• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.1 Kesimpulan

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa jenis protozoa yang ditemukan pada darah dan saluran pencernaan biawak air adalah

Haemogregarina sp. dan Eimeria sp.

6.2 Saran

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dasar berupa sebuah proses identifikasi. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengetahui protozoa pada biawak air yang belum ditemukan, serta untuk identifikasi yang lebih spesifik hingga ke tingkat spesies dengan PCR dan sekuensing.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[AAZV] American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. 2013. Haemogregarines of Reptiles.www.aazv.org/resource/resmgr/IDM/IDM_Hemogregarines_of_R eptil.pdf. [8 Juli 2019]

Abdel-Aziz, A., F. M. Abou-Senna, M. A. Abdel-Gawad, and M. F. A. El-Nour. 2019. A new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the desert monitor, Varanus griseus griseus (Lacertilia: Varanidae). www.researchgate.net /publication/334224688. [8 Agustus 2019].

Al-Farraj, S. 2008. Light and electron microscopic study on a Haemogregarina sp. infecting viper cerastes cerastes gasperitti from Saudi Arabia. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 11: 141-142

Banks, R. C. 2004. Varanus indicus (Daudin, 1802). http://www.itis.gov/servlet/ SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_vaval=174116. [1 Desember 2018].

Bannert, B., E. Lux, and J. Sedlaczek. 1995. Studies on endo and ectoparasites of Canarian Lizards. Sci. Herp. 1995: 293–296.

Barten, S.L. 1996. Section II lizards. Di dalam: Mader D. R., editor. Reptile Medicine and Surgery. W.B. Saunders Company. USA: 48-49, 52.

Bennett, D. 2007. Varanus indicus (reptile). http://www.issg.org/database/spesies/ecology.asp?si=1065&fr=1&sts=&lan g=EN. [22 September 2018].

Bennett, D and S.S. Sweet. 2010. Varanus indicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/178416/0. [22 September 2018].

Beauty, E.O., U.N. Uchechukwu, S.U. Chukwuneke and O.O. Francis. 2014. Comparative diagnostic techniques for Cryptosporidium infection. J. Molecules. 19: 2674-2683.

Carmena, D. 2010. Waterborne transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia: detection, surveillance and implications for public health. Di dalam: Méndez-Vilas, editor. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology 1. Formatex

34

Chia, M. Y., C. R. Jeng, S. H. Hsiao, A. H. Lee, C. Y. Chen and V. F. Pang. 2009. Entamoeba invadens myositis in a common water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator). Vet. Pathol. 46: 673–676.

[CITES] Convention of International Trade in Endangered Spesies of Wild Fauna and Flora. 2013. Appendices I, II, III. http:// www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php. [1 Oktober 2018].

Cook, C. A., E. C. Netherlands, and N. J. Smit. 2016. Redescription, molecular characterisation and taxonomic re-evaluation of a unique African monitor lizard haemogregarine Karyolysus paradoxa (Dias, 1954) n. comb. (Karyolysidae). Parasite Vect. 9(1): 347.

Dalton, C., R. Hoffman and J. Pope. 1995. Iguana-associated salmonellosis in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 14: 319–320.

DeNardo, D. F. 1996. Reproductive biology. Di dalam: Mader D. R., editor. Reptile Medicine and Surgery. W.B. Saunders Co. USA. p. 212-214, 220, 223-224, 370-371.

Dubey, J. P. 1972. A simplified method for isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from the faces of cats. J. Parasitol. 58: 1005-1007.

El-Nahas, H. A., D. A. Salem, A. A. El-Henawy, H. I. El-Nimr, H. A. Abdel-Ghaffar, and A. M. El-Meadawy. 2013. Giardia diagnostic methods in human fecal samples: A comparative study. Clinic. Cytomet. 84B(1): 44-49.

Hanafiah, M., H. D. Alfiansyah, A. Sayuti. 2018. Identifikasi parasit pada biawak air (Varanus salvator). Jurnal Sain Veteriner. 36(1): 24-31.

Hardiansyah, F. S. N. 2014. Protozoa Parasitik Darah dan saluran pencernaan pada ular sawah (Ptyas corros) di kabupaten Ngawi. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Hulu, A. 2011. Rendang biawak, kuliner ekstrem nan lezat. http://www.nias- bangkit.com/2011/04/rendang-biawak-kuliner-ekstrem-nan-lezat/. [21 September 2011].

Iyai, D.A. dan F. Pattiselanno. 2006. Diversitas dan ekologi biawak (Varanus

indicus) di pulau pepaya taman nasional teluk cenderawasih, Irian Jaya

Barat. Biodiversitas. 7(2):181-186.

35

Jacobson, E. R. 1983. Parasitic diseases of reptiles. Di dalam: Krik R. W., editor. Current Veterinary Therapy 8: Small Animal Practice. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia. p. 601.

Jòzsef, Özvegy, M. Darko, V. Miloš , G.Bojan , S. Jevrosima ,K. Dejan, A. K. Sanja. 2015. Cytological and molecular identification of Haemogregarina

stepanowi in blood samples of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis)

from quarantine at Belgrade Zoo. Acta Vet. Beograd. 65 (4): 443-453. Kahn, C.M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10th Ed. Merck &

Co., Inc. USA. p. 1768.

Keymer, I. F. 1981. Protozoa in Diseases of Reptiles. Vol. 1, Cooper JE and Jackson OF (Eds.). Academic Press. New York. p. 169.

Koch, A., M. Auliya, A. Schmitz, U. Kuch and W. Böhme. 2007. Morphological studies on the systematics of Southeast Asian water monitors (Varanus

salvator complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. J.

Mertensiella. 16: 109–180.

Levine, N. D. 1990. Buku Pelajaran Parasitologi Veteriner (terjemahan). Alih bahasa: G. Ashadi. Buku Pelajaran Parasitologi Veteriner. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. p. 147 -150, 420-424, 521.

Levine, N. D. 1995. Protozoologi Veteriner (terjemahan). Alih bahasa: Soekardono, S. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.

Mader, D. R. 1996. Section IV Medicine Parasitology. Di dalam: Mader D. R., editor. Reptile Medicine and Surgey. W.B. Saunders Company. USA. p. 343-364.

Mardiastuti, A. dan T. Soehartono. 2003. Perdagangan reptil Indonesia di pasar internasional dalam konservasi amfibi dan reptil di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. p.131-144.

Martinez, I. and F.M Belda. 2001. Contribution To The Laboratory Diagnosis Of Human Cryptosporidiosis. Institute Tropical Medicine. Sao Paulo. p.79-82. Murray, M.J. 1996. Section VI specific diseases and conditions pneumonia and

36

Morgan-Ryan, U.M., A. Fall, L.A. Ward, N. Hijjawi, I. Sulaiman, R. Fayer, R.C. Thompson, M. Olson, A. Lal and L. Xiao. 2002. Cryptosporidium hominis sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from Homo sapiens. J. Eu. Microbiol. 49: 433–440.

Natadisastra, D. dan R. Agoes. 2009. Parasitologi Kedokteran Ditinjau dari Organ Tubuh yang Diserang. EGC. Jakarta.

Prabayuda, F. D. 2017. Identifikasi Cryptosporidium sp. pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator) yang didapat di Surabaya [Tesis]. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universitas Airlangga.

Rabie, S. A. H. and A. A. Hussein. 2014. A description of haemogregarina species naturally infecting white-spotted gecko (Tarentola annularis) in Qena, Egypt. 44(2): 351-358.

Ramadhan, R.A. 2011. Ragam Jenis Ektoparasit dan Manajemen Penangkaran Biawak [Skripsi]. Fakultas Kehutanan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Raś-Noryńska, M. and R. Sokół. 2015. Internal parasites of reptiles. Ann. Parasitol. 61(2): 115-117.

Roberts, L.S., J. Janovy, D. S. Gerald, S. Larry and Roberts. 2005. Foundations of Parasitology. 7th. The Mc Graw- Hill Companies. New York. p. 141.

Robinson G., K. Elwin, R. M. Chalmers. 2008. Unusual Cryptosporidium Genotypes in Human Cases of Diarrhea. Emer. Infect. Dis. 14: 1800-1802. Shazly, M. A. 1994. Electron microscopic studies on the Gamogony and

sporogony of Hepatozoon najae n. comb, inside the vector Culex pipiens. J. Egypt Ger. Soc. Zool. 195-211.

Shine, R., P.S. Harlow, J.S. Keogh, and Boeadi. 1996. Commercial harvesting of giant lizards: the biology of water monitors Varanus salvator in Southern Sumatra. Biol. Cons. 77: 125-134.

Sopha, P. 2018. Risiko Penularan Zoonosis Parasitik pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Hewan. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323768393. [8 Agustus 2019].

Sinambela A. H. 2008. Cryptosporidiosis. US e-Respository. Departemen Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara.

37

Smith, S. 2009. Cryptosporidiosis. Parasites and Pestilence. HumBio: 153.

Steel, R. 1996. Living Dragons. a Natural History of the World’s Monitor Lizards. Ralph Curtis Books, Sanibel Island.

Subronto. 2006. Penyakit Infeksi Parasit dan Mikroba pada Anjing dan Kucing. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.

Suwanti, L. T., N. D. R. Lastuti, Mufasirin, dan E. Suprihati. 2011. Petunjuk dan Laporan Praktikum Ilmu Penyakit Protozoa. Departemen Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.

Tampubolon, M. P. 2004. Protozoologi. Pusat Studi Ilmu Hayati Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Taylor, M.A., R. L. Coop, and R. L. Wall. 2007. Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. UK. p. 798.

Tomé, B., A. Pereira, D. J. Harris, M. A. Carretero, and A. Perera. 2019. A paradise for parasites? Seven new haemogregarine species infecting lizards from the Canary Islands. J. Parasitol. 1–12.

Upton, S. J., and C. A. Zien. 1997. Description of a Giardia varani-like flagellate from a water monitor, Varanus salvator, from Malaysia. J. Parasitol. 83(5): 970.

Wilson, B. 2010. Lizards. Di dalam: Ballard BM, Cheek R, editor. Exotic Animal Medicine for the Veterinary Technician. 2nd. Blackwell Publishing Professional. UK. p. 76-84, 87-90, 104-106.

Wilson S. C. and J. W. Carpenter. 1996. Endoparasitic diseases of reptiles. Seminars Avian Exo. Pet Med. 5: 64-74.

Yudhastuti, R. 2012. Penyakit Bersumber Binatang dan Pengendaliannya. Pustaka Melati. Surabaya. p. 5.

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1. Data Jenis Protozoa pada Biawak Air.

No. Biawak

Jenis Protozoa

Darah Saluran pencernaan

1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 Haemogregarina sp. - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 Haemogregarina sp. - 16 Haemogregarina sp. - 17 Haemogregarina sp. - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - -

39 21 Haemogregarina sp. - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - - 25 - - 26 - - 27 - - 28 Haemogregarina sp. - 29 Haemogregarina sp. - 30 - - 31 - - 32 - - 33 - - 34 - Eimeria sp. 35 - - 36 - - 37 - - 38 - - 39 - - 40 - - 41 - - 42 - - 43 - -

40 44 - - 45 - - 46 - - 47 - Eimeria sp. 48 - - 49 - Eimeria sp. 50 - -

Keterangan: (-) Protozoa tidak ditemukan

Dokumen terkait