• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.2 Saran

1. Perlu dilakukan ekstraksi dengan menggunakan komposisi buffer ekstraksi yang lain sehingga hasil kandungan protein dan asam amino yang didapatkan lebih besar.

2. Perlu dilakukan tahapan purifikasi lebih lanjut setelah ekstraksi agar pemisahan pita protein pada elektroforesis lebih spesifik.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Adnan M. (1997). Teknik Kromatografi untuk Analisis Bahan Makanan. Yogyakarta : Andi Yogyakarta.

Al-gaby, A. M. (1998). Amino Acid Composition and Biological Effects of Supplementing Broad Been and Com Protein with Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) Cake Protein,Nahrung. 42: 290-294.

Bachrudin Z. (1999). Petunjuk Laboratorium: Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Pewarnaan Protein. PAU BioteknologiUGM. Yogyakarta.

Bailey, P.D. (1990). An Introduction to Peptide Chemistry. Wiley interscience. New York.

Bamusa U.A dan Al-Hujaj A.Y. (2011). Sembuh dan Sehat dengan

Habbatussauda’ Obat Segala Penyakit. Aqwamedika. Solo. Hal : 34

Bintang, Maria. (2010). Biokimia Teknik Penelitian. Erlangga, Jakarta. Hal : 99, 103-106.

Bodanszky, M. (1993). Chemistry of Peptide, Spinger-Verlag, Berlin. Hal : 47-52.

Bonner, Philip, L.R. (2007). Protein Purification The Basics. Nottingham Trent University. Taylor & Francis Group. Hal : 31.

Bosch L, Alegria A, Farre R. (2006). Application of the 6-Aminoquinolyl-N- Hydroxysccinimidil Carbamate (AQC) Reagent to the RP-HPLC Determination of Amino Acid in Infant Foods. J.Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 831 (1-2):176-183.

Coligan, J, Dunn, B, Ploengh, H, Speicher, D, and Wingfield, P. (2007). “Current

Protocols in Protein Sciences,” Vol. 1.John Wiley & Sons, New York. Hal : 332- 340.

Departemen Kesehatan RI. (1979). Materia Medika Indonesia Jilid III. Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan. Jakarta. Hal : 114-117.

Departemen Kesehatan RI. (1985). Tanaman Obat Indonesia Jilid I. Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan : Jakarta. Hal. 33.

Departemen Kesehatan Republika Indonesia. (1989). Vademekum Bahan Obat Alam.Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan. Jakarta. Hal : 99-100. Fatmawati, U, Suranto dan Sajidan. (2009). Ekspresi Protein pada Mikroorganisme Resisten Cr dengan Metode Elektroforesis. Bioteknologi. 6 (1): 40-48.

Eriksson J, Janasson S, Papaefthimiou D, Rasmussen U and bergman B. (2009). Improving Derivatization Efficiency of BMAA Utilizing AccQ-Tag in a Complex Cyanobacterial Matrix.Departement of Botany, Stockholm University. 36:43-48.

Gilani Hassan A. (2004). A Review of Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Nigella sativa L,. Departement of Biological and Biomedical Science. 7(4): 441-451.

Gornall, A.G., Bardawill, C.S., and David, M.M.(1949). Determination of Serum Proteins by Means of the Biuret Method.J. Biol. Chem. 177:751-766.

Hailat, N., Bataineh, Z., Lafi, S. et al. (1995). Effect of Nigella sativa volatile oil on Jurkal T cell leukemia polypeptides. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 33, 16–20.

Halawani, Eman. (2009). Antibacterial Activity of Thymoquinone and Thymohydroquinone of Nigella sativa L. and Their Interaction with Some Antibiotics.Department of Biology Faculty of Science Taif University. 3 (5-6): 148-152.

Harborne, J.B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Penerbit ITB : Bandung. Hal 6-9.

Harli M. (2008). Asam Amino Esensial. http://www.suparmas.com. [4 september 2013 pukul: 07:00].

Haq, A., Remo, N. R., and Al-Sedairy, S. T. (1996). Fractionation of Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn) proteins byusing Rotofor. J. Liq. Chrom. Rel. Technol., 19, 593-599.

Haq, A, Abdullatif Mohammad, Lobob Peter I., Khabar, S.A. Khalid, Shet V. Kirtikant and Al-sedairy T.sultan. (1995). Nigella sativa: Effect on Human Lymphocytes and Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Phagocytic Activity.International Journal of Immunopharmacology 30. 147-155.

Haq, A, Lobob Peter I., Al-Tufailc Mohammad, Nona R. Ramaa, and Al-Sedairya, S.T. (1999). Immunomodulatory effect of Nigella Sativa Proteins Fractionated by Ion Exchange Chromatography.International Journal of Immunopharmacology 21. 283-295.

Haq, A, Abdullatif M, Lobo IP, Khabar, S.A.K, Sheth. V.K and Al-sedairy T.S. (1995). Nigella sativa; Effect on Human Lymphocytes and Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Phagocytic Activity.Immunopharmacology 30 (1995) 147-155.

Husgen AG, Scuhster R. 2001. HPLC for Food Analysis. Germany: Agilent Technoligies Company.

Indriati G dan Khaerati. (2009). Peluang Budidaya dan Manfaat Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa). Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Industri, Volume 15 Nomor 1. Hal 23-24.

Janson, J.C and Ryden, L. (1998). Protein Purification: Principles, High Resolution Methodes, and Applications, 2nd edition. A john willey & Sons Inc. Pub., Hal: 464-484.

Khanza, Abu. (2010). Fit and Fresh Through Habbatussauda. Cicero Publishing : Jakarta. Hal. 45-56.

Kurniati, Vita dan Wanadi, I,S. (2001). Pemisahan Protein Berdasarkan Berat Molekul dalam Buku Biokimia: Eksperimen Laboratorium.Biokimia FKUI. Hal. 35-37.

Linder M. C. (1992). Biokimia, Nutrisi dan Metabolisme (diterjemahkan oleh Aminuddin dan Amwila A,Y). Universitas Indonesia Press. Jakarta 89-115.

Masuda, A dan Dohmae, N. (2011). Amino Acid Analysis Of Sub-Picomolar Amounts of Proteins by Precolom Fluoresence Derivatization with 6- Aminoquinolyl-N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate. Jepang. Bioscience Trends; 5(6):231-238. DOI: 10.5582/bst.v5.6.231.

Michel, G. C. et al. (2010). Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of the Extracts of Nigella sativa L. Seed Waste.Drug Testing and Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI 10.1002/dta.225.

Nelson, D.L. dan Michael M.Cox. (2004). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry.4th Edition. New York: W.H. Freeman & Company.

Norsharina, ismail et al (2011). Thymoquinone Rich Fraction from Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone are Cytotoxic Towards Colon and Leukemic Carcinoma Cell Lines. Academic Journals. pp. 3359-3366.

Paarakh, Padmaa M. (2010). A Comprehensive Review Nigella sativa Linn. Department of Pharmacognosy, The Oxford College of Pharmacy. pp.409- 429.

Poedjiadi Anna, Supriyanti Titin F.M. (1994). Dasar-Dasar Biokimia Edisi Revisi. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI Press): Jakarta. Hal. 81, 109.

Salamah E. (1997). Analisis Kimia Menggunakan HPLC Bagian-I.Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Vol 3:1.

Salazar. C, Armenta JM, Cortes FD, and Shulaev V. (2012). Chapter :2 Combination of an AccQ-Tag Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatoghraphic Method with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Amino acids dalam Amino Acid Analysis: Methods and Protocols, Method in Molecular Biology.http://www.spinger.com/978-1-61779-444-5 diakses pada tanggal 4 September 2013 pukul 4:00.

Sastrohamidjojo, Hardjono. (1996). Sintesis Bahan Alam.Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Hal : 169.

Silvia. D. et al. (2012). The Effect of Different Extraction Temperature of the Screw Press on Proximate Compositions, Amino Acid Contens and Mineral Contents of nigella sativa Meal. American Journal of Food Technology. 7(4).180- 191.

Singh, gurdip. et al(2005). Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potentials of Essential Oil and Acetone Extract of Nigella sativa Seeds.Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University. 85:2297–2306.

Stryer L. (1995). Biokimia. Sadikin et al, penerjemah; Soebianto S, editor.Jakarta: EGC. Terjemahan dari:Biochemistry.

Sudarmadji S, Haryono B, dan Suhardi. (1981). Analisa Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian. Cetakan ke-3. Yogyakarta: Pusat Antar Universitas, Universitas Gajah Mada.

Sumardjo Damin. (2009). Pengantar Kimia. Buku Panduan Kuliah Mahasiswa Kedokteran dan Program Strata I Fakultas Bioeksakta. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC: Jakarta. Hal. 161-172.

Sumarno, Noegrohati S, Narsito dan Falah II (2002). Estimasi Kadar Protein dalam Bahan Pangan Melalui Analisis Nitrogen Total dan Analisis Asam Amino. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 13 (1), 34 – 43.

Swamy S.M.K. (1998). Cytotoxic and Immunopotentiating Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Nigella sativa L. Seeds.Department of Pharmacology, Faculty ofMedicine, National University of Singapore. 70 (2000) 1–7.

Wijaya SKS, Rahman L. (2005). Fraksinasi dan Karakterisasi Protein Utama Biji Kedelai. Fakultas MIPA Universitas Jember. Jember.

Winarno FG. (2008). Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.

Yeheya M. (2009). A Review Therapeutic Role of Phrophetic Medicine Habbat El Baraka (Nigella sativa L.). Departement of Pharmacy. 7 (9): 1203-1208.

Lampiran 1. Skema Prosedur Penelitian Secara Umum

Dokumen terkait