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BAB 6. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.2. Saran

Setelah dilakukan penelitian, dapat disampaikan beberapa saran sebagai berikut:

1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut seperti uji in vivo dan uji lainnya agar air perasan jeruk nipis dapat diketahui pengaruhnya dari berbagai aspek pengujian.

2. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh air perasan jeruk nipis tidak hanya terhadap bakteri lainnya tetapi juga jamur dan parasit.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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<http://eprints.undip.ac.id/37540/1/FITAROSONA_G2A007079_LAP.KTI. ppdf>. [17 April 2015].

Anggrahini, Shinta Putri. 2014. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Sebagai Antifungi terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

Secara In Vitro. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jawa Tengah. Available from: <eprints.ums.ac.id/31192/>. [26 Mei 2015].

Brooks, G.F., Janet, S. B., & Stephen, A. M. 2007. Jawetz, Melnick, &

Adelberg’s Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Edisi 25, trans. Nugroho, Aryandhito Widhi, et al. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. p: 204-210.

Buxton, Rebecca. 2010. Blood Agar Plates and Hemolysis: Streptococcus and

Other Catalase Negative Gram-Positive Cocci. ASM Microbe Library.

Available from:

<http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/2881- blood-agar-plates-and-hemolysis-streptococcus-and-other-catalase-negative- gram-positive-cocci>. [25 Mei 2015].

Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. 2012. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-Second Informational

Supplement. CLSI document M100-S22.

Cowan, Marjorie Murphy. 1999. Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 564-582. Available from:

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Dorland, W. N. 2011. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland Edisi 28. Jakarta: EGC. p: 248. Hariana, Arief. 2006. Tumbuhan Obat dan Khasiatnya. Jakarta: Niaga Swadaya.

p: 149.

Lasmayanty, M. 2007. Potensi Antibakteri Propolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp. terhadap Bakteri Kariogenik (Streptococcus mutans. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Available from: <http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/33159/G07mla.pdf ?sequence=11>. [25 Mei 2015].

Leman, Saharman. 2009. Demam Reumatik dan Penyakit Jantung Reumatik. In: Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Edisi Kelima Jilid II. Jakarta: Interna Publishing. p: 1662.

Mardiastuti, H.W., et al. Emerging Resistance Pathogen: Situasi Terkini di Asia, Eropa, Amerika Serikat, Timur Tengah, dan Indonesia. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 75-79. Available from:

<indonesia.digitaljournals.org/index.php/idnmed/article/download/490/491> [29 April 2015].

Mukhitasari, Dyna Ayu. 2012. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) terhadap Pertumbuhan Shigella dysenteriae Secara In Vitro. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Jember. Jawa Barat. Available from:

<http://repository.unej.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/3001/Dyna%20% Ayu%20Mukhtisari.pdf?sequence=1>. [24 Mei 2015].

Notoatmodjo, Soekidjo. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. p: 56-57.

Pradani, Ninditha Retno. 2012. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri

Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Jember. Jawa Barat. Available from:

<http://repository.unej.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/3115/Ninditha%2 0Retno%20Pradani.pdf?sequence=1> [22 Mei 2015].

Putra, Yoseph Arif. 2011. Aktivitas Antimikroba Air Perasan dan Ekstrak Etanol Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) In Vitro. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Kristen Maranatha. Jawa Barat. Available from:

<http://repository.maranatha.edu/2474/1/0810122_Abstract_TOC.pdf> [18 April 2015].

Razak, Abdul, Aziz Djamal, & Gusti Revilla. 2013. Uji Daya Hambat Air Perasan Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri

Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 5-8. Available from: <http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id>. [27 Maret 2015].

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<www.medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=ijtmed.2007.113.117>. [25 Mei 2015].

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DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENELITI

Nama : Septami Putri Hajati Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan

Tempat / Tanggal Lahir : Palembang / 8 September 1994 Kewarganegaraan : Indonesia

Agama : Islam

Alamat : Jalan Universitas no. 48, Medan Email : septamip@yahoo.com

Riwayat Pendidikan :

1. Sekolah Dasar IBA Palembang (2000-2006)

2. Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 9 Palembang (2006-2009) 3. Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 17 Palembang (2009-2012) 4. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara (2012-sekarang) Riwayat Organisasi :

1. Anggota Divisi Kemuslimahan FULDFK Wilayah 1 tahun 2013-2014 2. Anggota Divisi NAPZA SCORA FK USU tahun 2013-2014

3. Anggota Divisi Kenaziran Panitia Hari Besar Islam (PHBI) FK USU tahun 2013-2014

4. Anggota Divisi Kenaziran Badan Kenaziran Masjid (BKM) Ar Rahmah FK USU tahun 2014-2015

HASIL UJI STATISTIK

Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov

Uji Homogenitas Levene

Test of Homogeneity of Variances Diameter

Levene Statistic

df1 df2 Sig.

8,888 6 21 ,000

One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Diameter

N 28

Normal Parametersa,b

Mean 1,5893 Std. Deviation 2,32846 Most Extreme Differences Absolute ,320 Positive ,320 Negative -,247 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1,691

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,007 a. Test distribution is Normal.

Uji Kruskal – Wallis Ranks Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Diameter K (-) 4 4,50 6,25& 4 4,50 12,5% 4 10,50 25% 4 17,50 50% 4 17,50 100% 4 21,50 K (+) 4 25,50 Total 28

Test Statisticsa,b Diameter Chi-Square 24,581

Df 6

Asymp. Sig. ,000

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Uji Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons dengan metode Mann-Whitney

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter

K (-) 4 4,50 18,00

6,25% 4 4,50 18,00

Test Statisticsa

Diameter

Mann-Whitney U 8,000

Wilcoxon W 18,000

Z ,000

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1,000 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] 1,000b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties.

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter K (-) 4 2,50 10,00 12,5% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter K (-) 4 2,50 10,00 25% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties.

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter K (-) 4 2,50 10,00 50% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter K (-) 4 2,50 10,00 100% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties.

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter K (-) 4 2,50 10,00 K (+) 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 6,25% 4 2,50 10,00 12,5% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties.

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 6,25% 4 2,50 10,00 25% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 6,25% 4 2,50 10,00 50% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties.

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 6,25% 4 2,50 10,00 100% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 6,25% 4 2,50 10,00 K (+) 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,530

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,011 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties. Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 12,5% 4 2,50 10,00 25% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,428

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,015 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 12,5% 4 2,50 10,00 50% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,428

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,015 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties. Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 12,5% 4 2,50 10,00 100% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,428

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,015 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 12,5% 4 2,50 10,00 K (+) 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,428

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,015 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties. Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 25% 4 3,50 14,00 50% 4 5,50 22,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U 4,000 Wilcoxon W 14,000 Z -1,214

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,225 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,343b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 25% 4 3,50 14,00 100% 4 5,50 22,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U 4,000 Wilcoxon W 14,000 Z -1,214

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,225 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,343b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties. Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 25% 4 3,50 14,00 K (+) 4 5,50 22,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U 4,000 Wilcoxon W 14,000 Z -1,214

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,225 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,343b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 50% 4 2,50 10,00 100% 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,428

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,015 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties.

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 50% 4 2,50 10,00 K (+) 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,428

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,015 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

Npar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Konsentrasi N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Diameter 100% 4 2,50 10,00 K (+) 4 6,50 26,00 Total 8 Test Statisticsa Diameter Mann-Whitney U ,000 Wilcoxon W 10,000 Z -2,428

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,015 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] ,029b a. Grouping Variable: Konsentrasi

b. Not corrected for ties.

Uji Regresi Linier

Variables Entered/Removeda Mode l Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 Kob . Enter

a. Dependent Variable: diameter b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summary Mode l R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 ,919a ,845 ,837 ,22014 a. Predictors: (Constant), Ko

ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 4,760 1 4,760 98,213 ,000b Residual ,872 18 ,048 Total 5,632 19

a. Dependent Variable: diameter b. Predictors: (Constant), Ko Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -,620 ,169 -3,674 ,002 Ko 1,145 ,116 ,919 9,910 ,000

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Gambar 1. Zona hambat pada replikasi I

Gambar 1. Zona hambat pada replikasi II

Gambar 1. Zona hambat pada replikasi III

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