Analisis statistik
VIII. KESIMPULAN UMUM DAN SARAN
Kesimpulan
1. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh regeneran mutan yang diharapkan solid. Beberapa regeneran mutan muncul tunas lebih cepat dibandingkan regeneran kontrol. Adanya mutan dibuktikan dengan perubahan morfologi, perbedaan struktur anatomi daun dan perubahan pola pita DNA.
2. Tipe regenerasi tanaman manggis in vitro melalui perkecambahan biji, organogenesis langsung dan tidak langsung telah berhasil dikembangkan. Medium optimal untuk induksi kalus nodular adalah MS dengan perlakuan kombinasi 2,2 µM BAP dan 2,27 µM TDZ, sedangkan medium optimum regenerasi tanaman pada medium WPM dengan konsentrasi 2,2 ,2 µM BAP. 3. Iradiasi sinar gamma dapat meningkatkan keragaman fenotipik manggis in vitro. Terjadi perubahan fenotipik/morfologi yang muncul akibat iradiasi sinar gamma,
seperti daun ya ng berukuran kecil, ruang batang yang pendek, dan muncul tunas albino. DR50 diketahui pada dosis iradiasi sinar gamma 25 Gy. Pada dosis
rendah (5 dan 10 Gy) banyak dihasilkan regeneran yang memiliki pertumbuhan lebih cepat dibandingkan kontrol, sedangkan pada dosis lebih dari 30 Gy kalus nodular mengalami kesulitan untuk beregenerasi.
4. Perubahan fenotipik/morfologi akibat iradiasi sinar gamma dapat diamati perubahan anatomi daun (histologi) dengan membuat irisan paradermal dan transversal. Pada umumnya luas stomata regeneran lebih besar dibandingkan kontrol. Begitu juga ukuran kutikula, parenkim palisade, bunga karang dan jumlah berkas pembuluh regeneran lebih tebal dibandingkan kontrol. Regeneran- regeneran tersebut adalah R-5/2, R-5/3, R-5/4, R-10/4, R-15/1, R-15/2, R-15/3, R-25/1, R-30/1 dan R-30/2 berpotentsi sebagai mutan putatif manggis
5. Perubahan fenotipik/mofologi dapat diamati pada tingkatan DNA dengan mengetahui pola pita DNA dengan menggunakan lima primer acak. Regeneran manggis in vitro memperlihatkan pola pita DNA yang bervariasi dibandingkan
kontrol. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa perubahan morfologi merupakan cerminan perubahan DNA. Perubahan fenotipik dapat dianalisis tingkat keragaman genetik berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan marka RAPD. Berdasarkan dendogram analisis RAPD nilai kemiripan genetik antara 60% - 91% atau keragaman genetik 9% - 40%. Sedangkan dendogram analisis morfologi dengan nilai kemiripan genetik 59 % atau keragaman genetik 41 %.
Saran
1. Regeneran-regeneran manggis in vitro mengalami kesulitan dalam berakar, disarankan mencari protokol yang baku untuk induksi perakaran atau dengan teknik lain seperti mikrografting.
2. Untuk meningkatkan peluang diperoleh mutan yang potensial disarankan penggunaan dosis iradiasi sinar gamma 25 Gy dengan meningkatkan jumlah eksplan/kalus nodular.
3. Untuk meningkatkan akurasi dengan marka RAPD disarankan penggunaan primer yang lebih banyak.
4. Untuk analisis anatomi daun disarankan juga pengamatan kloroplas stomata pada regeneran manggis in vitro.
5. Untuk menguji kemungkinan adanya variasi somaklonal perlu uji keragaman lebih dari satu individu regeneran dari kalus nodular tanpa radiasi.
6. Uji keragaman dan identifikasi regeneran perlu dilanjutkan pada tanaman yang telah tumbuh di lapang.
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