Chapter V: Conclusion, consists of conclusion and suggestions
C. Research Subjects
At this stage, researcher would determine several informants, namely people who provide information about research problems. To enrich and strengthen this research, researcher would also determine several speakers.
The subject of this study uses non probability sampling. In nonprobability sampling, there is no assurance that every element in the population has a chance of being included. Its main advantages are convenience and economy.39
In this study, the sampling technique was using purposive sampling. In purposive sampling was also referred to as judgment sampling. Sample elements judged to be typical, or representative, are chosen from the population. The assumption is that errors of judgment in the selection will counterbalance one another. Researchers often use purposive sampling for forecasting national elections. In each state, they choose a number of small
39 Donald Ary, Introduction to Research in Education 8th Edition (Canada : Nelson Education Ltd, 2010), 155
districts whose returns in previous elections have been typical of the entire state. They interview all the eligible voters in these districts and use the results to predict the voting patterns of the state. Using similar procedures in all states, the pollsters forecast the national results.40
According to Lincoln and Guba, specific characteristics of purposive samples are, 1) Temporary Sampling Design or temporary, 2) serial selection of sample units or rolling like a snow ball, 3) continuous adjustment or focusing of the sample or adapted to needs, 4) selection to the point of redundancy or selected until saturated. The use of purposive techniques aims to take several informant respondents related to the problems to be studied.41
The research subjects and informants in this study were as follows:
a) English Language teacher class VIII E at MTs Negeri 5 Jember b) Homeroom teacher VIII E
c) Students of class VIII E at MTs Negeri 5 Jember D. Data Collection Technique
Researcher used data collection on the type of qualitative research. It was the main instrument for finding data by interacting symbolically with the informant / subject under study. The data collection techniques used by researchers were :
40 Ibid., 156
41 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D (Bandung : Alfabeta, 2018), 301
a. Observation
Qualitative observation is when the researcher immediately took to the field to observe behavior and activities of individuals at the study.42 In conducting observation method, the researcher is as a participant. The researcher showed his role as an observer.43 Researcher is involved with the daily activities of people who are being observed or used as research data sources. While making observations, researchers take part in doing what data sources do.44
The data that wanted to get in this observation were : 1. The process of learning English by using audio visual media 2. Student learning habits during the learning process in class.
3. The application of audio visual media
4. Factors that become obstacles to students in understanding the material.
b. Interview
Esterberg (2002) gives the definition of interview is a meeting of two persons to exchange information and idea through question and responses, resulting in communication and joint construction of meaning about a particular topic.45 In this activity the researcher conducted interviews face to
42 John W Creswell, Research Design Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan Campuran, (Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar, 2016), 254
43 Ibid, 255
44 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D (Bandung : Alfabeta, 2018), 310
45 Ibid., 317
face with participants, interviewed them by telephone or involved in certain group interviews consisting of six to eight group participants.46
This study used a type of semi structural interview. This type of interview was included in the category of in-depth interviews, where in practice it was freer when compared to structured interviews. The purpose of this type of interview was to find problems more openly, where the parties invited to interview was asked for their opinions and ideas. In conducting interviews, the researcher needed to listen carefully and recorded what was said by the informant.47
Interview guidelines were used to avoid some problems that were forgotten by researchers and were used as guidance so that the interview process could be more directed and structured.
The data that researcher wanted to get in this observation were : 1. The process of learning English by using audio visual media 2. Student learning habits during the learning process in class.
3. The application of audio visual media
4. Factors that become obstacles to students in understanding the material.
c. Documentation
Bogdan said, in most tradition of qualitative research, the phrase personal document is used broadly to refer to any first narrative produced by an
46 John W Creswell, Research Design Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan Campuran, (Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar, 2016), 254
47 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D (Bandung : Alfabeta, 2018), 320
individual which describes his or her own actions, experience and belief.48 This document can be in the form of public documents such as newspapers, papers, office reports or private documents such as letters, e-mails, diaries.49
The data were obtained using documentation techniques were : 1) History of MTs Negeri 5 Jember.
2) Profile of MTs Negeri 5 Jember.
3) Plan for MTs Negeri 5 Jember.
4) Organizational structure of MTs Negeri 5 Jember.
5) Teachers and Employees of MTs Negeri 5 Jember Data.
6) Data on Students of MTs Negeri 5 Jember.
7) Data on Facilities and Infrastructures of MTs Negeri 5 Jember
8) Photograph of the learning process activities at MTs Negeri 5 Jember.
9) Photo of interview with informant at MTs Negeri 5 Jember.