DESIGN MATERI AJAR
D. Language Feature of Descriptive Text
• Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique (only one). For example:
Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim
• The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in jepara, etc.
Adjectives; It used to describe the state of nouns or pronouns which include quality (beautiful, flat, dirty,etc)size (Large, low, tall, etc), Age (Old, young, new, etc), temperatures (hot, cold, lukewarm, etc), shape (round, rectangular, square, etc), Colors (black, green, white, etc), nationality/origin (Indonesian, Gorontalonese, etc). besides that using suffix ( the end of the word ) for example –ful (powerful, cheerful, peaceful,skillful, etc), -less (useless, spotless, careles, etc), -ous (dangerous, famous, enormous,etc), -y (skinny, sleepy, sunny), -al (electrical, botanical, coastal), -ic (artistic, heroic, fantastic),-ive ( attractive, effective, massive), -ish( selfish, Spanish, childish),and so on.
• Using adverb
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed either after the main verb or after the object (https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/adverbs-manner/).
For example: In using verb; My father rides the bicycle carefully, in using adjectives; This is an extremely big pond.
Noun
Countable noun
Singular Noun; are nouns refer to only one person, palce or things.
• Using singular (article; a/an): A book is on the table, An egg is on the table
• Using singular person and action verb: Ari goes to his school by bicycle (Ari as a countable noun, so the predicate Go as action verb will be goes
Plural; it shows more than one noun: Books are very cheap (Books as plural noun or more than one noun, so the predicate is using are/verb be
Uncountable Noun
• Common noun; It is a noun that refers to people or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.
• Proper noun; It is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. Steven, Africa, London, Monday. In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.
Besides that, uncountable noun are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the
names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form. For example Sugar tastes sweet, Tea is my favorite drink
Noun Phrase
Noun phrase is an important element in giving people a lot of information. That is why it is important that you learn to create noun phrase.
Premodifier
• Articles (a/an) : There is a book, My mother gives me an oranges
• Demonstrative Determiners (This, That, These and Those) : This chair is cheap, That chair is very expensive, Those books are new)
• Quantifying Determiners ( Few, a few, many, several, fewer, liltle, a liltle, much, less, all some, any, enough, a lot, etc) : Few students attend the class, he wrote many words in his letter, my father puts little sugar in his tea
• The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the fact of the object described. Using action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep, walk, cut etc….)
Simple Present Forms
The simple present is just the base form of the verb. Questions are made with do and negative forms are made with do not.
Statement ( + ): You speak English.
Question ( ? ): Do you speak English?
Use the simple present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
I play tennis.
She does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
The train does not leave at 9 AM.
When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.
He never forgets his wallet.
Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
Does the Sun circle the Earth?
• Using Passive Voice
Passive voice is sentence used to empahasized the action (verb) and object of the sentence rather than the subject. Form: Subject + Tobe (Am, Is, Are) +Past Participle + By + Object
For Example:
Active Voice : Marry helps her son
Passive Voice : The son is helped by Marry
• Preposition
Study the following explanation of prepositions.
a. At is used with times and also with places: at Niagara Falls, at midnight, at lunch, at Jln. Soka no.11.
b. In is used with periods of time and also with places: in October, in 2005, in the Middle Ages, in the United States, in Canada, in the park.
c. On is used with dates and days and also with places: on Niagara River, on June 18, on Monday, on the wall.
d. Of is used with nouns and also with -ing forms: legs of the table, glance of eye, of making.
e. Off is used with verbs: get off, take off, put off.
f. After/before is used with period of times, with pronouns and also with -ing forms: before winter, before June, after summer, after lunch time, after me, before him, after reading, before asking.
g. For is used with a period of time: for one hour, for a week, for ages. For is also intended to be given to or belong to a particular person: The Great Sphinx was probably built for Khafre.
h. During is used with a period of time: during our holiday, during the night.
i. While is used with subject + verb: while you went out, while she was at the bank.
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
The simple present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Examples:
Cats like milk.
Birds do not like milk.
Do pigs like milk?
California is in America.
California is not in the United Kingdom.
Windows are made of glass.
Windows are not made of wood.
New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
j. Some prepositions with more than one word are in front of, for the sake of, at the corner of.
a. Example:
b. I stand in front of the class.
c. For the sake of God.
d. He has to stand at the corner of the classroom