r'rrth.\rrr':r'lean: Jo The:\\L(lr1 l\
r-irltiurrlt. but it p,.p",'.-' slLl(l!11t5lul'.t \()eret\ th'tt rlilre: elr-trirlrrri rrrlcl scll-control Tltcrc i. hrrr,r.ere r-. e clt'atlrrntalc \lirll.r rzetr'rrt r' etr rrrrP!rrt.tnt lcar'rrirlg nretll,r.l Ln Jaoltle:c tclt'r'rlt. rct trlJIl\. s(rrJ'llt$ir\
th:,t altcr'arr c\lttl. tl)u! l(rl let nllr!h ()l lhc inl.rnrlttl'rtt tlllrt ther lr'rr'
nrcnror iu ccl
Thc rclrartragc to th. c(lll.atiorrll s\'\tcnl ln \or th Arrlcr'ree' orr tlrt ()thcI han(1. is thar stu.l.nt' lclrn tt.r think irrI thcrrt'clvc: Tlrc sr'tcrrr prcparcs (hctn lor I s,rirc(r' lllirt \ itlLlcs cl (!rtr\ c itlc'r:'' Ttrel c ir' lrr-,ucr er '
a,J,r.dt"nr.tg.. \\'hcll !tLrJ.rlt: greclu.rtc {rorlt high'chuol' llrc\ hi!\'lr't
mcnrrrrizccl lr. nranr b.rsrc rul,:s art.l lactt rt trlttlcrrt: irl t'thct'et;untr ie' herc.
L1
o
:
( Kirn, pp. 4-6 )
Getting the Nlain Ideas
,{nsrver the quesrions according to the reading selcction \\'hich statcmcnts applv to
ttil.t t1r,.ri. o[ education? \Gire \r' (tl'csrenr) or E (Easrenr) on rh.: lincs Don't look back ar the reading.
t
2
3
I
a Thc teacher dra\\s pictures that rhe children copr cractlr -Each child draus a dillerent picture; thc teacher hclps
inditiduals.
Thc societr valucs indir idualism highlr"
Studenrs hare ro find inlormation thcms,.'lres and thcrc is a lrrt o[
discussion.
\lost o[ thc peoplc in rhc cor.rntrt halc rhc samc languagc, hi:torr and culture.
Students listcn tr.r the tcachcr and mcnlorizL'inft.rrmatir.rn and rules.
Thc srstcm prcparcs studcnts for a socictr that lalucs clisciplrnc'
%
Guessing }leaning from Context
\-ou do nr..,t nccd to look up thc mcanings o[ all ncrt rrcrrd: in I clictionlttr- \'ort can
gucss thc nlcanrngs o[ nranr-ncrv r",orCs lrom thc cr.rnt.'rt-thc othcr \!(rrd' lll thc scn_
tcncc, and th. othcr scntcnccs in thc par agraph.
Somctimcs a scnlcncc givcs a dclinition o[ a ncrr vcrcabulatr itcnr or
infornra-tion about rt. This inlormation mal bc rn parcnlh.scJ ( ), aftcr a clash (
- ), crr aftcr a
comma (.)
E-rarlplc: Thcrc \\crc si\(\''onc r,Jcq4a! cats in thc classroom each on': csactll- likc
-^- ' ' ,t.l,rn",n thc buard.'(wh-at doe's iderrtical mcan? It mcans "cractll alike ") Find thc mcanrngs o[ thc undcrlin.'d u or'ls I n ( h(- scnr('nccs and rr ritc th'"m on thc line's'
l. A childrcn s art lcsson productd a ro'lmful o[ unioue picrures each onc conlplctclr l
6
7
di[[crc n t [r'r-rm th('othcrs
2. Thc instructor also tcachcs rhc {1y1 (lhc idcas and btlic[s o[strictr)
3 Pcoplc highlr raluc indiT irlu:rlrsnr-thc Ci[ltrcnccs bctuccn p''oplc
{. trlost Or rcntll socictics r alue .ir'cipl!l!. or scll'control
Sonlctinrcs thc nrcaning or a cluc ro tllc nlcanirrg ol a ncrr roclrbLtlerr itcnl is in anothct scntcncc of scntcncc pitl t.
F,tatrpIL: A rcachcr [r'otn a \\'c:tcrrr c()Llntr\ Icccr]tl\ \isircd
'rn clsntcntarr school in
an Asian cor.rntrv. ln orrc cl.r.' shc r.etchcd sirtl loung childrcn (\\'har is rn tleutrttan' school? It r ir schtx)l for \oung childrcn')
\\'rilc rhc nrcaninqs ol thc trrrdcclrncd r.ortls r.:n tltc lrncs
5. Thc rcachcr clrcrr e big cirilc orr thc bleclbo]rd, and thc childrcn g92!g! it' Thcn .hc clrcrv a sntallcr circlc, antl tlrc class clrcrr it tltc Sanlc \\'il\
MJLIK IJPT PERPI.:^. .'i{
tK,"
rA O h'65
6. Th. teachins methods uerc re4 much Ci[[erent from the rral of teaching in hcr o\\'n countr\
7. Students memoriz!' in[ormation ther le'arn and rtmember basic rulcs and facts
E. Thcv uork indiriduallv and find anst.crs themselres
9. Each educarional s,vstem is a mirror that reflecrs the talues o[ the societl Oricnt, ir shorrs societ!'s beli.'[s in group goals rathcr than indilidualism.
ln the
10. Pcoplc in !\'esrern cultures valuc indiridualism hishlv. Teachcrs placc a lot o[
importancc on lhc qualitics that makc cach person special
Norr reac thc sel!'ction ar rhc beeinning o[ rhc chaprer a-eain carcfulh Tn (o suL,ss rh.
mcaning: o[ n.'rv rlords from the conrcrL Usc rour dicrionarr onl..l .,rh.n aLsolurcl..
necessar\.
Check rour ans\\'('rs in thc"'Gerring rhc \lain Idcas" sccti,n, rr.hich [r..rllorrcd rhc read ing sr.:ct ir..rn. Corrccr
'our errors Thcn complcre rhc foltorr ing crcrcisc,. Lc,ok brik at the rce:ins iI ncccssart.. t
Understanding Reading Structure
l. Paragr:chs dir idc rcading matcrial inl<.r ropics In rhcsr,lccrionat thc bcginnin..: ul thc ch:crcr, rhcrc ar(' lcrtcrs n!,\l (o. rhc sir paragraphs. On" pn."g."phl, ,rr;ti,
abour unc tooic. \larch rhc paraeraphs rrith rhciriopics and r'.i.irc ihc lcrrc,.. rl thc paragrachs on rhe lines.
2 \ rcaCi;;: tr].r\ c\prcjs onc fiL n icie.r.l-hc nr.tin iclca ir thc ntr_r:t rrlrporranr iclca oi thc rcaJ:rr!:: it:rrnrs up lhc topic\:rrr,:i idcu: ol all rlrc parar:raph5. Circl( thc lcrr(r
crI thc ;:.rin iCc:r ol rhc rcadrns sclcerlrrr ar rlre br,]rnnrn! ,ii rh. ch,,pr.,.
a. In clrrrcnterr .lhools in ,\:r.r. chrlrlren cr;p,, prctrrrcs ol celr lronr the hluel,h,;.rr.l
b'l'hc:-.readrenragc'andJrsatlr.rrr.{e.i,ril,ri.,"u,etrucarr,r..rrs,.,,rerrrr.,.rrrr.rr rcll.: I eulrrrr.c
c ln u
''reietr srreh as thc unrte!r sr.rt.\ or Carracr.r. lcecrrcr- ralrrc rr.lrr rtrrr,rrr.;l hrgf..
tl. Str.rc.rt. l'rrrrtr J.rplrrt cir,. nrc,,]()r r/c inror'nretrorr bettcr- rherr \lu(l(,.t\ lr()rrr rrl(
Unt.; Sr:r Lc:
How \\'csrcrn school sr srcms rcllccr rhc r a luc oI indir idualisnt The adr antaecs and crsadr anrascs o[ thc \orth Amtr ican sr stcnr Rcasons [<-.,r di[[crcnc.s in cducarional s\.stcms
Horr, Oricnral :chool srsrcms rcllccr group goals
Intrutlu.tr,,n I ill'..,,r,,nr lt irn.\\ran (.orrnlr\
Thc adrantagc' ancl tlr'aclranra.lc. ol Oricnral nrcrhocl> ol etluca tion
66
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
Did 1-ou cnjoy srtirnming 2
in the occan last rvcekcnd?
hadn ' t eaten .
( had not )
Did Janicc enjoy
s ing ing rvitlr thc choir last Su nday?
3. .Did ltlr. and }lrs.
Gleason cnjol taking a rvalk along the beach ) esterday?
I
He She
It
I{e You
T hey
A. Did Ceorge enjoy seeing his old fricnds last night?
B. Yes, hc Cid. Hc hadn'; scen his old friends in a long time
p o c
o
l.
-J
{ Did you and l our o
fricnds cnjoy going out for dinncr Iast niglrt?
-frffie\_
WW
Did I'rolcssor Nclson crrjo-v sccing ltis fortncrst u clcrr t. last rvet'k?
Drd Susan enjol' r'rsit-inc hcr Frandpurents lest Sr.r nda v afLcrnoon?
S. Did \\'altcr cnjol plal' ing hidt alrd scck'
\\ rtl) his clrildren llst
n,girt.)
Did Andrcrv and Eric cnjol hav ing chocolace cake for desscrt last night?
Did i\trs. ThomPson enjoy rcad ing hcr old lo\'c lcttcrs l3s(
s cckcnd?
6
o
67
A. Did You get to the Planc on time?
B. No. t didn't.
" ;;',;;';;; I sot to the plane, ic hacl alreadv takcn o[f
l. cotrcerl
begin
leclure end
2. post oliic',:
cLosa
3- trsitt
lcaue
6, mccting
fr nish
4 5 moL Ie
slorl
I
,/
9. ltaroda go b!
FlILIK UPT PEFPIJSTANAAN
IXIP DADANG
banli B. hxrr
8!rtx
\o
6A