BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ................. Error! Bookmark not defined
5.2 Saran
1. Perlu dilakukan peningkatan variasi suhu dan waktu pada proses catalytic
cracking minyak nyamplung untuk mendapatkan hasil selektivitas biofuel
yang optimum.
2. Dilakukan proses fraksinasi pada hasil biofuel yang diperoleh untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih murni.
64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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73 LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Perhitungan sintesis katalis NiCr/ZH A. Perhitungan
Logam NiCr (10%) dalam zeolit
NiCr = NiCr = 1,5 gram Ni-Cr (8:2) Logam Ni = Logam Ni = Logam Ni = 1,2 gram
Logam Cr = 1,5 gram – 1,2 gram Logam Cr = 0,3 gram Ni(NO3)2.6H2O Ni mol Ni = mol Ni = mol Ni = 0,020 mol Berat Ni(NO3)2.6H2O
Ni(NO3)2.6H2O = mol Ni x mr Ni(NO3)2.6H2O Ni(NO3)2.6H2O = 0,020 mol x 290,7949 g/mol Ni(NO3)2.6H2O = 5,816 gram Cr(NO3)2.6H2O Cr mol Cr = mol Cr = mol Cr = 0,0058 mol Berat Cr(NO3)2.6H2O
Cr(NO3)2.6H2O = mol Cr x mr Cr(NO3)2.6H2O Cr(NO3)2.6H2O = 0,0058 mol x 284,0949 g/mol Cr(NO3)2.6H2O = 1,648 gram
74 Lampiran 2. Perhitungan ukuran kristal zeolit
Sampel k λ (nm) (rad) θ (deg) Cos θ FWHM D (nm) Zeolit alam 0,9 0,15406 0,00703 22,4035 0,9245 0,40310 21,32 Zeolit hierarki 0,9 0,15406 0,00615 22,4225 0,9244 0,35260 24,40 NiCr/ZH 0,9 0,15406 0,00577 22,4049 0,9245 0,33110 25,99 β = FWHM x D = Zeolit alam : D = Zeolit hierarki : D = NiCr/ZH : D =
75 Lampiran 3. Hasil XRD
76 b. zeolit hierarki
77 c. NiCr/ZH
78 Lampiran 4. Hasil SAA
79 b. Zeolit hierarki
80 c. NiCr/ZH
81 Lampiran 5. Hasil analisis produk GCMS
a. Minyak nyamplung
Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name Similarity
1 29.659 18966286 14.43 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 94 2 32.375 38800740 29.53 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester 95 3 32.491 50851961 38.70 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester 94 4 32.888 22786429 17.34 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester 95 Total 131405416 100.00
82 b. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 1 jam)
Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name Similarity
1 3.217 482561 1.89 n-Heptane 91 2 4.308 469257 1.83 Toluene 52 3 4.933 535900 2.09 n-Octane 53 4 6.325 885487 3.46 Ethylbenzene 82 5 7.275 579972 2.27 n-Nonane 92 6 9.883 559008 2.19 n-Decane 59 7 11.800 448982 1.76 heptanoic acid 83 8 12.517 548123 2.14 n-undecane 51 9 14.250 280878 1.10 octanoic acid 82 10 15.050 590629 2.31 n-dodecane 91 11 16.617 405182 1.58 nonanoic acid 82 12 17.450 577478 2.26 n-tridecane 91 13 19.708 761356 2.98 n-tetradecane 93 14 21.857 5872580 22.96 n-pentadecane 97 15 23.883 806562 3.15 n-hexadecane 93 16 25.804 9091274 35.54 n-heptadecane 98 17 27.625 313010 1.22 n-octadecane 73 18 29.367 892611 3.49 n-eicosane 66 19 30.333 1481345 5.79 Hexadecanoic acid 84 Total 25582191 100.00
83 c. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 2 jam)
Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name Similarity
1 4.316 2121222 2.27 Toluene 96 2 4.939 3783267 4.04 n-Octane 91 3 6.330 3263809 3.49 Ethylbenzene 87 4 7.283 3115486 3.33 n-Nonane 97 5 9.896 2434044 2.60 n-Decane 96 6 12.526 2949217 3.15 n-Undecane 96 7 15.057 2462224 2.63 n-Dodecane 97 8 16.666 1332347 1.42 Nonoic acid 82 9 17.459 3038139 3.24 n-Tridecane 94 10 19.725 3531581 3.77 n-Tetradecane 96 11 21.872 22119163 23.62 n-Pentadecane 97 12 23.893 3437693 3.67 n-Hexadecane 96 13 25.138 1574757 1.68 1-Heptadecene 91 14 25.821 31158853 33.28 Heptadecane 98 15 27.639 1121897 1.20 n-Octadecane 92 16 29.381 2421770 2.59 n-Eicosane 92 17 30.369 2285659 2.44 Hexadecanoic acid 92 18 33.537 1478600 1.58 Octadecanoic acid 84 Total 93629728 100.00
84 d. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 3 jam)
Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name Similarity
1 3.109 1122881 2.06 1-Heptene 94 2 3.217 2113329 3.88 n-Heptane 95 3 4.313 1934725 3.55 Toluene 96 4 4.758 861399 1.58 1-Octene 90 5 6.327 2368066 4.35 Ethylbenzene 90 6 7.279 2091545 3.84 n-Nonane 45 7 9.892 1922572 3.53 n-Decane 96 8 12.522 1861155 3.42 n-undecane 81 9 15.055 1706164 3.13 n-Dodecane 95 10 17.458 2114301 3.88 Tridecane 92 11 19.724 2263419 4.16 n-tetradecane 95 12 21.869 12253095 22.50 n-Pentadecane 97 13 23.893 1814745 3.33 n-hexadecane 95 14 25.819 15629496 28.69 Heptadecane 98 15 27.642 625809 1.15 n-Octadecane 89 16 29.379 1160772 2.13 n-eicosane 90 17 30.370 1545611 2.84 n-Hexadecoic acid 91 18 33.542 1079386 1.98 Octadecanoic acid 81 Total 54468469 100.00
85 e. NiCr/ZH (T: 325oC, t : 3 jam)
Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name Similarity
1 3.158 588542 1.18 n-Heptane 89 2 4.225 549232 1.10 Toluene 88 3 4.850 1015638 2.03 n-octane 37 4 6.227 1463017 2.92 Ethylbenzene 82 5 7.181 1143119 2.28 n-Nonane 37 6 9.787 1008026 2.01 n-Decane 93 7 12.413 1020131 2.04 n-Undecane 91 8 14.941 901462 1.80 n-Dodecane 93 9 16.486 850528 1.70 Nonanoic acid 86 10 17.338 1247592 2.49 n-Tridecane 91 11 18.734 875526 1.75 Decanoic acid 85 12 19.607 1355021 2.71 n-Tetradecane 95 13 21.754 11809815 23.59 n-Pentadecane 97 14 23.775 1537252 3.07 n-Hexadecane 94 15 25.375 2647493 5.29 8-Heptadecene 87 16 25.703 17866489 35.70 n-Heptadecane 97 17 29.260 1280433 2.56 n-Eicosane 90 18 30.226 2893631 5.78 Hexadecanoic acid 93 Total 50052946 100.00
86 f. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 3 jam)
Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name Similarity
1 3.109 1122881 2.06 1-Heptene 94 2 3.217 2113329 3.88 n-Heptane 95 3 4.313 1934725 3.55 Toluene 96 4 4.758 861399 1.58 1-Octene 90 5 6.327 2368066 4.35 Ethylbenzene 90 6 7.279 2091545 3.84 n-Nonane 45 7 9.892 1922572 3.53 n-Decane 96 8 12.522 1861155 3.42 n-undecane 81 9 15.055 1706164 3.13 n-Dodecane 95 10 17.458 2114301 3.88 Tridecane 92 11 19.724 2263419 4.16 n-tetradecane 95 12 21.869 12253095 22.50 n-Pentadecane 97 13 23.893 1814745 3.33 n-hexadecane 95 14 25.819 15629496 28.69 Heptadecane 98 15 27.642 625809 1.15 n-Octadecane 89 16 29.379 1160772 2.13 n-eicosane 90 17 30.370 1545611 2.84 n-Hexadecoic acid 91 18 33.542 1079386 1.98 Octadecanoic acid 81 Total 54468469 100.00
87 g. NiCr/ZH (T: 375oC, t : 3 jam)
Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name Similarity
1 3.151 4588454 3.60 n-Heptane 95 2 3.247 1359754 1.07 2-Heptene 93 3 4.223 3610484 2.83 Toluene 96 4 4.848 6229744 4.89 n-Octane 92 5 5.141 1415282 1.11 3-Octene 87 6 6.218 4895898 3.84 Ethylbenzene 94 7 6.432 2076614 1.63 1,2-Dimethyl-benzene 90 8 7.176 4655736 3.65 n-Nonane 97 9 9.620 1214709 0.95 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 87 10 9.780 4573431 3.59 n-Decane 97 11 12.406 4722689 3.71 n-Undecane 96 12 14.935 4120526 3.23 n-Dodecane 96 13 17.333 4572668 3.59 n-Tridecane 94 14 19.600 5575871 4.37 n-Tetradecane 97 15 21.753 27490555 21.57 n-Pentadecane 97 16 23.769 4389154 3.44 n-Hexadecane 97 17 25.702 35600677 27.93 n-Heptadecane 98 18 27.514 1557580 1.22 n-Octadecane 93 19 29.253 2579437 2.02 n-Eicosane 93 20 33.402 2229193 1.75 Octadecanoic acid 90 Total 127458456 100.00
88 Lampiran 6. Perhitungan selektivitas biofuel
% Selektivitas gasolin =
% Selektivitas kerosin =
% Selektivitas diesel =
% Selektivitas asam lemak =
a. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 1 jam)
No Nama Senyawa Rumus
Molekul
Area % Area Fraksi
Gasolin Kerosin Diesel Asam Lemak 1 n-Heptane C7H16 482561 1,89 2 Toluene C7H8 469257 1,83 3 n-Octane C8H18 535900 2,09 4 Ethylbenzene C8H10 885487 3,46 5 n-Nonane C9H20 579972 2,27 6 n-Decane C10H22 559008 2,19 7 heptanoic acid C7H14O2 448982 1,76 Ket :
89 8 n-undecane C11H24 548123 2,14 9 octanoic acid C8H16O2 280878 1,10 10 n-dodecane C12H26 590629 2,31 11 nonanoic acid C9H18O2 405182 1,58 12 n-tridecane C13H28 577478 2,26 13 n-tetradecane C14H30 761356 2,98 14 n-pentadecane C15H32 5872580 22,96 15 n-hexadecane C16H34 806562 3,15 16 n-heptadecane C17H36 9091274 35,54 17 n-octadecane C18H38 313010 1,22 18 n-eicosane C20H42 892611 3,49 19 Hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2 1481345 5,79 Total 25582191 100 15,87% 30,50% 43,40% 10,23% % Selektivitas gasolin = = 15,87 % % Selektivitas kerosin = = 30,50 % % Selektivitas diesel = = 43,40 %
90 b. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 2 jam)
% Selektivitas gasolin = = 18,87 %
% Selektivitas kerosin = = 33,27 %
% Selektivitas diesel = = 42,42 %
% Selektivitas asam lemak = = 5,44 %
c. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 3 jam)
% Selektivitas gasolin = = 26,21 %
% Selektivitas kerosin = = 33,67 %
% Selektivitas diesel = = 35,31 %
% Selektivitas asam lemak = = 4,82 %
d. NiCr/ZH (T: 325oC, t : 3 jam)
% Selektivitas gasolin = = 13,56 %
% Selektivitas kerosin = = 30,60 %
% Selektivitas diesel = = 46,61 %
91 e. NiCr/ZH (T: 350oC, t : 3 jam)
% Selektivitas gasolin = = 26,21 %
% Selektivitas kerosin = = 33,67 %
% Selektivitas diesel = = 35,31 %
% Selektivitas asam lemak = = 4,82 %
f. NiCr/ZH (T: 375oC, t : 3 jam)
% Selektivitas gasolin = = 30,87 %
% Selektivitas kerosin = = 32,76 %
% Selektivitas diesel = = 34,62 %
92 Lampiran 7. Biodata diri
BIODATA MAHASISWA
IDENTITAS PRIBADI
Nama Lengkap : Raihan Hilmy Alim
Tempat, Tanggal Lahir : Jakarta, 15 September 1999
NIM : 11170960000042
Alamat : Jalan Kemanggisan Ilir GG.3 No.25 RT 04/13 Kec.Palmerah, Kel.Palmerah – Jakarta Barat
Telp/HP : 081280742528
Email : raihanhilmy165@gmail.com
RIWAYAT PENDIDIKAN
Perguruan Tinggi : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta (2017-2021)
Sekolah Menengah Atas : SMAS Al-Chasanah (2014-2017) Sekolah Menengah Pertama : SMP Muhammadiyah 26 (2011-2014) Sekolah Dasar : SDN Depok Jaya 1 (2005-2011) PENGALAMAN ORGANISASI
1. Himpunan Mahasiswa : Staff Magang Departemen Riset dan Teknologi Kimia (2018)
PENGALAMAN KERJA/MAGANG
1. BATAN : PKL 2020 dengan Judul Penelitian “Analisis Kandungan Fluorida dan Klorida pada Uranium Oksida dengan Metode Elektrode Ion Selektif”