• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

B. Saran

1. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan jumlah sampel ditambah .

2. Penelitian selanjutnya mengenai BMI dan rasio lipid (kolesterol total/HDL dan LDL/HDL) perlu mempertimbangkan responden yang mengkonsumsi jamu atau obat herbal serta responden perokok yang akan mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol.

54

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

American Heart Association, 2014a, Good vs Bad Cholesterol, http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholester ol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsp, diakses tanggal 17 Oktober 2014.

American Heart Association, 2014b, What Your Cholesterol Means?, http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholester ol/What-Your-Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_305562_Article.jsp, diakses tanggal 19 Oktober 2014.

Anggraeni, F. ,2009, Hubungan Antara Obesitas Sentral dengan Kadar Kolesterol LDL dan Kadar Trigliserida Pada Pasien Poli Rawat Jalan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSUD dr.Saiful Anwar Malang, Karya Tulis Akhir, FK UMM, Malang.

Anwar, T.B., 2004, Faktor Risiko Penyakit Jantung Koroner, http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/3472/3/gizi-bahri4.pdf.txt, diakses tanggal 18 Oktober 2014.

Bush, N.C., Alvarez. J.A., Hunter.G.R., Brock.D.W., Chandler-Laney.P.C., and Gower, B.A., 2010, Ethnicity-specific anthropometric predictors of metabolic risk inwomen , Int J Body Compos , 8(3),1,2.

Cahanar, P., dan Suhanda, I., 2006, Makan Sehat Hidup Sehat, Penerbit Buku Kompas, Jakarta, hal 88.

Cahyono, 2008, Gaya Hidup dan Penyakit Modern, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, hal. 68-69.

Chehrei, A., Sadrnia, S., Keshtei, A.M., Daneshmand, A., and Rezaaei, J., 2007, Correlation of dyslipidemia with waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and body mass index in Iranian adults, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr., 16(2),248- 253.

Cogill, B., 2003, Anthropometric Indicators Measurement Guide, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance,Washington DC, p.10.

Dahlan, M.S., 2011, Statistika untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, edisi V, Salemba, Jakarta, hal. 46, 53.

Darmawan,H., dan Irfanudin,2007, Effect of Age and Sex on The Association between Lipid Profile and Obesity among Telecomunication Workers in Palembang, Medical Journal of Indonesia, 16(4), 251-252.

55

Demy,F.D., 2009, Prevalensi Obesitas Pada Anak Taman Kanak- Kanak di Kelurahan Cikini, Kecamatan Menteng, DKI Jakarta, dan Hubungannya dengan Sedentary Life Anak, Skripsi, 6, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Dinas kesehatan provinsi sumatera utara, 2013, Cara Mudah Meningkatkan HDL,

Si Kolesterol baik Dalam Tubuh, http://dinkes.sumbarprov.go.id/berita- 191-cara-mudah-meningkatkan-hdl-si-kolesterol-baik-dalam-tubuh.html , diakses tanggal 17 Oktober 2013.

Dipiro, J.T., Talbert, R.L., Yee, G.C., Matzke, G.R., Wells, B.G., and Posey, L.M., 2008, Pharmacotherapy : A pathophysiologic Approach, Seventh edition, Mc Graw Hill, New York, pp. 386-388, 2437-2439.

Direktorat Bina Penunjang Medik, 2011, Uji Fungsi Alat Kimia Klinis dan Hematologi , Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, hal. 2. Eckel, R.H., Borra, S., Lichtenstein, A.H., and Yin-Piazza, S.Y., 2007,

Understanding the complexity of trans fatty acid reduction in the american diet : american heart association trans fat conference 2006 report of the trans fat conference planning group, Circulation, 115(16), 2231-2246. Ercho, N.C., Berawi, .K., dan Susantiningsih, T., 2014, Hubungan Obesitas

dengan kadar LDL dan HDL pada mahasiswa preklinik fakultas

kedokteran Universitas Lampung Tahun 2013,

http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&c ad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCQQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjuke.kedokter an.unila.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fmajority%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F176 %2F174&ei=1XBEVOS6O43juQShyICoDQ&usg=AFQjCNHONCApSA eZdslg7iwts2DFpIx2Gg&bvm=bv.77880786,d.c2E, diakses tanggal 20 Oktober 2014.

Ervin, R.B., 2009, Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults 20 Years of Age and Over, by Sex, Age, Race and Ethnicity, and Body Mass Index: United States 2003–2006, National Health Statistics Reports, 13, 1-8.

Gardjito, F.B., 2009, Korelasi kolesterol- HDL dengan IMT Pada penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta, Skripsi, v, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.

Garg, S., Vinutha, S., Karthiyanee, K., and Nachal, A., 2012, Relation between anthropometric measurements and serum lipid profile among cardiometabolically Healthy subjects: A pilot study, Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16 (5), 1-2.

Ghorbanian, B., 2012, Relation between anthropometric indicators and serum lipid profiles as cardiovascular risk factors personals of Iranian Azarbayjan

56

University of Shahid Madani, European Journal of Sports and Exercise Science, 1 (3) , 52-58.

Gibney, M.J., Margetts, B.M., and Kearney, J.M., 2008, Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, hal.211-212.

Gotera, W., Aryana, S., Suastika, K., Santoso, A., dan Kuswardhani,T., 2006 Hubungan antara Obesitas Sentral dengan Adiponektin pada Pasien Geritari dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner, J. Penyakit dalam, 7(2), 101- 104.

Hamabindu,Y., Sriharibabu, M., Alekhya,K., Saisumanth,K., Lakshmanrao,N., and Komali, K., 2013, Correlations between anthropometry and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic, Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17 (4), 727-732.

Harahap, T.R.A., 2011, Hubungan antara kadar kolesterol total dan kadar trigliserida dengan indeks massa tubuh pada pasien di instalasi patologi klinik RSUP H. Adam Malik medan. Karya Tulis Ilmiah, ii, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.

Hasselbring, B.,2014, How might my age and gender affect my cholesterol level ?,http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseasesconditions/cardiovascular/choleste rol/age-and-gender-and-cholesterol-level.htm, diakses tanggal 14 Januari 2015.

Herawati, Y. G., 2013, Korelasi Body Mass Index terhadap Rasio Kadar Kolesterol Total/HDL pada Mahasiswa Mahasiswi di Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta, Skripsi, xvii, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Hodoglugil, U., Williamson, D.W., Huang,Y., and Mahley, R.W.,2005, An interaction between the TaqIB polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein and smoking is associated with changes in plasma highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Turks, Clin Genet., 68(2), 118-27.

Indumati ,V., Patil, V.S., Krisnhaswamy. D., Satishkumar.D., Vijay. V., Mahesh. S ., et al., 2011, Non- HDL Cholesterol and LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio in Type II Diabetic Patient, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2 (2), 2.

Jalal, F., Indrawaty, N., Susanti, N., and Oenzil, F., 2008, Lingkar pinggang, Kadar Glukosa Darah, Trigliserida, dan Tekanan Darah Pada Etnis Minang di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat, M.Med.Indo, 43(3), 129- 136.

57

Kenny, T., 2011, HEART UK (the Hyperlipidaemia Education and

Atherosclerosis Research Trust UK),

http://www.patient.co.uk/pdf/13463.pdf, diakses tanggal 10 April 2014 Khanna, N., Sharma, R. S., and Sidhu, R. S., 2011, A Study of The Basic and

Derived Anthropometric Indices among The Healthy Adults (20-30 years of age) of Amritsar City (Punjab) Having Family History of Hypertension, Int. J. Biol. Med. Res., 2(3), 744.

Lemieux, I., Lamarche,B., Couillard, C., Pascot, A., Cantin, B., Bergeron, J., et al., 2001, Arch Intern Med., 161(22), 2685-2691.

Liem, E. T., Vonk, J.M., Sauer, P.J., van der Steege ,G., Oosterom , E., Stolk, R.P., et al., 2010, Influence of Common Variants Near INSIG2, in FTO, and Near MC4R Genes on Overweight and The Metabolic ProFile in

Adolescence: the TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives

Survey) Study, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 91(2), 321-331.

Lodico, M.G., Spaulding, D.T., and Voegtle, K.H., 2006, Methods in Educational Research : From Theory to Practice, John Wiley & Sons, San Fransisco, 227.

Mamat, 2010, Faktor- Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Kolesterol HDL di Indonesia (Analisis Data Sekunder IFLS 2007/2008), Tesis, 61,Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.

Mawi, M., 2011, Indeks Massa Tubuh sebagai Determinan Penyakit Jantung Koroner pada Orang Dewasa Berusia di atas 35 tahun, J. Kedokteran trisakti, 23(3), 87-88.

Millan, J., Pinto, X., Munoz, A., Zuniga, M., Rubies-Prat, J., Pallardo, L.F., et. al, 2009, Lipoprotein ratios : Physiological significance and clinical usefullness in cardiovascular prevention, Vascular Health Risk Management, 5 ,757-765.

Moll, J., 2009, What is Total Cholesterol Level ?, http://cholesterol.about.com/od/lipoproteins/a/totalcholesterol.htm, diakses tanggal 14 Maret 2014.

Mortimer, A., 2006, Standard Operating Procedure: Measuring Height, Sheffield Clinical Research Facility, 2.

Mortimer, A., 2010, Standard Operating Procedure: Measuring Weight using Non electronic scales, Sheffield Clinical Research Facility, 2.

58

Natalia, D., 2011, Korelasi Body Mass Index(BMI) dengan Abdominal Skinfold Thickness Terhadap Rasio Kadar LDL/HDL Pada staff Karyawan wanita Universitas Sanata Dharma, Skripsi, Universitas Sanata Dharma,Yogyakarta.

National Cholesterol Education Program, 2001, Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Executive Summary, National Institute of Health, USA, 3.

National Cholesterol Education Program, 2002, Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults , The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH Publication, 5215

National Institute of Health, What is Cholesterol?, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/ ,diakses tanggal 19 Oktober 2014.

Nooyens, A.C.J., Koppes,L.L.J., Visscher, T.L.S., Twisk, J.W.R., Kemper,H.C.G., Schuit, A.J., et al, 2007, Adolescent Skinfold Thickness is aBetter Predictor of High Body Fatness in Adults than is Body Mass Index: Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study, Am J ClinNutr., 85(6),1533-1543.

Notoatmodjo, S., 2010, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, hal.37,45.

Pangesti, B.W., 2013, Korelasi Body Mass Index (BMI) Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Pada Mahasiswa dan Mahasiswi di Kampus III Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta, Skripsi, xvi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Prayogie, R., 2011, Korelasi Body Mass Index (BMI) dan Triceps Skinfold Thickness Terhadap Rasio Kadar Kolesterol Total/HDL, Skripsi , 36- 40,Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Ristiana, S.D., 2013, Korelasi Body Mass Index (BMI) terhadap Rasio Kadar LDL/HDL Pada mahasiswa dan mahasiswi kampus III Universitas Sanata Dharma, Skripsi, 50-58, Universitas Sanata Dharma,Yogyakarta . Rolfes, S.R., Pinna, K., and Whitney E., 2011, Understanding Normal and

Clinical Nutrition, 9th Edition, Cengage Learning, Connecticut, pp.146-147. Rothman, K.. J., 2008, BMI-related Errors in the Measurement of Obesity,

59

Sanlier ,N., and Yabanci,N., 2007, Relationship between Body Mass Index, Lipids and Homocysteine levels in university student, J.Pak Med Assoc., 57 (10), 491.

Santrock, J.W., 2004, Life-Span Development, Ninth Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Sartika,R.A.D., 2008, Pengaruh Asam Lemak Jenuh, Tidak Jenuh, dan Asam Lemak Trans terhadap Kesehatan, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 2(4), 154-60.

Setiono, L.Y., 2012, Dislipidemia pada Obesitas dan Tidak Obesitas di RSUP DR. Kariadi dan Laboratorium Klinik Swasta di Kota Semarang, Karya Tulis Ilmiah, 44-47, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Shah ,S.Z.A., Devrajani, B.R., Devrajani ,T., Bibi, I., 2010, Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Obese versus Nonobese in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) and Waist Circumference (WC), Journal of Science, 62 (1), 27-31.

Shah, N.R., and Braverman, E.R., 2012, Measuring Adiposity in Patients: The Utility of Body Mass Index (BMI), Percent Body Fat, and Leptin, Plos One ,7(4), 1.

Shamai, L., Lurix.E., Shen, M., Novaro, G.M., Szomstein,S., Rosenthal, R., et al.,

2011, Association of Body Mass Index and Lipid Profiles: evaluation of a broad spectrum of body mass index patients including the morbidly obese, Obes Surg., 21(1), 1

Sihombing, M., dan Mutiara, S.D.T., 2014, Perancangan Aplikasi Android untuk Mengukur Indeks Massa Tubuh, Karya Ilmiah, 38, STMIK IBBI, Medan. Soeharto, I., 2002, Kolesterol dan Lemak Jahat Kolesterol dan Lemak Baik dan

Proses Terjadinya Serangan Jantung dan Stroke, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, hal. 163.

Sudikno, 2010, Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Kolesterol HDL, Jurnal Gizi Indonesia., 33 (2), 143-149.

Supardi, 2013, Aplikasi Statistika dalam Penelitian “ Konsep Statistika yang

Lebih Komperehensif, Change Publication, Jakarta, hal. 188.

Supariasa, Bakri, dan Fajar, 2002, Penilaian Status Gizi, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran, Jakarta, hal. 194-195.

60

Supriyono, M., 2008, Faktor- Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian

Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pada Kelompok Usia ≤ 45 tahun, tesis, 68-70,

Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Sutedjo, A.Y., 2009, Mengenal Penyakit Melalui Hasil Pemeriksaan Laboratorium, Amara books, Yogyakarta,hal 84-87.

Tomkin, G.H., Owens, D., 2012, LDL as a cause of atherosclerosis, The Open Atherosclerosis & Thrombosis Journal, 2 , 13-21.

Uranga, R.M., and Keller, J.N., 2010, Diet and Age Interactions with Regards to Cholesterol Regulation and Brain Pathogenesis, Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 1,2.

Weisell, R.C., 2002, Body Mass Index as An Indicator of Obesity, Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr., 11, S681-S684.

Wildman, R,P., Gu, D., Reynolds, K., Duan, X., and He, J., 2004, Appropriate Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Cutoffs for Categorization of Overweight and Central Adiposity Among Chinese Adults, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80,1129–1136.

Wirahadikusumah, M., 1985, BIOKIMIA Metabolisme Energi, Karbohidrat, dan Lipid, Penerbit ITB, Bandung, hal.175.

Wongkar, M.C., Kepel, B.J., dan Hamel, R.S., 2013, Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kadar Kolesterol Total pada Masyarakat di Kelurahan Bahu Kecamatan Malalayang, Manado, ejournal keperawatan (e-Kp), 1(1), 1 . World Health Organization, 2006, BMI Classification,,

http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html , diakses tanggal 18 Mei 2014.

World Health Organization, 2013, Cardiovascular Disease, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/, diakses tanggal 27 Februari 2014.

World Health Organization, 2014, Obesity and Overweight,

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/, diakses tanggal 20 Maret 2014.

Zhang, Z-q., Deng, J., He ,L-p., Ling ,W-h., Su ,Y-x., and Chen,Y-m., 2013, Comparison of Various Anthropometric and Body Fat Indices in Identifying Cardiometabolic Disturbances in Chinese Men and Women,

61

Dokumen terkait