A different approach to parenting was advocated by psychoanalyst Winnicott who spoke of
‘good enough’ parenting:
. . . The good enough ‘mother’ (not necessarily the infant’s own mother) is one who makes active adaptation to the infant’s needs, an active adaptation that gradually lessens, accord-ing to the infant’s growaccord-ing ability to account for failure of adaptation and to tolerate the results of frustration . . .
(Winnicott 1953, p. 94) Good enough parenting is a more pragmatic approach to parenting seen in parents who, prioritise and meet their children’s needs, providing consistent care and routine, whilst engag-ing help from relevant services when problems are identified (Kellett and Apps 2009). This approach contains flexibility and allows parents to incorporate positive and evidence-based, aspects from a range of parenting styles.
Key points
•
Parents are diverse.•
Midwives mainly support and care for childbearing women and their infants but also fathers and the wider family.•
Midwives must provide appropriate care and accurate information to and for all women and their babies, to facilitate good enough parenting.Conclusion
Midwives have a duty to provide accurate information and advice to new parents, applying current research findings and other evidence into practice, ensuring that evidence-based advice and support is presented to childbearing women and their families, regarding the baby and self-care (NMC 2008). It is important that clinicians are not authoritarian, inaccurate or unhelpful, in their advice. They must show kindness, responsiveness and reassurance to help new parents
113 nurture their infants. The midwife’s role could be considered to facilitate good enough parenting.
End of chapter activities
Crossword
1 2 3
4 5
6 7
8
9
10
Across
1. When a married or cohabiting couple live together with children from previous rela-tionships the family has become. . . . 4. Midwives have a role in teaching this for
parenthood
9. Pregnancy which occurs in a female aged between 10 to 19 years, according to the World Health Organization
10. The ability to produce offspring
Down
2. A family structure where a household is composed of one person and some other kin, in addition to a spouse or child
3. The Chinese tradition of ‘doing-the-month’
is characterised by a period of this
5. Parents who value structure and predictability may be likely to use this style of parenting
6. A mother who performs genetic, gestational and social roles as a parent
7. The age of a woman who conceives at the age of 35 years or above may be considered this 8. A woman who acts as the gestational carrier
for a baby on behalf of commissioning parents, in an arrangement made prior to conception
114
Glossary of terms
Amenorrhea The absence of menstruation.
Conception The start of pregnancy, at the fusion of the male germ call (sperm), with the female germ cell (ovum) – fertilization – resulting in the formation of a zygote, a single cell containing its own unique genetic code.
Consanguinity A reproductive relationship between blood relations who share at least one common ancestor no more remote than a great grandparent.
Ethnic group A group of people with social cohesion, sharing distinctive and common features.
These include physical appearance, religious affiliation, language or dialect, culture, customs, values, geographical location and ancestral origins.
Fertility/fecundity The innate ability to conceive offspring.
Illegitimacy The status of children born out of wedlock (historically).
Kinship A network of relatives (kin) connected by common ancestry or marriage.
Parity Term indicating the number of pregnancies a woman has had, resulting in the birth of an infant capable of survival.
Paternalistic An attitude of protecting people, over whom one has authority, in a way which restricts their freedom or responsibilities.
Progeny Offspring.
Reproductive cloning The creation of a genetically identical whole organism, which could be a plant, animal or human being.
Stepchild Child of a person’s husband or wife from a prior marriage or prior relationship.
(Henley & Schott 1999; Bhopal 2006; Soanes et al. 2005; Fulcher & Scott 2007; Tiran 2008; Martin 2010.)
Find out more
Below is a list of things you can find out about to enhance your knowledge of the issues and topics covered in this chapter. Make notes using the chapter content, the references and further reading identified, local policies and guidelines and discussions with colleagues.
•
What is parenthood?•
On which people should midwifery care be primarily focussed, given their sphere of practice? http://www .internationalmidwives.org/assets/uploads/documents/Definition%20of%20the%20Midwife%20-%202011.pdf.•
Discuss how midwives can be involved in the care of teenage parents https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/teenage-pregnancy-past-successes-future-challenges
•
To which kind of biological mother does the midwife have accountability for providing physical and emotional care?http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/NMC-Publications/Midwives%20Rules%20and%20Standards%202012 .pdf
115
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Chapter 6
Antenatal midwifery care
Julie Flint
Carol Lambert
City University, London, UK University of Hull, Hull, UK
By the end of this chapter the reader will be able to:
•
explain service provision for childbearing women experiencing normal pregnancy•
discuss choices open to women in relation to planning and preparing for the birth•
monitor the wellbeing of the woman and fetus throughout pregnancy•
determine when deviations in normal pregnancy may occur requiring support of the interprofessional team•
provide evidence based care in pregnancy.Learning outcomes
Introduction
For the majority of women the childbirth journey should be a normal process that can be enjoyed and celebrated. Midwifery care is at the heart, supporting and educating a woman throughout the antenatal period. This ensures the woman is both physically and psychologically ready for giving birth and becoming a mother. Some women may begin with a normal preg-nancy then develop complications along the way and some women begin with complicating factors, meaning they require medical care in addition to that fundamental midwifery care. This chapter will explore the provision and content of antenatal care for normal pregnancies, apply-ing knowledge of anatomy and physiology of pregnancy, includapply-ing maternal screenapply-ing and examining the potential influence of birth preparation education. It will examine influences on women’s decision-making and outcomes of birth, as well as highlighting some of the profes-sional, legal and ethical responsibilities of the midwife and interprofessional team.
Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students, First Edition. Edited by Louise Lewis.
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Companion website: www.wileyfundamentalseries.com/midwifery
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