CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
B. Some Partinent Ideas
2. Online Learning or E-Learning
The development of technology has made distance education easy (McBrienet al., 2009). "Most terms (online learning, open learning, web-based learning, computer-mediated learning, blended learning, mobile learning, For example sharing the ability to use computers connected to the network provides the possibility of learning at any pace and in any way anytime, anywhere”
(Cojocariu et al., 2014). Online learning can be referred to as a tool that enables The teaching process is more student-centered, more innovative, and even more flexible. Online learning is defined as "the learning experience of using different devices (for example, mobile phones, laptops, etc.) to access the Internet in a
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synchronous or asynchronous environment. In these environments, students can learn and interact with teachers and other students anywhere (independently)”
(Singh & Thurman, 2019). The structure of the synchronized learning environment is that students attend live lectures, There is real-time interaction between educators and learners, and it is possible to obtain instant feedback, but the structure of the asynchronous learning environment is unreasonable. In such a learning environment, learning content cannot be provided in the form of on-site lectures or classrooms; it can be used in different learning systems and forums. In such an environment, immediate feedback and immediate response are impossible (Littlefield, 2018). Synchronous learning can provide many opportunities for social interaction (McBrien et al., 2009). In the spread of this deadly virus, an online platform is needed where (a) can have video conferences with at least 40 to 50 students, (b) can have discussions with students to keep the classroom organic, and (c) have a good internet connection , (D) Lectures can also be accessed on mobile phones, not just laptops, (e) Lectures that have been recorded can be watched, and (f) Instant feedback and assignments from students can be obtained can be taken (Basilaia et al., 2020).
2. Benefits of Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Implementing online learning during a pandemic will definitely bring benefits and impacts that will help the learning process. The following describes the positive impact of implementing online learning during the pandemic from the perspective of teachers and learners.
1. Avoid Coronavirus
The main benefit of online learning during the pandemic is to avoid contracting the coronavirus. Online learning is implemented as an alternative to face-to-face learning to avoid physical contact between students and teachers.
Health is a precious asset, and knowledge is the key to success. Online learning is the safest way to stay healthy and actively acquire knowledge during a pandemic.
2. Flexible Time and Place.
Basically every learner has different characteristics, needs and preferences (Suryani et al., 2014). The implementation of online learning provides teachers and students with the opportunity to choose the time and place they want. Arkoful and Abaidoo say that every student has their own convenient choice of time and place that suits them (Holmes & Gardner, 2006). This can be adjusted according to the wishes of teachers and students. Ummi and Mulyaningsiih also stated that the unlimited learning time and location allows students to freely choose the appropriate learning time and location according to their interests, so that their ability to absorb learning materials is higher than classroom learning (Ummi &
Mulyaningsih, 2017). Despite working from home, staying active during the pandemic allowed teachers more free time to evaluate student work. The time usually spent preparing for and on the way to and from get off work can be used to maximize the process of evaluating homework and evaluating learning activities. The purpose of evaluating learning activities is to improve the quality of
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learning, obtain the greatest learning outcomes, and achieve the initial learning goals.
3. Learning is diverse, active, creative and independent.
Regardless of whether we realize it or not, the implementation of online learning enables teachers to actively create and provide more diverse learning content, hoping that learning will not be tedious. Movement restrictions during this pandemic undoubtedly allowed learners and teachers to complete tasks independently and play an active and creative role. The learning materials obtained from the results of self-study will actually be recorded longer and deeper in memory than the materials obtained by just listening to the teacher's explanation.
4. Get more information.
Face-to-face learning has a predetermined duration, so the amount of material presented will of course follow that time. Unlike online learning, online learning takes longer, so the materials provided by teachers tend to be more complex.
When students look for information from other reference materials, they are sure to get additional information about the material.
5. Better operation technology.
The implementation of online learning is inseparable from the use of technology. In other words, without the role of technology, online learning will not work. For those who do not understand technology, this is of course an opportunity to increase technical knowledge, because we immediately practice
using technology. You can get used to it, this is an old proverb, similar to the use of technology in online learning. The more you use the technology, the more proficient your users will be.
6. Respect time more.
For some people, the implementation of home learning has become busier than ever. The positive side is that we can cherish time more.In the process of implementing this online learning, time management has also been honed.
7. The material can be read again.
The advantage of this kind of online learning is that the materials we convey are well stored in the network and can be opened and studied at any time. This is certainly a good thing for students, especially for those who need more time to understand the material than others. Learners can also choose the materials they want to pay more attention to to learn and understand.
8. Go paperless.
The use of paper in online learning has been replaced by the Internet. This is positive in terms of paper use. Online learning no longer uses paper, because everything has been stored on the Internet.
9. Record all activities.
Through online learning, all activities that occur during the learning process will occur and are well recorded on the Internet. There is no need to be afraid of forgetting what was done, what was done, when it was done and who was present
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in class.All it takes is the use of technology, everything related to recording can be done.
10. The materials are evenly distributed.
As one of online learning, video learning can provide materials fairly to all learners. The delivery of materials in face-to-face learning is directly adjusted according to the learning situation and conditions, so it is usually not evenly distributed between one class and another.
3. Google Meet Application