P+*$%$ t%+,a adaa- +*$%$ %n%+aan $- ana$ ada %n'*a-an an'an nt! t#an %n'*a-an. "na!t"a$" %n8",. ata ,%n+n!an *a$" ,"!+*&a/ K-$$ daa, +an'!a ,%n+n!an *a$" ,"!+*&a an' d",a!$d d%n'an +*$%$ t%+,a t%+$%&t adaa- a$t%+"$a$" dan $t%+""$a$"/ Pa$t%+"$a$" &%+t#an -ana nt! ,%,&n- &a!t%+" at*'%n ata ,"!+*&a an' ,%+'"!an
$%-"n''a $tanda+ +*$%$ t%+,ana adaa- d%n'an %n''naan $- 6*@ $%a,a 0 ,%n"t an' $%ta+a d%n'an ,%n'+an'" *a$" &a!t%+" at*'%n . (<D)/ St%+""$a$" &%+t#an nt! ,%,&n- $%,a ,"!+*&a t%+,a$! $*+ana $%-"n''a $tanda+ $t%+""$a$" adaa- d%n'an %n''naan $- 121*@ $%a,a 4 ,%n"t a"t $%ta+a d%n'an ,%n'+an'" *a$" (lostridiu# "otulinu# $%&ana! . (12D) (H%+d"ant*. 2003)/
D" daa, +*d!$" ,a!anan. #onitoring dan !*nt+* $- ,%+a!an >a!t*+ %nt"n' daa, ,%n#a,"n !%a,anan dan !a"ta$ +*d! a!-"+/ S%,a!"n t"n''" $-. ,a!a a!an $%,a!"n %nd%! =a!t an' d"&t-!an/ Daa, %n'*a-an &a-an an'an. +*$%$ t%+,a &!an -ana -a+$ ,%,%+t",&an'!an #,a- ,"!+**+'an"$,% an' a!an ,at" ta" #'a n"a" '"8" dan nt+"$"na/ D%n'an d%,"!"an. *t",a$" +*$%$ t%+,a $an'at d"%+!an nt! daat ,%n%nt!an !*,&"na$" $- dan =a!t $%a,a %,ana$an a'a+ daat ,%,%n-" !+"t%+"a ,t dan !%a,anan an'an/ P+*$%$ t%+,a ada %n'*a-an +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity t%+d"+" ata$ +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" $$ $%'a+. +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" +*d! dan +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" +*d!/
IV.1 P"#$%$ Pa$-%+"$a$ S+$+ S%a"
Pa$t%+"$a$" ,%+a!an %+a!an %,ana$an d%n'an $- an' d"'na!an &"a$ana d"&a=a- 100@ a"t 5295<@ $%a,a 1<920 d%t"! (Ta"&*n'. 201)/ Pa$t%+"$a$" ada $$ $%'a+ %+ d"a!!an nt! ,%n;%'a- %na+an %na!"t dan ,%n;%'a- !%+$a!an !a+%na ,"!+**+'an"$,% dan %n8",/ K*nd"$" a$t%+"$a$" &%+t#an nt! ,%,&%+"!an %+"ndn'an ,a!$",, t%+-ada %na!"t an' d"&a=a *%- $$. d%n'an ,%n'+an'" $%,"n",a ,n'!"n !%-"an'an 8at '"8"na dan ,%,%+ta-an!an $%,a!$",a ,n'!"n +a dan ;"ta+a$a $$ $%'a+/ S$ $%'a+ an' d"ta,n' d" daa, silo tank !%,d"an a!an d"a"+!an !% daa, Plate 0eat -1changer (PHE) nt! d"a!!an +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$"/
Plate 0eat -1changer (PHE) ,%+a!an aat "nda- ana$ an' ,%,""!" at9at ""- d" daa,na. an' t%+d"+" ata$ regeneratif I. pasteuri4er . regeneratif II dan chiller / Ada %,at &a'"an daa, aat "n" d",ana daa, !%%,at &a'"an t%+$%&t ,%,""!" t"n'!atan $- an' &%+&%da/ Ba'"an %+ta,a adaa- PHE regeneratif I d%n'an !"$a+an $- 60950*@. &a'"an !%da adaa- pasteuri4er d%n'an $- 32*@. &a'"an !%t"'a adaa- PHE regeneratif II d%n'an $- 21*@. dan &a'"an !%%,at adaa- chiller d%n'an $- 4*@/ Aat "n" &%+>n'$" $%&a'a" ,%$"n nt! a$t%+"$a$" a+tan $$. d%n'an +"n$" !%+#a &%+da$a+!an ada %+t!a+an ana$ $%;a+a !*nd!$" dan !*n%!$" anta+a +*d! d%n'an a"+ ana$ ata stea#/ Plate 0eat -1changer (PHE) an' d" PT ISAM t%+daat da
n"t d%n'an !aa$"ta$ $%&%$a+ 4<0094300 "t%+#a,/
P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" $$ $%'a+ d" PT ISAM d"a!!an d%n'an ;a+a ,%%=at!an $$ !% daa, PHE ,%a" "alance tank an' &%+>n'$" nt!
,%n'at+ !%$%",&an'an a"+an $$ an' ,a$!/ Plate 0eat -1changer (PHE) an' a!an d"'na!an. -a+$ d"a!!an %,ana$an -"n''a $- a"+ ,%n;aa" 509 0@. !%,d"an $$ d"a"+!an !%daa, "a/ S$ $%'a+ an' d"%=at!an !% daa, PHE a!an ,%n'aa," ta-aan +*$%$. a"t preheating . a$t%+"$a$" dan cooling / S- $$ ada $aat preheating a!an na"! ,%n#ad" 50@ dan $%t%a- "t a!an d"a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an $- 50932@ $%a,a 1< d%t"!/ S$ $%'a+ an' t%a-,%n'aa," +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$". $%an#tna a!an t%a-,%n'aa," +*$%$ cooling -"n''a $-na ,%n;aa" 4@/ S$ an' t%a- d"d"n'"n!an !%,d"an a!an d"a"+!an !% daa, +torage Tank (ST 01ST 04) an' d"%n'!a" d%n'an %nd"n'"n nt! ,%n#a'a $- $$ -"n''a d"a!!an +*$%$ $%an#na/
P%n''naan PHE $%&a'a" ,%d"a %,ana$an ,%nn#!an &a-=a ,%t*d% a$t%+"$a$" an' d"'na!an d" PT ISAM adaa- ,%t*d% 0ight Te#perature +hort
Ti#e (HTST)/ M%n+t B;!% et al& (135). a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,%n''na!an ,%t*d% HTST &"a$ana d"'na!an $- 51.5@ dan 5<@ $%a,a 1<916 d%t"! d%n'an ,%n''na!an aat %,ana$ &%+&%nt! %,%n'an ( plate type heat e1changer5. $at $"$t%, d",ana %n''naan $- -a+$ d"#a'a $%&a"! ,n'!"n/ S%dan'!an ,%n+t E;!%$ et al& (15). ,%t*d% HTST &"a$ana ,%n''na!an $- $%!"ta+ 160 (51.5@)/ B%+da$a+!an "t%+at+ d" ata$. %n''naan $- ada a$t%+"$a$" $$ $%'a+ d" PT ISAM t%+a t"n''" a"t $%!"ta+ 50932@. $%-"n''a $- a$t%+"$a$" ,a$"- &"$a d"t+n!an ,%n#ad" 51.595<@ dan daat d"a!!an %n'!+an !%;!an +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" "n" d%n'an ,%n''na!an #" alkaline phosphatase/ A!t">na %n8", >*$>ata$% d"an''a $%&a'a" #" an' daat d"%+;aa nt! ,%,&!t"!an aa!a- $$ t%a- ;! d",a$a! d%n'an ana$. !a+%na
%n8", "n" t%+daat daa, $$ $%'a+ ,%nta- dan d""na!t">!an &a"! *%- +*$%d+ a$t%+"$a$" holder ata HTST (B;!% et al&. 135)/
IV.2 P"#$%$ S-%"'$a$ P"#+, A'a& M+"! Fruity
St%+""$a$" adaa- +*$%$ t%+,a nt! ,%,at"!an $%,a ,"!+**+'an"$,% &%$%+ta $*+a9$*+ana/ S*+a &a!t%+" &%+$">at ta-an ana$. ,a!a da+" "t +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" %+ d"a!!an d%n'an $- an' ;! t"n''" a"t d" ata$ 121*@ d%n'an =a!t an' $"n'!at $%-"n''a daat ,%,at"!an $*+a &a!t%+"/ P%n''naan =a!t an' $"n'!at d%n'an $- an' t"n''" "n" nt! ,%n;%'a- t%+#ad"na %+&a-an !a"ta$ ada +*d! an' t"da! d""n'"n!an. !a+%na ada ,,na +*$%$ %,ana$an daat ,%n%&a&!an %+&a-an >"$"! atan !","a ada +*d!/ M%n'"n'at %+a,&atan ana$ ,%a" &a-an !%,a$an dan &a-an an'an ,%,a!an =a!t ,a!a daa, +a!t"!na %,ana$an daa, at*!a> ,%,a!an =a!t %&"- a,a da+" 1< ,%n"t/
P+*$%$ $t%+""$a$" ada +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity "n" d"a!!an d%n'an ,%n''na!an ,%t*d% Ultra 0igh Te#perature (UHT) a"t ada $- 1<*@ 2 $%a,a 2< d%t"!/ M%$"n an' d"'na!an nt! +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" $$ Aa, M+n" Fruity adaa- UHT Nan-a/ P+*$%$ $t%+""$a$" ada +*d! $$ a$a, ( Line Acidified Bottle) d"a!!an $%;a+a &%+ta-a $%t%a- ,%a" +*$%$ #i1ing / P+*$%$na t%+d"+" ata$ pre2heating . #ain heating ($t%+""$a$"). dan cooling / Pre2 heating a!an ,%na"!an $- +*d! -"n''a 50*@ $%a,a 20 d%t"!/ M%d", %,ana$ an' d"'na!an adaa- stea#. $%-"n''a t%+#ad" %+t!a+an ana$ anta+a +*d! d%n'an at an' t%a- d"ana$!an *%- stea#& K%,d"an ada ta-a #ain
1<*@ 2 $%a,a 2< d%t"! d%n'an !%;%atan a"+ <000 "t%+#a,/ Tu"ular 0eat -1changer (THE) an' d"'na!an ,%,""!" an#an' 2< ,%t%+ dan d"a,%t%+
inch/ P+"n$" !%+#a aat "n" a"t &%+da$a+!an ada %+t!a+an ana$ $%;a+a t&a+ an' d"$%&t "a %n!a+ ana$/ S$ an' t%a- ,%%=at" %,ana$an a!an ,%%=at" D? ( Flo! Diersion 6ale) nt! ,%n'%ta-" !%;!an $- an' d"t%ta!an ada +*d!/ Aa&"a $- t%+a +%nda- d"&and"n' $- an' d"t%ta!an. ,a!a +*d! a!an d"a"+!an !%,&a" !% "alance tank nt! d"ana$!an !%,&a"/ Aa&"a $- ;!. +*d! a!an d"a"+!an ,%n# +*$%$ $%an#tna/ Pada +*$%$ cooling . +*d! d"d"n'"n!an -"n''a ,%n;aa" $- 0*@ !%,d"an d"a"+!an !% daa, Ultra (lean Tank /
P+*$%$ $t%+""$a$" ada UHT Nan-a "n" ,%+a!an $aa- $at (ritical (ontrol Point (@@P) ata t"t"! !+"t"$ ada +*$%$ +*d!$" Aa, M+n" Fruity/ P+*$%$ "n" ,%n#ad" t"t"! !+"t"$ !a+%na ,%+a!an +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" an' d"a!!an $%&%, +*d! ,%,a$!" ta-aan +*$%$ filling / Bata$ *%+a$"*na ada +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" "n". a"t $- $t%+""$a$" $%&%$a+ 1< 2*@. holding ti#e $%&%$a+ 2< d%t"!. dan a"+an +*d! $%&%$a+ < ,#a,/ M*n"t*+"n' t%+-ada t"t"! !+"t"$ "n" &%+a %n'%;%!an $%t"a 0 ,%n"t $%!a" an' d"a!!an *%- O%+at*+ UHT Nan-a/ Bata$ !+"t"$ ada +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" "n". a"t $- $t%+""$a$" !+an' da+" 1*@. holding ti#e !+an' da+" 2< d%t"!. dan a"+an +*d! %&"- &%$a+ da+" < ,#a,/ Bata$9&ata$ !+"t"$ t%+$%&t !%,d"an d";atat d" daa, @atatan St%+""$a$" UHT Nan-a/ Aa&"a +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" t"da! ,%,%n-" &ata$9&ata$ !+"t"$ t%+$%&t. ,a!a d"a!!an t"nda!an !*+%!$" &%+a %n*a!an$t%+""$a$" an' +*d! an' t%a- ,%a" UHT Nan-a dan (lean in Place 7(IP5 ,%$"n UHT Nan-a/
IV./ P"#$%$ Pa$-%+"$a$ P"#+, A'a& M+"! Fruity
P+*d! $$ an' t%a- ,%a" +*$%$ filling dan t%a- d"!%,a$ daa, !%,a$an &*t* !%,d"an a!an ,%a" +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$"/ Pa$t%+"$a$" +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity &%+t#an nt! ,%n'-"an'!an ,"!+**+'an"$,% at*'%n an' ta-an t%+-ada $- t"n''" an' ,n'!"n ,a$"- -"d a!"&at t%+#ad"na !*nta,"na$" !%t"!a +*$%$ filling !% daa, &*t*/ S%a"n "t. !*ta,"na$" #'a ,n'!"n t%+#ad" !a+%na !%adaan &*t* an' t"da! d"$t%+""$a$" t%+%&"- da-/ M%d", ana$ an' d"'na!an adaa- a"+ an' d"ana$!an *%- a ana$ an' d"-a$"!an *%- "oiler& A"+ an' d"ana$!an t%+$%&t $-na daat d"at+ d%n'an ;a+a ,%,ta+ aat %n'at+ $-/ P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" "n" d"a!!an d%n'an ,%t*d% "atch ada $- 294*@ $%a,a 13922 ,%n"t/ %one coldest point +*d! &%+ada ada *na <. a"t ,"n",a 36*@/
P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" t%+#ad" daa, aat pasteuri4er an' ,%,""!" !aa$"ta$ 25/000 &*t*#a,& Pasteuri4er ,%+a!an +an'!a"an aat &%+&%nt! tunnel an' t%+d"+" ata$ &%&%+aa 8*na/ S%t"a 8*na ,%,""!" $- an' &%+&%da/ *na 1 dan *na 2 ,%+a!an 8*na preheating d%n'an $- ,a$"n'9,a$"n' 50*@ dan 3<*@/ *na ,%+a!an 8*na heating d%n'an $- 2*@/ *na 4 dan *na < ,%+a!an 8*na a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an $- an' $a,a. a"t 2*@/ *na 6 dan *na 5 ,%+a!an 8*na cooling d%n'an $- ,a$"n'9,a$"n' 5<*@ dan <0*@/ S%t"a 8*na #'a ,%,""!" no44le2no44le an' &%+>n'$" ,%n%,+*t!an a"+ dan da+a &%+t%!anan/ A"+ an' d"!%a+!an daat &%+a a"+ ana$ (a$t%+"$a$") dan a"+ d"n'"n (cooling )/
S%a"n t%+#ad" +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$". ada aat "n" t%+#ad" a +*$%$ %nd"n'"nan $%t%a- a$t%+"$a$" a"t d%n'an ,%n%,+*t!an a"+ d"n'"n
&%+t%!anan/ A"+ d"n'"n t%+$%&t &%+>n'$" nt! ,%n+n!an $- a"+ an' t%+a ana$ d%n'an ;a+a ,%n!a+ a"+ ana$ d%n'an a"+ d"n'"n -"n''a $- an' d""n'"n!an t%+;aa"/ P+*$%$ "n" ,%+a!an +*$%$ "nda- ana$ $%;a+a !*nd!$" anta+a +*d! dan a"+ ana$a"+ d"n'"n/ Pana$ a!an d""nda-!an !% ,%d", a"+ an' $a"n' &%+$%nt-an/ P+*d! Line Acidified Bottle (LAB) daa, !%,a$an an' t%a- d"a$t%+"$a$" d" *na 4 dan *na < !%,d"an ,%a" +*$%$ cooling d" *na 6 dan *na 5 -"n''a $- +*d! ,%n;aa" <0*@/
P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ada pasteuri4er "n" ,%+a!an $aa- $at (ritical (ontrol Point (@@P) ata t"t"! !+"t"$ ada +*$%$ +*d!$" Aa, M+n" Fruity/ P+*$%$ "n" ,%n#ad" t"t"! !+"t"$ !a+%na ,%+a!an +*$%$ %,ana$an (a$t%+"$a$") an' d"a!!an $%t%a- +*d! ,%,a$!" ta-aan +*$%$ filling / Bata$ *%+a$"*na ada +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" "n". a"t $- +*d! ada *na Pa$t%+"$a$" $%&%$a+ 369 33*@. =a!t a$t%+"$a$" $%&%$a+ 13922 ,%n"t. $- O,+*n *na Pa$t%+"$a$" $%&%$a+ 294*@ dan spray no44le an' t"da! ,a,at/ M*n"t*+"n' t%+-ada t"t"! !+"t"$ "n" &%+a %n'%;%!an $%t"a 1 #a, $%!a" an' d"a!!an *%- O%+at*+ Pasto Line/
Bata$ !+"t"$ ada +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" "n". a"t $- +*d! ada *na Pa$t%+"$a$" !+an' da+" 36*@. =a!t a$t%+"$a$" !+an' da+" 13922 ,%n"t. $- O,+*n *na Pa$t%+"$a$" !+an' da+" 2*@ dan spray no44le d"daat" ,a,at/ Bata$9&ata$ !+"t"$ t%+$%&t !%,d"an d";atat d" daa, @atatan in Line (ontrol Pasteurisasi Tunnel / Aa&"a +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" t"da! ,%,%n-" &ata$9&ata$ !+"t"$
t%+$%&t. ,a!a d"a!!an t"nda!an !*+%!$" &%+a %n'-%nt"an !*n%*+ ta,a. %n'-%nt"an ,%$"n filling dan %n'%;%!an $- +*d! d" %one (oldest Point / J"!a $- +*d! !+an' da+" 36*@. ,a!a d"a!!an a$t%+"$a$" an' ada
+*d!/ J"!a $- +*d! %&"- da+" 36*@. ,a!a d"a!!an %n'#"an $">at *+'an*%t"! +*d! *%- F@/
IV.4 A!a'$$ Sa- F$, P"#+, A'a& M+"! Fruity S%-%'a* P"#$%$ T%"&a' S">at >"$"! &a-an an'an d"d%>"n"$"!an $%&a'a" $">at ata !a+a!t%+"$t"! an' ,%nd%$!+"$"!an $%;a+a >"$"! &a-an an'an/ Ka+a!t%+"$t"! >"$"! &a-an an'an %+ d"!%ta-" dan d"%a#a+" !a+%na %+ananna an' %nt"n' daa, %n%ntan !a"ta$ &a-an &a! dan +*d! #ad". %n'*a-an. d"$t+"&$" dan %n%+",aan *%-!*n$,%n (N+-ad" dan N+-a$ana-. 2010)/ Ana"$"$ $">at >"$"! +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity $%t%a- +*$%$ t%+,a d"a!!an nt! ,%n'%ta-" !a"ta$ a!-"+ +*d! $%;a+a >"$"!/ Ana"$"$ d"a!!an t%+-ada 3 $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch dan tan''a +*d!$" an' &%+&%da/ S">at >"$"! +*d! an' d"a,at" ,%"t" $-. H. $%d",%nta$". d%n$"ta$ dan $">at *+'an*%t"!/ P%n'#"an $- d"a!!an d%n'an ,%n''na!an t%+,*,%t%+. H d%n'an ,%n''na!an H ,%t%+. $%d",%nta$" ,%n''na!an centrifuge dan d%n$"ta$ ,%n''na!an picno#eter / S">at *+'an*%t"! d"a,at" $%;a+a an'$n' ,%"t" +a$a. =a+na dan a+*,a/ Ha$" ana"$"$ $">at *+'an*%t"! dan $">at >"$"! +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity $%t%a- +*$%$ t%+,a daat d""-at ada Ta&% 2 dan Ta&% /
Ta%' 2. Sa- O"a!#'%-, P"#+, A'a& M+"! Fruity S%-%'a* P"#$%$ T%"&a'
N#. Expir Dat !atch Ra$a a"!a A"#&a
1 2612201< A01A21:< < Pt"- +tra!"erry 2 2512201< A01A13:06 < Pt"- +tra!"erry 2312201< A01A15:2 < Pt"- +tra!"erry 4 012201< A01A0:00 < Pt"- +tra!"erry < 112201< A01A0:00 < Pt"- +tra!"erry 6 2612201< A02A12:06 < Pt"- +tra!"erry 5 2512201< A02A0:0 < Pt"- +tra!"erry 3 112201< A02A14:2 < Pt"- +tra!"erry
P+*d! a!-"+ Aa, M+n" Fruity ,%,""!" +a$a !-a$ stra!"erry an' ,an"$ dan $%d"!"t a'a! a$a,/ Unt! ,%n'%ta-" t"n'!at !%$!aan t%+-ada +a$a +*d! d"a!!an %n'#"an &%+a ;";" d%n'an < $!aa !%$!aan. a"t $!a <. a'a! $!a 4. n%t+a . t"da! $!a 2 dan $an'at t"da! $!a 1/ S%,a $a,% +*d! an' d"a,at" ,%,""!" n"a" < nt! #" !%$!aan t%+-ada +a$a +*d!.
an' a+t"na +*d! d"$!a" *%- %n'#"/
7a+na ,%+a!an at+"&t >"$"! an' d"n"a" t%+%&"- da- daa, %n%ntan ,t ,a!anan dan t%+!adan' &"$a d"#ad"!an !+an nt! ,%n%nt!an
;"ta +a$a. t%!$t+. n"a" '"8" dan $">at ,"!+*&"**'"$ (N+-ad" dan N+-a$ana-. 2010)/ S%,a $a,% +*d! an' d"a,at" ,%,""!" =a+na dan a+*,a an' $%+a'a,. a"t &%+=a+na t"- dan &%+a+*,a stra!"erry/ 7a+na t"- &%+a$a da+" =a+na $$ an' ,%+a!an &a-an ta,a daa, %,&atan +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity/ K*,*$"$" $$ an' d"'na!an %&"- d*,"nan d"&and"n' !*,*$"$" &a-an a"n an' d"ta,&a-!an. $%-"n''a =a+na an' d",""!" +*d! adaa- t"-an' &%+a$a da+" =a+na $$/ A+*,a stra!"erry &%+a$a da+" flaor $"nt%t"$ d%n'an +a$a stra!"erry an' d"ta,&a-!an ada $aat %n'*a-an/ P%na,&a-an flaor daat ,%,&%+"!an t"+an a+*,a dan +a$a an' !-a$ da+" $at #%n"$ &a-an/
Ta%' /. Sa- F$, P"#+, A'a& M+"! Fruity S%-%'a* P"#$%$ T%"&a' N# . Expir Dat !atch S+*+ (*@) H S%&%!-a$ (&') < (:&') 1 2612201< A01A21:< 23 4.20 0.2 1.0436 2 2512201< A01A13:06 23 4.13 0.1 1.040 2312201< A01A15:2 23 4.1 0.1 1.04 4 012201< A01A0:00 23 4.20 0.2 1.0<1 < 112201< A01A0:00 23 4.1< 0.1 1.0<1 6 2612201< A02A12:06 23 4.21 0.1 1.043 5 2512201< A02A0:0 23 4.1 0.1 1.043 3 112201< A02A14:2 23 4.1< 0.1 1.044 Ra-a="a-a 2> 461> 06125 160501
S- adaa- &%$a+an an' ,%nata!an d%+a#at ana$ ata d"n'"nna $at &%nda ata +an'an/ S- a!-"+ +ata9+ata +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity a"t 23*@/ S%t%a- ,%n'aa," +*$%$ t%+,a. +*d! a!-"+ Aa, M+n" Fruity ,%,""!" n"a" H +ata9+ata $%&%$a+ 4.13/ H adaa- d%+a#at !%a$a,an an' d"'na!an nt!
,%nata!an t"n'!at !%a$a,an ata !%&a$aan an' d",""!" *%- $at a+tan/ Ia d"d%>"n"$"!an $%&a'a" !**'a+"t,a a!t""ta$ "*n -"d+*'%n (H) an' t%+a+t/ N"a" H t%+t"n''" t%+daat ada $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A02A12:06. a"t $%&%$a+ 4.21/ S%dan'!an n"a" H t%+%nda- t%+daat ada $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A0:00 dan A02A14:2. a"t $%&%$a+ 4.1</ S%"$"- n"a" H ada $a,% +*d! an' d"#" a"t $%!"ta+ 0.0190.06/
P+*d! a!-"+ Aa, M+n" Fruity ,%,""!" n"a" $%d",%nta$" +ata9+ata $%&%$a+ 0.12< ,/ N"a" $%d",%nta$" t%+t"n''" t%+daat ada $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A21:< dan A01A0:00. a"t $%&%$a+ 0.2 ,/ S%dan'!an n"a" $%d",%nta$" t%+%nda- t%+daat ada 6 $a,% +*d! a"nna. a"t $%&%$a+ 0.1 ,/ S%"$"- n"a" $%d",%nta$" ada $a,% +*d! an' d"#" a"t +ata9+ata $%&%$a+ 0.1 ,/ D%n$"ta$ adaa- %+&and"n'an ,a$$a &a-an d%n'an *,%na d%n'an $atan !', (1 !', 109 ';, 109 ',) (N+-ad" dan N+-a$ana-. 2010)/ P+*d! a!-"+ Aa, M+n" Fruity ,%,""!" n"a" d%n$"ta$ +ata9+ata $%&%$a+ 1.0<01 ',/ N"a" d%n$"ta$ t%+t"n''" t%+daat ada $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A0:00. a"t $%&%$a+ 1.0<1 ',/ S%dan'!an n"a" d%n$"ta$ t%+%nda-t%+daat ada $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A21:<. a"t $%&%$a+ 1.0436 ',/ S%"$"- n"a" d%n$"ta$ ada $a,% +*d! an' d"#" a"t $%!"ta+ 0.000290.004< ',/ S">at >"$"! $a,% +*d! nt! $%t"a "atch $ta&" dan t"da! ada %+&%daan an' $"'n">"!an ada $">at *+'an*%t"!. $-. H. $%d",%nta$" dan
d%n$"ta$/ Ha t%+$%&t ,%nn#!!an &a-=a $%+- +*$%$ +*d!$". t%+,a$! +*$%$ t%+,a t%a- $%+a'a, nt! $%t"a "atch&
B%+da$a+!an -a$" ana"$"$ an' t%a- d"a!$ana!an. d"daat &a-=a $">at >"$"! +*d! $da- $ta&"/ T"da! ada %+&%daan an' $"'n">"!an da+" $%t"a "atch $a,% +*d!. $%-"n''a daat d"$",!an &a-=a $%+- +*$%$ +*d!$" ada $%t"a "atch. t%+,a$! d" daa,na +*$%$ #i1ing, -*,*'%n"$a$" dan +*$%$ t%+,a. t%a- $%+a'a, dan t"da! ,%n%&a&!an %+&%daan ada =a+na. +a$a. a+*,a. H. $%d",%nta$" dan d%n$"ta$ da+" $a,% +*d! an' d"ana"$"$/
IV.5 E?a'+a$ K%@+,+a! P"#$%$ T%"&a' P"#+, A'a& M+"! Fruity
Eaa$" !%;!an +*$%$ t%+,a ada $at +*d! ,%+a!an -a an' %nt"n' nt! ,%n%nt!an aa!a- $at d"$a"n +*$%$ t%+,a $da- ;! nt!
,%,a$t"!an "na!t"a$" &a!t%+" ata $*+a an' t"da! d""n'"n!an/ Eaa$" daat d"t%nt!an &%+da$a+!an -a$" %+-"tn'an n"a" $t%+""ta$ (*) da+" +*$%$ t%+,a an' d"a!!an/ Aa&"a n"a" * +*$%$ an' d"%+*%- da+" -a$" %n'!+an %n%t+a$" ana$ %&"- &%$a+ da+" n"a" * $tanda+. ,a!a +*$%$ t%+,a an' d"a!!an t%a- ,%n;!"/ S%dan'!an aa&"a n"a" * +*$%$ !+an' da+" *
$tanda+. ,a!a +*$%$ t%+,a t"da! t%+;aa" (under process)/
Ta-aan +*$%$ nt! ,%n%nt!an n"a" * da+" -a$" %n'!+an %n%t+a$" ana$ t%+d"+" ata$ ,%n'-"tn' * $tanda+. ,%n'-"tn' n"a" letal rate (LR). ,%n'-"tn' n"a" * +*$%$. dan ,%na+"! !%$",an !%;!an +*$%$ ana$ d%n'an ,%,&and"n'!an n"a" * +*$%$ d%n'an n"a" * $tanda+/ B%+"!t "n" ,%+a!an !*nd"$" $tanda+ an' d"'na!an daa, +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" dan +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d" PT ISAM:
Ta%' 4. K#!$ S-a!a" P"#$%$ S-%"'$a$ a! Pa$-%+"$a$ P"#$%$ T%"&a' T"% D S,'+$ F# $-a!a" M,"##"a!$&% Ta"%-St%+""$a$" 2<0* 0.2< ,%n"t 13 * 12 ,%n"t (& "otulinu# Pa$t%+"$a$" 2<0* 0.2< ,%n"t <0 * < 1.< ,%n"t (& "otulinu# 243* 1.1 ,%n"t 63 * < <.< ,%n"t B& su"tilis S,&%+: PT ISAM (201<)
T+%> ata $- +%>%+%n$" ,%+a!an $- $tanda+ an' d"'na!an ada +*$%$ t%+,a/ S- $tanda+ an' d"'na!an nt! +*$%$ t%+,a &%+'antn' ada #%n"$ ,"!+**+'an"$,% ta+'%t an' "n'"n d"&n-/ S- $tanda+ an' d"'na!an nt! +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" d%n'an ,"!+**+'an"$,% ta+'%t (& "otulinu# adaa- 2<0* (121.1*@)/ S- $tanda+ an' d"'na!an nt! +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*+'an"$,% ta+'%t (& "otulinu# adaa- 2<0* (121.1*@). $%dan'!an $- $tanda+ nt! +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*+'an"$,% ta+'%t B& su"tilis adaa-243* (120*@)/ A+t"na. =a!t +*$%$ nt! ,%n#a,"n ,"!+**+'an"$,% t%a-d"&n- -"n''a %% an' a,an t%+#ad" ada $- !*n$tan 2<0* (121.1*@) ada $t%+""$a$" dan 2<0* (121.1*@) $%+ta 243* (120*@) ada a$t%+"$a$"/
Aa&"a $%#,a- ,"!+*&a d"ana$!an ada $- (T) !*n$tan t%+t%nt. $%&a'"an ,"!+*&a a!an ,%n'aa," !%,at"an/ S%,a!"n a,a %,ana$an. $%,a!"n &ana! ,"!+*&a an' ,%n'aa," !%,at"an. $%-"n''a #,a- ,"!+*&a an' &%+ta-an -"d a!an ,%n+n $%;a+a *'a+"t,"$ (Ha+"ad". 2006)/
Ga&a" 7. K+"?a K%&a-a! M,"#a ,a"%!a P%&a!a$a! S+&%" Ha"a (2007)
S%t"a ,"!+*&a ,%,na" $">at !%ta-anan ana$ ada $- t%+t%nt an' &%+&%da9&%da/ Ka+a!t%+"$t"! !%ta-anan ana$ d"nata!an d%n'an n"a" D dan n"a" / N"a" D adaa- =a!t %,ana$an ada $- !*n$tan t%+t%nt an' a!an ,%n%&a&!an %n'+an'an *a$" ,"!+*&a da+" 10000 ,%n#ad" 1000. an' &%+a+t" ,%,$na-!an 0 *a$" ata ,%n+n!an #,a- &a!t%+" $%&ana! 1
$"!$ *'a+"t,a/
N"a" D $at ,"!+*&a $an'at d"%n'a+-" *%- $- %,ana$an. d",ana $%,a!"n t"n''" $- %,ana$an. ,a!a n"a" D a!an $%,a!"n !%;" dan ,%n+n $%;a+a *'a+"t,"!/ K*n$tanta an' ,%nn#!!an %n'a+- $- t%+-ada %+&a-an n"a" D d"nata!an d%n'an n"a" . a"t %+&%daan $- %,ana$an an' ,%n%&a&!an t%+#ad"na %+&a-an n"a" D $%&%$a+ 1 d%$",a (1 $"!$ *')/ S%&a'a" ;*nt*-. n"a" &a!t%+" (lostridiu# "otulinu# adaa- 10*@. a+t"na d%n'an ,%na"!!an $- $%&%$a+ 10*@ ,a!a n"a" D &a!t%+" "t a!an &%+!+an' $%&%$a+ 09na ata 1 $"!$ *'a+"t,a (Ha+"ad". 2006)/
Ga&a" 8. P%!a"+* P%"+a*a! S+*+ P%&a!a$a! -%"*aa N'a D S+&%" Ha"a (2007)
La# %n+nan #,a- ,"!+*&a *%- ana$ -"n''a %% an' a,an ,%n'"!t" *+d% 1 ata ,%n+n $%;a+a *'a+"t,"!/ S%;a+a ,at%,at"$ %n+nan #,a- ,"!+*&a ata $"!$ *'a+"t,a %n+nan ,"!+*&a (S) d"nata!an d%n'an %+$a,aan &%+"!t:
S=log
N o N t
d",ana Nt adaa- #,a- *a$" ,"!+*&a $%t%a- +*$%$ t%+,a t ,%n"t dan N*
adaa- #,a- *a$" ,"!+*&a $%&%, +*$%$ t%+,a (K$nanda+ et al&. 2006)/ B%+da$a+!an !*nd"$" $tanda+ an' d"'na!an. d"!%ta-" &a-=a #,a-$"!$ *'a+"t,"! (S) nt! +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" dan +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" $%;a+a &%++tan adaa- 12 dan </ Ha "n" &%+a+t" &a-=a t%a- t%+#ad" %n'+an'an $%&ana! 12 d%$",a ata $%&%$a+ 12 $"!$ *'a+"t,a ada +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" dan t%+#ad" %n'+an'an $%&ana! < d%$",a ata $%&%$a+ < $"!$ *'a+"t,a ada +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$"/ Ka+%na nt! ,%a!!an %n'+an'an $%&ana! 1 d%$",a (1 $"!$ *'a+"t,a) d"%+!an =a!t $%&%$a+ D (nt! $- t%+t%nt). ,a!a +*$%$
nt! ,%n'-a$"!an *' (N*Nt) 12 dan *' (N*Nt) < t%+$%&t $a,a d%n'an 12D (12 $"!$ *'a+"t,a) dan <D (< $"!$ *'a+"t,a)/
K*n$% 12D ,%+a!an !*n$% an' ,, d"'na!an daa, $t%+""$a$" !*,%+$"a nt! ,%n'"na!t">!an ,"!+**+'an"$,% an' &%+&a-aa. a"t (lostridiu# "otulinu#/ A+t" 12D d" $"n" adaa- &a-=a +*$%$ t%+,a an' d"a!!an daat ,%n'+an'" ,"!+*&a $%&%$a+ 12 $"!$ *'a+"t,a ata 12D/ B%+da$a+!an !*nd"$" $tanda+ an' d"'na!an. &a!t%+" (& "otulinu# ,%,""!" n"a" D121.10.2< ,%n"t. ,a!a n"a" $t%+""$a$" (*) d%n'an ,%n%+a!an !*n$% 12D -a+$ %!"a%n d%n'an %,ana$an ada 121.1*@ $%a,a ,%n"t/ Aa&"a +*d! an'an ,%n'andn' 10 ;>, ,"!+*&a a=a. ,a!a $%t%a- ,%%=at" +*$%$ 12D
t%+$%&t. ,a!a %an' ,"!+*&a an' t%+$"$a adaa- 109 ;>,/ 12D #'a daat d"a+t"!an &a-=a da+" $%&ana! 1012 +*d!. -ana 1 +*d! an' &%+%an' ,%n'andn' $*+a (& "otulinu#/
DA ,%n%ta!an &a-=a nt! ,%n;aa" t"n'!at $t%+""$a$" !*,%+$"a an' t%+#a,"n. #,a- &a!t%+" daa, +*d! an'an $%t%a- $t%+""$a$" -a+$ ,%n;aa" 109 ;>, (a+t"na. %an' !%&$!an adaa- 1 %+ 1 ,"a+ !a%n')/ D%n'an d%,"!"an. !*n$% 12D daat d"t%+a!an daa, +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" aa&"a #,a-a=a ,"!+*&a t"da! ,%%&"-" 10 ;>, (K$nanda+ et al&. 2006)/
K*n$% <D &ana! d"t%+a!an nt! +*d! an'an an' d"a$t%+"$a$". !a+%na ta+'%t ,"!+*&a an' d"&n- %&"- +%nda- d"&and"n' ada +*d! an' d"$t%+""$a$" !*,%+$"a/ Daa, !*n$% <D d"t%+a!an < $"!$ *'a+"t,a. an' a+t"na t%a- t%+#ad" %n'+an'an $%&ana! < d%$",a ata %,&n-an ,"!+*&a ,%n;aa" ./ D%n'an !ata a"n %,ana$an ada $- dan =a!t t%+t%nt t%a- ,%n'"na!t"a$" ,"!+**+'an"$,% &%+&a-aa $%&ana! < d%$",a ata %an'
t%+#ad"na !%&$!an ,a!anan daa, +*d! adaa- $%&%$a+ 109</ B%+da$a+!an !*nd"$" $tanda+. d"'na!an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t nt! a$t%+"$a$" an' ,%,""!" n"a" D2<01.< ,%n"t dan D243<.< ,%n"t. ,a!a n"a" * d%n'an ,%n%+a!an !*n$% <D -a+$ %!"a%n d%n'an %,ana$an ada $- 2<0* (121.1*@) $%a,a 2.< ,%n"t dan 243* (120*@) $%a,a <.< ,%n"t/
N"a" * ($- $tanda+) $t%+""$a$" adaa- :
* SD* 120.2< ,%n"t N"a" * ($- $tanda+) a$t%+"$a$" adaa- :
((& "otulinu#) * SD* <0.2< 1.< ,%n"t ( B& su"tilis) * SD* <1.1 <.< ,%n"t
Eaa$" !%;!an +*$%$ t%+,a +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity d"a!!an t%+-ada $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch dan tan''a +*d!$" an' &%+&%da/ Eaa$" !%;!an +*$%$ t%+,a $a,% +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity
daat d""-at ada Ta&% < dan Ta&% 6/
Ta%' 5. E?a'+a$ K%@+,+a! P"#$%$ S-%"'$a$
Ta!a' P"#+,$ !atch T S-%"'$a$ (#F) T"%(#F) (#F) LR "ol#i$% ti& (%-,) F C LR-(&%!-) R%,#&%!a$ 006201< A01A 251.4 2<0 13 1<.4436 2< 6.45 P+*$%$ $t%+""$a$" ,%n;!" 005201< A01A 251.4 2<0 13 1<.4436 2< 6.45 P+*$%$ $t%+""$a$" ,%n;!" 0405201< A01A 25.2 2<0 13 1.4436 2< 3.104 P+*$%$ $t%+""$a$" ,%n;!" S,&%+: D*!,%nta$" +"&ad" (201<)
N"a" LR adaa- %>%! %ta"ta$ ada $- t%+t%nt d"&and"n'!an d%n'an $- $tanda+/ N"a" LR $at +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" daat d"-"tn' d%n'an ,%n'!*n%+$"!an =a!t +*$%$ ada $-9$- t%+t%nt !% =a!t %!"a%n ada $- $tanda+/ S%;a+a ,at%,at"$. n"a" LR d"-"tn' d%n'an %+$a,aan &%+"!t:
LR=10
T −T ref
Z
N"a" %ta +at% ada $- $tanda+ (,"$a 2<0* nt! +*$%$ $t%+""$a$") adaa- 1/ Pada $- $- $tanda+. ,a!a n"a" LR1. $%dan'!an &"a $- Q $- $tanda+. ,a!a n"a" LRQ1 (K$nanda+ et al&. 2006)/
N"a" LR $t%+""$a$" $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 Jn" 201< adaa- : LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 271,4−250 16 =15,4486
N"a" LR $t%+""$a$" $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 J" 201< adaa- : LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 271,4−250 16 =15,4486
N"a" LR $t%+""$a$" $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 04 J" 201< adaa- : LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 273,2−250 16 =19,4486
Unt! ,%n'-"tn' =a!t +*$%$ ata n"a" * +*$%$ ada $- a"n. ,a!a daat d"'na!an +,$ $%&a'a" &%+"!t:
N"a" * +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 Jn" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=15,4486∗25
60 =6,437menit
N"a" * +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 J" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=15,4486∗25
60 =6,437menit
N"a" * +*$%$ $t%+""$a$" $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 04 J" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=19,4486∗25
60 =8,104menit
B%+da$a+!an -a$" %+-"tn'an. * +*$%$ an' d"%+*%- $%an#tna d"&and"n'!an d%n'an * $tanda+/ S%t%a- d"&and"n'!an. d"!%ta-" &a-=a n"a" *
+*$%$ !%t"'a $a,% +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity t%+a &%$a+ da+" *$tanda+/ Ha t%+$%&t ,%nn#!!an &a-=a +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ada !%t"'a $a,% +*d! t%+$%&t t%a- ,%n;!"/ P+*$%$ t%+,a d"!ata!an ,%n;!" &%+a+t" +*$%$ t%+,a an' d"+an;an' ,%n#a,"n "na!t"a$" ,"!+*&a ta+'%t ((& "otulinu#)/
Ta%' 7. E?a'+a$ K%@+,+a! P"#$%$ Pa$-%+"$a$ (M,"#a Ta"%- C' (otuli$u&) Ta!a' P"#+,$ !atch T Pa$-%+"$a$ (#F) T"% (#F) (#F) LR "o#i$% Ti& (&%!-) F C LR-(&%!-) R%,#&%!a$ 006201< A01A 15.6 2<0 <0 0.03<4 13.2 1.640 P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ,%n;!" 005201< A01A 200.601 2<0 <0 0.1023 13.13 1.36 P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ,%n;!" 0405201< A01A 200.601 2<0 <0 0.1023 13. 1.334 P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ,%n;!" S,&%+: D*!,%nta$" +"&ad" (201<)
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t (& "otulinu# nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 Jn" 201< adaa- :
LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 197,6−250 50 =0,08954
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t (& "otulinu# nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 J" 201< adaa- :
LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 200,601−250 50 =0,1028
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t (& "otulinu# nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 04 J" 201< adaa- :
LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 200,601−250 50 =0,1028
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" !%t"'a $a,% +*d! an' d"%+*%- !%,d"an daat d"'na!an nt! ,%n'-"tn' n"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$"/
N"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t (& "otulinu# nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 Jn" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=0,08954∗18,32=1,640menit
N"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t (& "otulinu# nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 J" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=0,1028∗18,18=1,869menit
N"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t (& "otulinu# nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 04 J" 201< adaa- :
B%+da$a+!an -a$" %+-"tn'an. * +*$%$ an' d"%+*%- $%an#tna d"&and"n'!an d%n'an * $tanda+/ S%t%a- d"&and"n'!an. d"!%ta-" &a-=a n"a" *
+*$%$ !%t"'a $a,% +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity %&"- &%$a+ da+" *$tanda+/ Ha t%+$%&t ,%nn#!!an &a-=a +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ada !%t"'a $a,% +*d! t%+$%&t t%a- ,%n;!"/ P+*$%$ t%+,a d"!ata!an ,%n;!" &%+a+t" +*$%$ t%+,a an' d"+an;an' ,%n#a,"n "na!t"a$" ,"!+*&a ta+'%t ((& "otulinu#)/
Ta%' 8. E?a'+a$ K%@+,+a! P"#$%$ Pa$-%+"$a$ (M,"#a Ta"%- !' )u(tili)) Ta!a' P"#+,$ !atch T Pa$-%+"$a$ (#F) T"% (#F) (#F) LR "o#i$% Ti& (&%!-) F C LR-(&%!-) R%,#&%!a$ 006201< A01A 15.6 243 63 0.13143 13.2 .2< P+*$%$ t"da! a$t%+"$a$" ,%n;!" 005201< A01A 200.601 243 63 0.2003 13.13 .6<2 P+*$%$ t"da! a$t%+"$a$" ,%n;!" 0405201< A01A 200.601 243 63 0.2003 13. .632 P+*$%$ t"da! a$t%+"$a$" ,%n;!" S,&%+: D*!,%nta$" +"&ad" (201<)
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t B& su"tilis nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 Jn" 201< adaa- :
LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 197,6−2 48 68 =0,18148
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t B& su"tilis nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 J" 201< adaa- :
LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 200,601−2 48 68 =0,20089
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t B& su"tilis nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 04 J" 201< adaa- :
LR=10 T −T ref Z =10 200,601−248 68 =0,20089
N"a" LR a$t%+"$a$" !%t"'a $a,% +*d! an' d"%+*%- !%,d"an daat d"'na!an nt! ,%n'-"tn' n"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$"/
N"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t B& su"tilis nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 Jn" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=0,18148∗18,32=3,325menit
N"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t B& su"tilis nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 0 J" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=0,20089∗18,18=3,652menit
N"a" * +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" d%n'an ,"!+*&a ta+'%t B& su"tilis nt! $a,% +*d! d%n'an n*,*+ "atch A01A dan tan''a +*d!$" 04 J" 201< adaa- :
F o proses=0,20089∗18,33=3,682menit
B%+da$a+!an -a$" %+-"tn'an. * +*$%$ an' d"%+*%- $%an#tna d"&and"n'!an d%n'an * $tanda+/ S%t%a- d"&and"n'!an. d"!%ta-" &a-=a n"a" *
+*$%$ !%t"'a $a,% +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity %&"- !%;" da+" * $tanda+/ Ha t%+$%&t ,%nn#!!an &a-=a +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ada !%t"'a $a,% +*d! t%+$%&t t"da! ,%n;!" (under process)/ Na,n. -a t%+$%&t daat d"&anta-d%n'an >a!ta &a-=a H *t",, nt! %+t,&-an B& su"tilis adaa- $%!"ta+ <.96.4. $%dan'!an H +*d! Aa, M+n" Fruity adaa- $%!"ta+ 4.1<94.21/ Ma!a. daat d"a$t"!an &a-=a B& su"tilis t"da! daat t,&- ada !*nd"$" H t%+$%&t/
V. KESIMPULAN
B%+da$a+!an -a$" P+a!t"! K%+#a Laan'an (PKL) an' t%a- d"a!$ana!an. daat d"$",!an &a-=a:
• Pa$t%+"$a$" $$ $%'a+ ,%n''na!an ,%t*d% HTST dan t%+#ad" ada Plate 0eat -1changer (PHE) an' &%+!aa$"ta$ 4<0094300 "t%+#a, d%n'an +"n$" "nda- ana$ !*nd!$" dan !*n%!$" anta+a +*d! dan a"+ ana$ stea#&
• St%+""$a$" +*d! ,%n''na!an ,%t*d% UHT dan t%+#ad" ada UHT Nan-a an' &%+!aa$"ta$ <000 "t%+#a, d%n'an +"n$" "nda- ana$
t&a+ anta+a +*d! dan a"+ ana$&
• Pa$t%+"$a$" +*d! ,%n''na!an ,%t*d% "atch dan t%+#ad" ada Pasteuri4er an' &%+!aa$"ta$ 25000 &*t*#a, d%n'an +"n$" "nda- ana$ !*n%!$" anta+a +*d! dan a"+ ana$a"+ d"n'"n&
• S%+- +*$%$ +*d!$" (t%+,a$! +*$%$ t%+,a) t%a- $%+a'a, nt! $%t"a "atch, $%-"n''a t"da! ,%n%&a&!an %+&%daan an' $"'n">"!an ada $">at *+'an*%t"!. $-. H. $%d",%nta$" dan d%n$"ta$ +*d!/
• P+*$%$ $t%+""$a$" ada !%t"'a $a,% +*d! t%a- ,%n;!" dan daat ,%n#a,"n "na!t"a$" ,"!+*&a ta+'%t ((& "otulinu#)/
• P+*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ada !%t"'a $a,% +*d! t%a- ,%n;!" dan daat ,%n#a,"n "na!t"a$" ,"!+*&a ta+'%t ((& "otulinu#)/
• M%$!" +*$%$ a$t%+"$a$" ada !%t"'a $a,% +*d! t"da! ,%n;!" nt! ,"!+*&a ta+'%t B& su"tilis. na,n daat d"a$t"!an &a-=a ,"!+*&a t%+$%&t t"da! daat t,&- ada !*nd"$" H 4.1<94.21/
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Badan Standa+d"$a$" Na$"*na/ 12/ SNI 19246912 (B*t* Pa$t"! nt! Ba-an Ma!anan dan O&at)/ Aaila"le at -tt:$"$n"/&$n/'*/"d (d"a!$%$ ada 24 J" 201<)/
/ 1</ SNI 019022291< (Ba-an Ta,&a-an Ma!anan)/ Aaila"le at -tt:$"$n"/&$n/'*/"d (d"a!$%$ ada 25 J" 201<)/ / 13/ SNI 019141913 (S$ S%'a+)/ Aaila"le
at -tt:$"$n"/&$n/'*/"d (d"a!$%$ ada 25 J" 201<)/
/ 2001/ SNI 01914092001 (Ga K+"$ta Pt"-)/ Aaila"le at -tt:$"$n"/&$n/'*/"d (d"a!$%$ ada 25 J" 201<)/
/ 2006/ SNI 01925092006 (S$ B&!)/ Aaila"le at -tt:$"$n"/&$n/'*/"d (d"a!$%$ ada 25 J" 201<)/
/ 200/ SNI 5<<29200 (M"n,an S$ %+,%nta$" B%+%+"$a)/ Aaila"le at -tt:$"$n"/&$n/'*/"d (d"a!$%$ ada 25 J" 201<)/ BPOM RI/ 200/ P+*d! Oa-an S$/ Aaila"le at ===/*,/'*/"d (d"a!$%$
ada 5 J" 201<)/
Buckle. K/ A/. R/ A/ Ed=a+d$. G/ H/ %%t and M/ 7**tt*n/ 89:; / I, Pan'an/ Un"%+$"ta$ Ind*n%$"a. Ja!a+ta/
@-$n"at". S/ 12/ M%n'%ta-" T"n'!at P%n;%,a+an +taphylococcus aureus da+" A"+ S$ Pa$t%+"$a$" an' B%+%da+ d" S+a&aa dan S%!"ta+na/