Tahap III : Uji migrasi DBP pada kemasan kertas daur ulang
3. Metode uji migrasi
Pada penelitian ini, digunakan metode uji migrasi single side contact dengan alat uji migrasi menggunakan simulan pangan cair yaitu etanol 95%. Menurut Barnes et al. (2007) penggunaan simulan pangan cair pada uji migrasi kertas adalah kurang tepat. Hal ini disebabkan karena simulan pangan cair akan terserap ke seluruh bagian kertas. Pada kenyataannya, penggunaan kertas sebagai kemasan primer produk pangan padat tidak terjadi proses imersi, sehingga penggunaan simulan pangan cair sebenarnya kurang tepat. Metode single side contact lebih tepat diterapkan pada kemasan kertas yang dilaminasi plastik atau pelapis lainnya. Tanpa adanya penghalang, seluruh komponen DBP pada kemasan kertas dupleks akan terekstrak, sehingga hasil uji migrasi akan setara dengan sistem imersi (Rachmani 2015). Uji migrasi DBP dari kemasan kertas daur ulang dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan simulan pangan berupa modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO)/Tenax. Tenax merupakan polimer resin 2,6-difenilena oksida dengan ukuran pori tertentu yang dapat menangkap senyawa volatil dan semi volatil pada sampel udara, padat, atau cair (SIS 2015).Uji migrasi dapat dilakukan dengan cara meletakkan sejumlah bubuk tenax di atas kertas sampel yang diletakkan di dalam cawan petri tertutup. Kemudian tenax diekstraksi dengan pelarut tertentu seperti heksana, lalu dianalisis dengan GC-MS (Pocas et al. 2011).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, migrasi DBP dari kemasan kertas dupleks ke dalam simulan pangan cukup tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kemasan kertas daur ulang khususnya dupleks tidak dianjurkan untuk digunakan sebagai kemasan primer yang langsung kontak dengan produk pangan berlemak atau berminyak.
5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Simpulan
Validasi metode analisis DBP pada kemasan kertas dupleks menggunakan instrumen GC-MS telah dilakukan. Semua parameter yang diujikan memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan dalam pedoman validasi metode analisis. Dari hasil analisis DBP pada sampel kertas dupleks dari 5 produsen yang berbeda, diperoleh konsentrasi DBP tertinggi pada sampel C yaitu 3.9 mg/kg dan konsentrasi terendah pada sampel B yaitu 1.7 mg/kg. Hasil uji migrasi DBP menggunakan simulan pangan D pengganti berupa etanol 95% menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase migrasi DBP dari sampel ke dalam simulan sebesar 57.7%. Nilai migrasi DBP ke dalam simulan pangan melebihi batas migrasi spesifik yang ditetapkan Badan POM RI maupun EU. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kertas daur ulang sebagai kemasan primer produk pangan tidak dianjurkan.
Saran
Penelitian lebih lanjut jenis ptalat lain migrasinya baik dari kertas dupleks maupun virgin perlu dilakukan dengan metode uji migrasi yang lebih sesuai serta perlu dikaji kembali jenis pelarut lain untuk ekstraksi.
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Lampiran 1 Diagram alir analisis DBP
Hasil Kertas Dupleks
Ekstraksi dengan water bath ultrasonik
T=25 0C; t=30 menit
Disaring 10 ml diklorometan
Ampas
Dihembus gas N2 hingga kering Dilarutkan 1 ml metanol Disimpan dalam vial gelap
Injek GC-MS duplo Na2SO4 anhidrat
31 Lampiran 2 Hasil analisis statistik kertas dupleks dari lima produsen berbeda
Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variable: Konsentrasi
Sample Mean Std. Deviation N
A 2,2331 ,43689 3 B 1,7154 ,42533 3 C 3,8964 ,01117 2 D 3,2361 ,61023 3 E 1,7751 ,49724 2 Virgin ,4407 ,09834 3 Total 2,1387 1,18393 16
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects (ANOVA)
Dependent Variable: Konsentrasi Source Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 19,270a 5 3,854 21,960 ,000 Intercept 75,774 1 75,774 431,748 ,000 Sample 19,270 5 3,854 21,960 ,000 Error 1,755 10 ,176 Total 94,209 16 Corrected Total 21,025 15
R Squared = ,917 (Adjusted R Squared = ,875)
Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT)
Duncana,b,c Sample N Subset 1 2 3 Virgin 3 ,4407 A B 3 1,7154 B E 2 1,7751 B A 3 2,2331 B D 3 3,2361 C C 2 3,8964 C Sig. 1,000 ,210 ,104 Alpha = ,05.
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