FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR 2013
19 berbeda pada tiap kelompok ayam. Gambaran histopatologi organ trakea dan paru-paru pada kelompok yang diberi ekstrak jintan hitam memberikan efek yang lebih baik dibanding kelompok yang tidak diberi ekstrak jintan hitam. Pemberian ekstrak jintan hitam memiliki kecenderungan memperbaiki struktur histopatologi pada trakea dan merangsang respon imun pada paru-paru.
Saran
1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai manfaat ekstrak jintan hitam pada unggas yang dipelihara dalam jangka waktu yang panjang.
2. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada broiler dengan dosis yang berbeda.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bacha WJ, Bacha M. 2000. Color Atlas of Veterinery Histology Ed 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 186-187
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. 2008. SNI 7354-2008: Bibit induk (parent stock) ayam ras tipe pedaging umur sehari (DOC).
Bahri S, Kusumaningsih A. 2005. Potensi, Peluang, dan Strategi Pengembangan Vaksin Hewan di Indonesia. J Litbang Pertanian 24 (3):113-114
Bar-shira E, Friedman A. 2005. Ontogeny of gut associated immunocompetence in the chick. Israel J vet Med 62:42-50
Bruits M, Bucar F. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytother Res 14:323-328
Butcher GD, Milles R. 2011. Heat Stress Management in Broilers. [terhubung berkala]. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu [19 oktober 2012]
Booskabady MH, Farhadi F. 2008. The Possible Prophylactic Effect of Nigella sativa seed aqueos extract on respiratory symptoms and pulmonaryfunction test on Chemical war Victims. J Altern Complement Med 14(9):1137-1144 Cood JR, Boggs DF, Perry SF, and Carrier DR. 2005. Activity of Three Muscles
Associated with the Uncinate Proccesses of the Giant Canada Goose. J Exp Biol 208:849-857
Dellman HD. 1993. Textbook of Veterinary Histology. University of Missouta (US): Lea and Febiger. Hlm. 136
Diding HP, Subijanto AA. 2008. Pengaruh minyak jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) terhadap derajat inflamasi saluran napas. Kedokteran Indonesia 58: 5
20
Dorland. 2002. Kamus Kedokteran. Jakarta (ID): EGC. Hlm. 197
El-Najjar N, Muhtasib HG, Stock RS. 2006. The medical potential of black seed (Nigella sativa) and its component. Adv in Phytomed (2):133-153
El-Tahir KE, Bakeet D. 2006. The Black Seed Nigella sativa Linnaeus – A Mine for Multi Curses: A Plea for Urgent Evaluation of its Volatile Oil. J T U Med Sci 1:1-19
Emikpe BO, Ajisegiri WA. 2011. Response of bronchial associated lymphoid tissue to intratracheal administration of peste des petit ruminants virus and its co-infection with Mannheimia hemolytica. Int J Morphol 29: 1099-1103 Fadilah R, Polana A. 2004. Aneka Penyakit Ayam dan Cara Mengatasinya. Depok
(ID): Agromeda Pustaka. Hlm 24
Fadillah R. 2008. Kunci Sukses Beternak Ayam Broiler di Daerah Tropis. Jakarta (ID): Agromedia. Hlm. 91
Ficken MR. 1996. Avian respiratory Defense Mechanism, Injury, and Repair. Zootec Int. Pp: 51-53
Fukuyama S, Aizawa H, Hara N. 2001. Mediated cigarette smoke-induced goblet cell metaplasi in guinea pig airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 280:436-441
Gazzar ME, Mezayen RE, Marecki JC, Nicolls MR, Canastar A, Dreskin SC. 2006. Effect of thymoquinone on cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin production in a mouse model of allergy airway anflammation. J Immunol Lett 106:72-81
Houghton PJ, Zarka R, Heras B, JR Hoult. 1995. Fixed Oil of Nigella sativa and derived Thymoquinone Effect inhibit Eicosanoid Generation in Leucocytes and membrane Lipidperoxidation. J Planta Med 61(1):33-36
Ibrahim SF, Osman K, Das Es, Otman AM. 2008. Study of antioxidant effect of α- lipoic acid on sperm quality. Clinics 63(4):545-550
Jacob J, Pescatore T, Cantor A. 2011. Avian Respiratory System. Lexington (US): Department of Agriculture, University of Kentucky. Hlm 118-125
Junaedi E, Sufrida Y, Surnahika S, Emma SK. 2006. Kedahsyatan Habbatussauda Mengobati Berbagai Penyakit. Jakarta (ID): Agromedia Pustaka. Hlm. 12- 16
Katzer G. 2001. Saffron Crocus sativus L. [terhubung berkala]. http://www.uni- graz.at/~katzer/engl/spice_indic.html [19 Oktober 2012]
21 McLellandJ. 1989. Larynx and trachea, in King AS, McLelland J (eds): Form and
Function in Birds, vol 4. NewYork (US) Academic: 69-103
Moreno JR, Hartson L, Navvaro C, Selman M, Troy DR. 2006. Inducible bronchus associated lymphoid tissue in patients with pulmonary complications of rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 116: 3183-3194
Murtidjo BA. 2003. Pemotongan, Penanganan, dan Pengolahan Daging Ayam. Jakarta (ID): Kanisius. Hlm 10.
Nickavara B, Mojaba F, Javidniab K, Amolia MAR. 2003. Chemical Composition of the Fixed and Volatile Oils of Nigella sativa from Iran. Z Naturforsch (8): 629-631
Nighot PK, GN Kolte, GR Ghalsasi. 2002. Physiopathology of avian respiratory
diseases [terhubung berkala].
http://www.chickclinicegypt.com/Physiotherapy%20of%20Avian%20Respir atory.pdf [30 Agustus 2012]
Omar A, Ghosheh S, Abdulghani A, Houdi A, Crookscor PA. 1999. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the pharmacologically active quinones and related compounds in the oil of the black seed (L. Nigella sativa). J Pharm Biomed Anal. 19: 757– 62.
Ogra PL, Faden H, Welliver RC. 2001. Vaccination strategies for mucosal immune response. Clin Microb Rev 14:430-445
Pabst R, Tscherning. 2010. Bronchus-assosiated lymphoid tissue: an entry site for antigens for successful mucosal vaccinations. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 43 (2): 137-141
Parakh PM. 2010. Nigella sativa Linn - A comprehensive review. Indian J Nat Prod and Resources vol 1 (4): 409-429
Prasetyo BK. 2006. Kajian Histopatologi Trakhea Ayam Buras Akibat Infeksi Campuran Virus Newcastle Disease dan Cacing Ascaridia galli [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor
Reese S, G Dalamani, B Kaspers. 2006. The avian lung associated immune system. Vet Res 37: 311-324
Riede T, Franz Goller. 2010. Peripheral Mechanisms for Vocal Production in Birds – Differences and Similiarities to Human Speech and Singing. Brain and Language. Vol. 115 (1):69-80
Risinglili A. 2010. Vaksinasi pada Ayam. [terhubung berkala]. http://www.andela- risinglili.co.cc/2010/04/vaksinasi-pada-ayam-html. [19 Oktober 2012]
22
Salem ML. 2005. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa. seed. Int Immunopharmacol 5:1749-1770
Sari LORK. 2006. Pemanfaatan Obat Tradsional dengan Pertimbangan Manfaat dan Keamanannya. Ilmu Kefarmasian III (1) : 2
Stanley, Mickey, Beare PG. 2006. Buku Ajar Keperawatan Gerontik ed. 2. Jakarta (ID): EGC. Hlm. 146
Suprijatna E, Atmomarsono U, Kartasudjana R. 2005. Ilmu Dasar Ternak Unggas. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya. Hlm. 96
Suprijatna E. 2010. Strategi pengembangan peternakan ayam lokal di Indonesia.
[terhubung berkala].
http://www.eprints.undip.ac.id/28178/Endjeng_Suprijatna.pdf [12 Agustus 2012]
Tarmudji, Mulyadi. 2006. Kegagalan vaksinasi IB pada ayam. [terhubung berkala]. http//www.litbang.deptan.go.id/ kegagalan%20vaksinasi.pdf [19 Oktober 2012]
Tizard IR. 2000. Veterinary Imunnology ed. 6. (UK): Elsevier Books. Hal. 215- 217
Tjitrosoepomo. 2000. Taksonomi Tumbuhan (Spermatophyta). Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada Press. Hlm. 34
Vora KA, Brundage KMT, Manser T. 1998. A periarteriolar lymphoid sheath associated B cell focus response is not observed during the development of the anti-arsonate germinal center reaction. J Immun 160: 728-733
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2003. Traditional medicine. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/ [12 Januari 2012] Wong GK. 2004. A Genetic Variation Map for Chicken with 2.8 million Single
Nucleotide. [terhubung berkala]. www.nature.com.prxy5.ursus.maine.edu/- nature/journal/v432/n7018/full/nature03156.html [12 Agustus 2012]
Yuwanta T. 2004. Dasar Ternak Unggas. Yogyakarta (ID): Kanisius: Hlm. 29 Zubaidah AH, Basil AA, Abdullah AB. 2009. Annals of Saudi Med. Volume 21:3-