Pengujian Hari 8
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :
1. Pada jurnal M.Yari dengan judul Sistem kogenerasi baru untuk produksi air dan listrik yang berkelanjutan dengan integrasi still solar dan modul PV mendapat hasil Produksi air maksimum (4,77 kg /m2 · hari) dicapai untuk kedalaman cekungan 0,07 m dan 30 jumlah tabung. Terungkap bahwa untuk fotovoltaik HIT jenis modul daya listrik instan dan harian maksimum adalah 70.48W / m2 dan 483.2 Wh / m2, masing-masing. Juga, energi harian maksimum dan efisiensi eksergi dihitung masing-masing 6,86% dan 16,65%, untuk kedalaman cekungan 0,07 m dan jumlah tabung 10.
2. Untuk pengujian yang alat desalinasi ini dengan penambahan kolektor surya pada evaporator hampir mirip dengan peneliti M.Yari, dkk dapat menghasilkan air bersih sebanyak : untuk hari pertama 6,71 liter, untuk jumlah air pada pengujian hari kedua dengan jumlah 2,27 liter, untuk jumlah air pada pengujian hari ketiga dengan jumlah 7,89 liter, untuk jumlah air pada pengujian hari keempat dengan jumlah 7,34 liter, untuk jumlah air pada pengujian hari kelima dengan jumlah 9,22 liter, untuk jumlah air pada pengujian hari keenam dengan jumlah 5,48 liter, untuk jumlah air pada pengujian hari ketujuh dengan jumlah 7,64, untuk jumlah air pada pengujian hari kedelapan dengan jumlah 5,47 liter.
3. Besarnya energi panas yang dibutuhkan rata-rata sebesar : 8,641 kWh pada hari pertama, 2,945 kWh pada hari kedua,10,124 kWh pada hari ketiga, 9,389 kWh pada hari keempat, 11,781 Kwh pada hari kelima, 7,042 kWh pada hari keenam, 9,769 kWh pada hari ketujuh, dan 7,005 kWh pada hari kedelapan .
4. Besarnya nilai exergy dari hasil perhitungan nilai exergy tertinggi pada pengujian hari pertama pada pukul 12.00 yaitu 225,238 kWh, nilai exergy tertinggi pada pengujian hari kedua pukul 17.00 WIB sebesar 52,332 kWh, nilai exergy tertinggi pada pengujian hari ketiga pukul 13.00 WIB sebesar 13,680 kWh, nilai exergy tertinggi
117
5. pada pengujian hari keempat pukul 11.00 WIB sebesar 6,734 kWh, nilai exergy tertinggi pada pengujian hari kelima pukul 12.00 WIB sebesar 22,218 kWh, nilai exergy tertinggi pada pengujian hari keenam pukul 15.00 WIB sebesar 8,728 kWh, nilai exergy tertinggi pada pengujian hari ketujuh pukul 17.00 WIB sebesar 8,353 kWh, dan nilai exergy tertinggi pada pengujian hari kedelapan pukul 15.00 WIB sebesar 6,712 kWh.
5.2 Saran
Adapun saran untuk kelanjutan penelitian ini :
1. Memvariasikan ketebalan kaca yang menjadi penutup basin dan juga kolektor surya.
2. Menggunakan dan memasang isolator yang lebih baik,sehingga kehilangan panas bisa lebih kecil dan pemanfaatan energi lebih efisien.
3. Menambah sirip pada pipa kolektor surya agar bisa menambah panas yang diserap agar bisa membuat efisiensi semakin besar.
4. Menambah pendingin luar kaca jika menggunakan kolektor surya.
118
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] R.V. Dunkle, Solar water distillation, the roof type solar still and a multi effect diffusion still, International developments in heat transfer, A.S.M.E, Proceedings of International Heat transfer, vol. 5, University of Colorado, 1961, pp. 895–902.
[2] P.I. Cooper, The absorption of solar energy radiation in solar stills, Solar Energy 12 (1969) 333–346.
[3] M.A.S. Malik, G.N. Tiwari, A. Kumar, M.S. Sodha, Solar distillation, 1st edn, Pregamon Press, UK, 1982.
[4] G.N. Tiwari, Recent advances in solar distillation, Contemporary Physics-SolarEnergy and Energy Conservation, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi, India, 1992,(Chapter II).
[5] Rubio Eduardo, L. Jose Fernandez, A. Miguel Porta-Gandara, Modeling thermal asymmetries in double slope solar stills, Renewable Energy 29 (2004) 895–906.
[6] A.K. Tiwari, G.N. Tiwari, Annual performance analysis and thermal modeling of passive solar still for different inclination of condensing cover, IJER 31 (14) (2007)1358–1382.
[7] H.S. Aybar, Mathematical modeling of an inclined solar water distillation system, Desalination 190 (2006) 63–70.
[8] V.K. Dwivedi, G.N. Tiwari, Energy and exergy analysis of single and double slope passive solar still, Trends in Applied Sciences and Research 3 (3) (2008) 225–241.
[9] G.M. Zaki, A. Al-Turki, M. AI-Fatani, Experimental investigation on concentrator assisted solar stills, Solar Energy 11 (1992) 193–199.
[10] H. Tanaka, T. Nosoko, T. Nagata, A highly productive basin type multiple effect coupled solar still, Desalination 130 (2000) 279–293.
[11] H.S. Soliman, Solar still coupled with a solar water heater, vol. 43, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq, 1974.
[12] R. Tripathi, G.N. Tiwari, Effect of water depth on internal heat and mass transfer foractive solar distillation, Desalination 173 (2005) 187–200.
[13] G.N. Tiwari, Vimal Dimri, Usha Singh, Arvind Chel, Bikash Sarkar, Comparative thermal performance evaluation of an active solar distillation system, IJER 31 (2007) 1465–1482.
[14] I. Dincer, The role of exergy in energy policy making, Energy Policy 30 (2002) 137–149.
[15] Lawrence SA, Tiwari GN. Theoretical evaluation of solar distillation under natural circulation with heat exchanger. Energy Convers Manage1990;30:205–13.
[16] Kabeel AE, Omara ZM, Essa FA. Enhancement of modified solar still integrated with external condenser using nanofluids: An experimental approach. Energy Convers Manage 2014;78:493–8.
[17] Elango T, Kannan A, Murugavel KK. Performance study on single basin single
slope solar still with different water nanofluids. Desalination 2015;360:45–51.[6]
Sahota L, Tiwari GN. Effect of Al2O3 NPs on the performance of passive double slope solar still. Sol Energy 2016;130:260–72.
[18] Sahota L, Tiwari GN. Effect of nanofluids on the performance of passive double slope solar still: A comparative study using characteristic curve. Desalination 2016;388:9–
21.
[19] Omara ZM, Kabeel AE, Essa FA. Effect of using nanofluids and providing vacuum on the yield of corrugated wick solar still. Energy Convers Manage 2015;103:965–72.
119
[20] Sharshir SW, Peng G, Wu L, Yang N, Essa FA, Elsheikhd AH, et al. Enhancing the solar still performance using nanofluids and glass cover cooling: Experimental study.
Appl Therm Eng 2017;113:684–93.
[21] Sahota L, Shyam, Tiwari GN. Analytical characteristic equation of nanofluid
loaded active double slope solar still coupled with helically coiled heat exchanger.
Energy Convers Manage 2017;135:308–26.
[22] Saleha SM, Solimanb AM, Sharaf MA, Kaled V, Gadgile B. Influence of solvent in the synthesis of nano-structured ZnO by hydrothermal method and their application in solar-still. J Environ Chem Eng 2017;5:1219–26.
[23]. Himsar Ambarita, Study on the performance of natural vacuum desalination system using low grade heat source 2016
[24]. Eko Yohanes setyawan, Optimasi system desalinasi natural dengan menggunakan solar kolektor
[25] Mahian O, Kianifar A, Heris SZ, Wen D, Sahin AZ, Wongwises S. Nanofluids effects on the evaporation rate in a solar still equipped with a heat Exchanger.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.025.
[26] Baker LH. Film heat transfer coefficients in solar collector tubes at low Reynolds numbers. Sol Energy 1967;11:78–85.
[27] Chen M, He Y, Zhu J, Wenb D. Investigating the collector efficiency of silver nanofluids based direct absorption solar collectors. Appl Energy 2016;181:65–74.
[28] An W, Wua J, Zhu T, Zhu Q. Experimental investigation of a concentrating PV/T collector with Cu9S5 nanofluid spectral splitting filter. Appl Energy 2016;184:197–
206.
[29] Mahian O, Kianifar A, Sahin AZ, Wongwises S. Performance analysis of a minichannel-based solar collector using different nanofluids. Energy Convers Manage 2014;88:129–38.
[30] Mwesigye A, Huan Z, Meyer JP. Thermal performance and entropy generation analysis of a high concentration ratio parabolic trough solar collector with Cu- Therminol VP-1 nanofluid. Energy Convers Manage 2016;120:449–65.
[31] A.E. Kabel, S.A. El-Agouz, Review of researches and developments on solar stills, Desalination, 2011, 276, 1–12.
[32] EL.Sabaey M.Sl,dkk. an experimental study on a new design of double slope solar still with external flatted and internal parabolic reflectors, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 9, Issue 6 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 40-54
[33] H.Ş. Aybar, Mathematical modeling of an inclined solar water distillation system, Desalination 190 (2006) 63–70, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.07.015.
[34] A.G.M. Ibrahim, S.E. Elshamarka, Performance study of a modified basin type solar still, Sol. Energy 118 (2015) 397–409, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.06.
013.
[35] M. Esen, H. Esen, Experimental investigation of a two-phase closed thermosyphon solar water heater, Sol. Energy 79 (2005) 459–468, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
solener.2005.01.001.
[36] M. Esen, Thermal performance of a solar cooker integrated vacuum-tube collector with heat pipes containing different refrigerants, Sol. Energy 76 (2004) 751–757, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.12.009.
120
[37] S. Farahat, F. Sarhaddi, H. Ajham, Exergetic optimization of flat plate solar collectors, Renew. Energy 34 (2009) 1169–1174.
[38] K.M.S. Eldalil, Improving the performance of solar still using vibratory harmonic effect, Desalination 251(1–3) (2010) 3–11.
[39] Shiv Kumar., G.N. Tiwari, Analytical expression for instantaneous exergy efficiency of a shallow basin passive solar still, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 50 (2011) 2543–2549.
[40] Rahul Dev., H.N. Singh, G.N. Tiwari, Characteristic equation of double slope passive solar still, Desalination 267(2–3) (2011) 261–266.
[41] R. Saidur, G. BoroumandJazi, S. Mekhlif, M. Jameel, Exergy analysis of solar energy applications, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16(1) (2012) 350–356.
[42] Amimul Ahsan., Monzur Imteas, Ataur Rahman, Badronnisa Yusuf, T. Fukuhara, Design, fabrication and performance analysis of an improved solar still, Desalination 292 (2012) 105–112.