Maklumat Fikiran Pengetahuan Paradigma Jenis Perisian
Pendekatan
Behaviourisme satu penemuan atau pencarian seumpama suatu ‘assembly line’ konkrit: masukan-keluaran yang betul. rangsangan –
tindakbalas cari praktis dan
Pendekatan
Kognitif adalah diproses seperti sebuah komputer abstrak: pemprosesan dalaman yang lengkap penyelesaian masalah sistem adaptif, sistem tutorial intelek Pendekatan Konstruktivisme suatu binaan/bina semula seumpama sistem maklumat tertutup tahu bagaimana untuk bekerja di dalam sesuatu situasi
binaan simulasi, dunia-mikro, hipermedia
Kesimpulannya, ketiga-tiga pendekatan ini yang telah dihuraikan sebelum ini mempunyai persepsi, pendekatan, dan kaedah perlaksanaan yang berbeza. Adalah juga didapati pendekatan kognitif adalah merupakan pendekatan yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan bagi bidang hipermedia adaptif. Ini adalah kerana maklumat yang telah disampaikan adalah berbentuk multimedia yang perlu diproses oleh minda pelajar bagi menghasilkan pengetahuan yang berbentuk teoritikal, kompleks dan sukar difahami. Ini ditambah lagi apabila dirujuk kepada perisian yang digunakan dengan jelas menunjukkan pendekatan kognitif adalah pendekatan utama yang mesti digunakan di dalam bidang hipermedia adaptif.
168
RUJUKAN
Ahdon, M. F., Zakaria, A., & Siraj, F. (2003). AI in education: Towards Adaptive
and Intelligent Web-Based Learning. Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok
Al-Azawei, A. dan Badli, A. (2014). State Of The Art Of Learning Styles-Based Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Systems (LS-BAEHSS). International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 6, No 3, June 2014
Assareh, A., & Bidokht, M. H. (2011). Barriers to e-teaching and e-learning.
Procedia Computer Science 3 (2011). 791–795
Bahagian Pengurusan Politeknik (2003). Laporan Tahunan 2003. p47
Banday, M. T., Ahmed, M., & Janc, T. R. (2014). Applications of e-Learning in engineering education: A case study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences. 123 (2014) 406 – 413.
Berlanga, A. J. dan Garcia, F. J. (2008). Adaptive Learning Designs: Bringing
together IMS Learning Design and Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Systems [versi elektronik].
Bermudez , A. B., & Palumbo, D. (1994). Bridging the gap between literacy and technology: Hypermedia as a learning tool for limited English proficient students. The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students,
169
Brusilovsky, P. (1999). Adaptive and Intelligent Technologies for Web-based
Education. In C. Rollinger and C. Peylo (eds.), Special Issue on Intelligent
Systems and Teleteaching, Künstliche Intelligenz, 4, 19-25
Brusilovsky, P. (1996). Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia.” User
Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 6: 87-129. , Special issue on adaptive
hypertext and hypermedia). Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University.
Bra, P. D. (1999). Design Issues in Adaptive Web-Site Development. Proceedings of 2nd Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the WWW. Eindhoven : Eindhoven University of Technology
Brusilovsky, P. (2001). Adaptive Hypermedia.User Modeling and User-Adapted
Interaction. 11: 87-110. Neitherland : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Brusilovsky, P. (2003). Adaptive Educational Systems on the World-Wide-Web: A
Review of Available Technologies. Human-Computer Interaction Institute
Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh.
Brusilovsky, P. (2003). Developing adaptive educational hypermedia systems: From design models to authoring tools. T. Murray, S. Blessing and S. Ainsworth
(eds.): Authoring Tools for Advanced Technology Learning Environment.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 377-409.
Brusilovsky, P. (2007). Adaptive navigation support. In: P. Brusilovsky, A. Kobsa and W. Neidl (eds.): The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4321, Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 263-290.
Brusilovsky, P., & Maybury, M. T. (2002). From Adaptive Hypermedia To The Adaptive Web. Communications Of The ACM May 2002. Vol. 45, No. 5, p-31.
Brusilovsky, P. & Milan, E. (2007) User models for adaptive hypermedia and
170
(eds.): The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4321, Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 3-53.
Brusilovsky, P., & Peylo, C. (2003). Adaptive and intelligent Web-based educational
systems. In P. Brusilovsky and C. Peylo (eds.), International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 13 (2-4), Special Issue on Adaptive and
Intelligent Web-based Educational Systems, 159-172.
Carabaneau, L., Trandafir, R., & Mierlus-Mazilu, I. (2006). Trends In E- Learning. MMT2006 Conference Proceeding. Technical University of Civil Engineering
Bucharest, Romania.
Carver, Jr., C. A.. Howard, R. A., & Lane, SM.. W. D. (1999). Enhancing Student Learning Through Hypermedia Courseware and Incorporation of Student Learning Styles. IEEE Transactions On Education, Vol. 42, 1. February 1999.
Cha, H. J., Kim, Y. S., Kim, S. A., Park, S. H., & Cho, Y. J. (2005). Learner
Adaptive User Interface: An Example Case. Creative Design and Intelligent
Tutoring Systems (CREDITS) Reasearch Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
Chaz-Yee, T. (2006). E-learning implementation preparation in Asia region. http://www.hrdgateway-org/ hub5/research/E-learning (capaian pada 10th September 2006)
Chen, N.-S., & Lin, K.-M. (2000). Factors affecting e-learning for achievement. National Science Council , Taiwan
Chung, D., Lee, K. C., & Seong, S. C. (2013). General Bayesian Network Approach to Health Informatics Prediction: Emphasis on Performance Comparison.
171
Chung, D., Lee, K. C., & Chang Seong, S. C. (2010). Evaluation of student performance in laboratory applications using fuzzy logic. Procedia Social
and Behavioral Sciences 2 (2010) 902–909
Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E., (2003). e-Learning and the Science of Instruction:
Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning. John
Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Conlen, O. (2011). State of the Art: Adaptive Hypermedia, Trinity College Dublin
Cook, N. P. (1998). Introductory Digital Electronics. Prentice Hall International Inc. New Jersey. 315-316, 360,-361, 456-458. 1998
Corso, D. D. et al. (2001). 3DE: An Environment For The Development Of Learner-
Centered Custom Educational Packages [versi elektronik]. Dicapai pada
September 27, 2007, dari http://www.3deproject.com.
Cristea, A., & Bra, P. D., (2004), Enhancing the WWW towards adaptive and
adaptable ODL environments.
Damodharan, V. S. dan Rengarajan,V. (2013). Innovative Methods of Teaching
[versi elektronik]. Dicapai pada May 28, 2015, dari http://math.arizona.edu/~atp-mena/conference/proceedings/ Damodharan_ Innovative_Methods.pdf.
Dunn, R. & Dunn, K. (2004). Dunn & Dunn Learning Styles [versi elektronik]. Dicapai pada September 27, 2007, dari url: http://www.learningstyles.net/tc/ ls_model.html.
Dunn, R. & Dunn, K. (2012). Dunn And Dunn Learning Styles Model [versi
elektronik]. Dicapai pada Jun 07, 2014. dari http://www.ilsa-learningstyles.com/Learning+Styles/The+Dunn+and+Dunn+Learning+Styles+ Model.html).
172
eLearner (2014). eLearner- Advantages and Disadvantages - Iowa State University
url: http://www.dso.iastate.edu/asc/academic/elearner/advantage.htm.
(capaian pada 12 Disember 2014)
Erdogan, Y., Bayram, S. & Deniz, L. (2008). Factor That Influence Academic Achievement And Attitudes In Web Based Education. International Journal of
Instruction - January 2008 Vol.1, No.1
Farkas, D. K. (2004) .“Hypertext and Hypermedia,” Berkshire Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, Berkshire Publishing 2004, pp. 332-336.
Felder, R. M. (1988). Learning And Teaching Styles In Engineering Education. Engineering Education, 78(7), 674-681
Felder, R. M. (2010). Are Learning Styles Invalid? (Hint: No!). On-Course
Newsletter, September 27, 2010.
Felder, R. M., & Brent, R. (2005). Understanding Student Differences, Journal of Engineering Education, January 2005 Edition
Felder, R. M., & Henriques, E. R. (1995). Learning and Teaching Styles In Foreign
and Second Language Education. Foreign Language Annals, 28, No. 1,1995,
pp. 21–31
Felder, R. M., & Solomon, B. A. (2004). Learning Styles And Strategies. url: http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html (capaian pada 20 Ogos 2008)
Felder, R. M., & Spurlin, J. (2005). Applications, Reliability and Validity of the Index
of Learning Styles. Engineering Education, 23(1), 103-112.
Garzotto, F., Retalis, S., Papasalouros, A., & Siassiakos, K. (1999). Patterns For
Designing Adapptive/Adaptable Educational Hypermedia. European Commission under Socrates Minerva program.
173
Georgouli, K., Paraskakis, I., & Guerreiro. P. (2004). A Web Based Tutoring
System for Compilers.
Given, B. K. (1996). Learning Styles: A Synthesized Model. Journal of Accelerated
Learning and Teaching, vol. 21.
Gokmen, G., Akinci, T. C., Tekta, M., Onat, N., Kocyigit, G., Tekta, N. (2010).
Evaluation of student performance in laboratory applications using fuzzy logic. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2 (2010) 902–909
Harun, J., & Tasir, Z. (2003). Multimedia Dalam Pendidikan. PTS Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd., Bentong, Pahang.
Hashim, Y., & Man, R. (2006), Teknologi Instruksional : Teori & Aplikasi. Cetakan Kedua, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Hassan, M. N. A. (2003). Open and Flexible Delivery of VTET Across National
Boundaries: Lessons Learned From The Malaysian Experience On Reforming Its VTET System. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknikal 2003, 50-61.
Inan, F. A., Flores, R., & Grant, M. M. (2010). Perspectives on the Design and
Evaluation of Adaptive Web Based Learning Environments. Contemporary
Educational Technology, 2010, 1(2), 148-159
Institute For Information Technologies In Education (IITE), (2014). Policy Brief
2012: Personalized Learning: A New ICT- enabled Education Approach.
UNESCO
Isi, O. (2008). E-Learning Satisfaction Factors. Department of Information Technology & Decision Sciences. College of Business Administration. University of North Texas, Denton.
Islam, M. A., Chittithaworn, C., Rozali, A. Z., & Liang, H. (2010). Factors Affecting E-Learning Effectiveness in a Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 35(2) (2010). 51-60
174
Ismail, S. (2003). Trends And Perspectives Of The utilization Of ICT In The
Classroom In Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand And Philippines. Jurnal BTP 5
Dis. 2003, 42 – 49.
Jono, M. N. H. H., Aziz, A. A., Ibrahim, M., & Noh, N. M. (2012). Instructional Design and Learning Theory on the Development of C++ Programming Multimedia Content. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 67 (2012). 335 – 344
Kavcic, A. (2001), ALICE: Adaptive Educational Hypermedia on the Web, University of Ljubljana.
Khedif, L.Y. B, Engkamat, A., & Jack, S. (2014). The Evaluation of Users’ Satisfaction towards the Multimedia Elements in a Courseware. Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences 123 (2014) 249 – 255
Kinshuk, H. H. (2003). Adaptation to Student Learning Styles in Web Based Educational Systems, Massey University, Palmerston Notth, New Zealand
Koidl, K. (2006). Modeling of a Learning Strategy based approach in Adaptive
Hypermedia eLearning Systems (AHeLS): Concept and
Implementation,Technical University of Darmstadt
Learning Style Preferences. Dicapai pada Ogos 20, 2008. dari url:
http://www.cyg.net/~jblackmo/diglib/styl-d.html - LSPContent Libbrecht, P., Frischauf, A., Melis, E., Pollet, M., & Ullrich, C. (2004).
Integration of Mathematical Systems into the ACTIVEMATH Learning Environment.
175
Luaran, J. @ E., Samsuri, N. N., Nadzri, F. A., & Rom, K. B. M. (2014). A study on the student’s perspective on the effectiveness of using e-learning. Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences 123 (2014). 139 – 144
Magoulas, G., Papanikolaou, K., & Grigoriadou, M. (2003). Adaptive web-Based learning: accommodating individual differences through systems’s adaptation. British Journal of Educational Technology Vol 34 No 4
Mansor, M. S. A., & Ismail, A. (2012). Learning styles and perception of engineering students towards online learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences 69 (2012) 669 – 674.
Matkar, A. (2012). Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Co-efficient for standard of
customer services in Maharashtra State Co-operative Bank. National
Monthly Refereed Journal Of Research In Commerce & Management. Volume No. 1, Issue No. 3. 67-74.
Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2003). A Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning: Implications for Design Principles. Eductional Psychologist 38(1), 43–52. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Mergel, B. (1998). Instructional Design & Learning Theory. [versi electronic]. Dicapai pada 0gos 20, 2008., dari http://www.usask.ca/ education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda.htm
Milićević et al. (2011). Integration of Recommendations and Adaptive Hypermedia
into Java Tutoring System.
Mohammad, N. M. N., & Isa, M. N. M. P. M. (2012). M- learning in Malaysia: Challenges and Strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 67 (2012) 393 – 401
176
Montgomery, S. M. (1995). Addressing Diverse Learning Styles Through The Use of
Multimedia, Michigan Univ., USA, Published in Frontiers in Education
Conference, 1995. Proceedings., 1995 (Volume:1)
Mulwa, C., Lawless, S., Sharp, M., Sanchez, I. A., & Wade, V.(2012). Adaptive
Educational Hypermedia Systems in Technology Enhanced Learning: A Literature Review, Trinity College, Dublin
Mulwa, C., Lawless, S., Sharp, M., Sanchez, I. A., & Wade, V. (2012), The Evaluation of Adaptive Technology Enhanced Learning Systems , Trinity
College, Dublin
Naidu, S. (2006). E-Learning: A Guidebook of Principles, Procedures and Practices.
2nd Revised Edition, CEMCA.
National Academy of Engineering, USA (2012). Advance personalized learning. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9127.aspx (capaian pada 3 Jun 2014).
Nonprofit Technology Enterprise Network (N-TEN) and LearnSomething (formerly Isoph) (2005). E-Learning In Nonprofits And Associations: The 2005 Nonprofit
and Association E-learning Survey Results. p-11.
Paramythis, A., & Reisinger, S. L. (2004). Adaptive Learning Environments and eLearning Standards. Electronic Journal of eLearning February 2004. 2(1):181--194
Pavio, A. (2014). Dual Coding Theory. Dicapai pada Disember 10, 2014. Dari http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/dual-coding.html
Prats, J. (2004). Learning Styles., Teach!. vol.1, no. 5, p-3.
Predko, M. (2005). Digital Electronics Demystified. McGraw-Hill. 184-185, 194-195, 240-242, 348. 2005.
177
Santally, M. I. & Senteni, A. (2005), A Learning Object Approach to Personalized Web-based Instruction. Malaysian Online Journal of Instructional Technology. Vol. 2, No. 1, April 2005
Selvi, K. (2010). Motivating factors in online courses. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2 (2010) 819–824
Seters, J. R. v., Ossevoort, M. A., Tramper, J., & Goedhart, M. J. (2012). The
influence of student characteristics on the use of adaptive e-learning material.
Computers & Education 58 (2012) 942–952
Shi, L., Cristea, A. I., Foss, J. G. K., & Qudahet, a., A., Qaffas, A. (2013). A social
personalized adaptive E-Learning environment : a case study in Topolor.
IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet . pp. 1-17. ISSN 1645-7641 (In Press)
Shivhare, M. dan Tuteja, S. (2011). Multimedia Revolution Of The Centry {versi elektronik]. Dicapai pada 08 Jun 2015. dari http://www.slideshare.net/ Shivam_Tuteja/multimedia-8114447? related=2.
Slay, J., Quirchmayr, G., Kurzel. F., & Hagenus, K. (2003). Adaptive Learning
Environments for CS Education – From AMLE to Live Spaces. University of
South Australia.
Somyurek, S. (2015). The New Trends in Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Systems. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Volume 16, Number 1
Smith, P., & Dalton, J. (2005). Getting To Grips With Learning Styles. NCVER. Spallek, H. (2003). Adaptive Hypermedia: A New Paradigm for Education Software.
Presented at "Dental Informatics & Dental Research: Making the Connection", a conference held in, Bethesda, MD, USA, June 12-13, 2003, sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Center for Dental Informatics and supported in part by
178
award 1R13DE014611-01 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/National Library of Medicine.
Stash, N. (2007). Incorporating Cognitive/Learning Styles in a General-Purpose
Adaptive Hypermedia System, Technical University of Eindhoven
Stash, N., Cristea, A., & Bra, P. D. (2004). Authoring of Learning Styles in Adaptive Hypermedia: Problems and Solutions. WWW 2004 Education Track, May 17– 22, 2004, New York, New York, USA.
Talhi, S. & Djoudi, M. (2011). Developing Adaptive Elearning : An Authoring Tool
Design, International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 5, No
3, September 2011
Toh, C.-Y. (2008). E-learning Implementation Preparation in Asia Region.
University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Veerman, N. (1999). Adaptive Hypermedia: Techniques and Purposes. Dicapai pada Januari 10, 2008. dari http://www.cs.vu.nl/~nveerman/hypermedia.html.
Vermunt, J. D. (1996). Metacognitive, cognitive and affective aspects of learning styles and strategies: A phenomenographic analysis. Higher Education 31: 25- 50, 1996. 25 9 1996 KluwerAcademic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Wiersma, W. (1991), Research Methods in Education, 5th Edition, Allyn & Bacon Wolf, C. (2002). iWeaver : Towards an Interactive Web-Based Adaptive Learning
Environment to Address Individual Learning Styles. Interactive Computer
Aided Learning Workshop, Villach, Austria.
Wolf, C. (2002). iWeaver : Towards Learning Style-based e-Learning in Computer
Science Education. Fifth Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE
179
Zainuddin, A., Kamaluddin, N., & Hassan, Z. (2012). Exploring Malay Student’s Commitment in Online Learning - A Case of Business Management Students.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 67 (2012) 81 – 92
Zakariah, Z., Alias, N., Aziz, M. N. A., & Ismail, N. Z. (2012). E-Learning Awareness in a Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and
Behavioral Sciences 67 (2012). 621 – 625
Zin, M. Z. M., Sakat, A. A., Ahmad, N. A., & Bhari, A. (2013). Relationship Between the Multimedia Technology and Education in Improving Learning Quality. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 90 (2013) 351 – 355
Learning. Dicapai pada November 12, 2014. dari http://www.oncourseworkshop. com/Learning046.htm.
Kolb learning styles. Dicapai pada Ogos 10, 2008. dari http://www.businessballs. com/kolblearningstyles.htm
Hypermedia. Dicapai pada Januari 10, 2008. dari url: http://education.yahoo.com/ reference/dictionary/entry/hypermedia