BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.3. Keterbatasan Penelitian
Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan biologi tersimpan. Meskipun kemurnian RNA sampel pada penelitian ini tetap baik, tetapi akan lebih baik apabila penelitian menggunakan sampel yang masih segar.
BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1. Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka hal yang dapat disimpulkan:
1. Latihan continuous intensitas sedang meningkatkan ekspresi Ampk α2 sebanyak 1,45 kali dan ekspresi Glut 4 sebanyak 2,39 kali pada tikus galur wistar model DM Tipe-2
2. Latihan continuous intensitas berat meningkatkan ekspresi Ampk α2 sebanyak 1,55 kali dan ekspresi Glut4 sebanyak 2,56 kali pada tikus galur wistar model DM Tipe-2
3. Latihan interval tipe lambat meningkatkan ekspresi Ampk α2 sebanyak 4,41 kali dan ekspresi Glut4 sebanyak 3,76 kali pada tikus galur wistar model DM Tipe-2
4. Latihan interval tipe cepat meningkatkan ekspresi Ampk α2 sebanyak 4,56 kali dan ekspresi Glut4 sebanyak 4,79 kali pada tikus galur wistar model DM Tipe-2
5. Peningkatkan ekspresi Ampk α2 dan Glut 4 paling besar terjadi pada kelompok latihan interval tipe cepat
5.2. Saran
Penelitian selanjutnya perlu menganalisis enzim lain yang berperan dalam jalur bebas insulin yang dimediasi olahraga, seperti CaMK. Penelitian lainnya juga perlu mengeksplorasi protein-protein lain yang berperan dalam translokasi GLUT4 seperti Akt, TBC1D1, dan TBC1D4.
Daftar Pustaka
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Lampiran 1 Surat Persetujuan Komisi Etik
Lampiran 2 Surat Selesai Penelitian di Laboratorium Terpadu FK USU
Lampiran 3
Kemurnian RNA hasil ekstraksi dan cDNA construct dengan 2 steps RT-PCR No. Sampel Konsentrasi RNA Kemurnian RNA
A (260/280)
Lampiran 4
Hasil Real Time PCR Ampk alpha 2 dan Glut 4
No. Sampel ∆Ct Ampk alpha 2 ∆Ct Glut 4
Lampiran 5 Analisis Statistik
1. Rerata Kemurnian Ekstraksi RNA dan hasil konstruksi cDNA
Statistics
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
3. Uji Normalitas ∆Ct Glut4
Tests of Normality
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Statistics
Std. Deviation ,07808 ,01633
4. Uji T Tidak Berpasangan Nilai ∆Ct Ampk alpha 2 pada K1 dan K2
Group Statistics
Kelompok N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Delta Ct AMPK Kelompok 1 5 1,7800 3,74895 1,67658
Kelompok 2 5 1,2440 1,37431 ,61461
5. Uji Mann-Whitney Nilai ∆Ct Glut 4 pada K1 dan K2
Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Delta Ct Glut4 Kelompok 1 5 5,00 25,00
Kelompok 2 5 6,00 30,00
Total 10
Test Statisticsa
Delta Ct Glut4
Mann-Whitney U 10,000
Wilcoxon W 25,000
Z -,522
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,602
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,690b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok
b. Not corrected for ties.
6. Uji T Tidak Berpasangan Nilai ∆Ct Ampk alpha 2 pada K1 dan K3
Group Statistics
Kelompok N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Delta Ct AMPK Kelompok 1 5 1,7800 3,74895 1,67658
Kelompok 3 5 1,1480 1,37311 ,61407
7. Uji Mann-Whitney Nilai ∆Ct Glut 4 pada K1 dan K3
Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Delta Ct Glut4 Kelompok 1 5 5,60 28,00
Kelompok 3 5 5,40 27,00
Total 10
Test Statisticsa
Delta Ct Glut4
Mann-Whitney U 12,000
Wilcoxon W 27,000
Z -,104
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,917
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] 1,000b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok
b. Not corrected for ties.
8. Uji T Tidak Berpasangan Nilai ∆Ct Ampk alpha 2 pada K1 dan K4
Group Statistics
Kelompok N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Delta Ct AMPK Kelompok 1 5 1,7800 3,74895 1,67658
Kelompok 4 5 -,3620 3,03123 1,35561
9. Uji Mann-Whitney Nilai ∆Ct Glut 4 pada K1 dan K4
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,754
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,841b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok
b. Not corrected for ties.
10. Uji Mann-Whitney Nilai ∆Ct Ampk alpha 2 pada K1 dan K5
Ranks
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,347
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,421b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok
b. Not corrected for ties.
11. Uji Mann-Whitney Nilai ∆Ct Glut 4 pada K1 dan K5
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,602
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,690b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok
b. Not corrected for ties.
12. Uji Kruskal Wallis Nilai ∆Ct Ampk alpha 2
Ranks
13. Uji Kruskal Wallis Nilai ∆Ct Glut 4
Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank
Delta Ct Glut4 Kelompok 1 5 13,40
Kelompok 2 5 15,00
Kelompok 3 5 13,80
Kelompok 4 5 12,10
Kelompok 5 5 10,70
Total 25
Test Statisticsa,b Delta Ct Glut4
Chi-Square 1,007
df 4
Asymp. Sig. ,909
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: Kelompok