BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.2 Saran
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Kesimpulan
Dari hasil pengujian serta pengambilan data pada pengukur kuat medan elektromagnetik untuk sistem pemetaan dan pengawasan frekuensi radio FM berbasis sistem informasi geografis, dapat diambil kesimpulan:
1. Antena Yagi 2 elemen memiliki rentang kerja pada frekuensi 86 MHz sampai dengan 113 MHz, sehingga dapat menerima gelombang radio FM yang dialokasikan pada frekuensi 87 MHz sampai dengan 108 MHz.
2. Kegagalan kinerja rangkaian penyangga menyebabkan alat ukur kuat medan elektromagnetik tidak dapat mendeteksi level tegangan sinyal IF (Intermediate Frequency) dengan baik dan berdampak langsung pada hasil konversi volt ke daya. 3. Hasil Pengukuran kuat medan elektromagnetik dalam dBm, dBµV, dan dBµV/m dari stasiun radio FM yang berlokasi di 3 tempat yaitu terminal Condong Catur, terminal Manisrenggo Klaten, dan balai desa Banaran Playen diperoleh hasil pengukuran yang tidak akurat.
5.2. Saran
Saran-saran bagi pengembangan selanjutnya adalah:
1. Rangkaian penyangga sinyal IF (Intermediate Frequency) sebaiknya menggunakan penguat operasional yang diaplikasikan khusus sebagai penguat sinyal RF.
2. Rangkaian ADC ATMega8535 sebaiknya menjadi satu dengan rangkaian penyangga agar derau yang timbul dapat diminimalkan.
3. Diperlukan rangkaian radio pada pengukur kuat medan elektromagnetik untuk meningkatkan keakuratan pemilihan stasiun radio FM.
60
[1] Li, Su., Han, Zhongming., dkk. 2008. A Web Geographical Information System Applied to Radio Station Information Management. Diseminarkan pada International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology. [2] Kraus, John D., Marhefka, Ronald J. 2002. Antenna For All Applications. New
Jersey; Mc Graw Hill.
[3] http://yb1zdx.arc.itb.ac.id/data/orari-diklat/pemula/teknik/antenna-yagi.pdf, [4] http://yagi-uda.com/, diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010.
[5] http://www.avsforum.com/, diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010.
[6] http://yb1zdx.arc.itb.ac.id/data/orari-diklat/BeON/beon0402.pdf, diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010.
[7] http:// purwanto-apriana.blogspot.com/2009/12/fm-receiver.html, diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010.
[8] http://sontax.indonetwork.co.id/1222169/display-fm.htm, diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010.
[9] http://users.cscs.wmin.ac.uk/~wooda/components/opamps/, diakses tanggal 1 Oktober 2010.
[10] http://www.toko-elektronika.com/tutorial/analog1.htm, diakses tanggal 1 Oktober 2010.
[11] http://m-edukasi.net/online/2007/filterdanregulator/filter.html, diakses tanggal 1 Oktober 2010.
[12] Wardana, Lingga. 2006. Belajar Sendiri Mikrokontroler AVR Seri ATMega8535 Simulasi, Hardware, Dan Aplikasi. Yogyakarta; C.V. Andi Offset.
[13] http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/12032/1/09E01420.pdf, diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010
[14] Prasetia, Retna., Widodo, Catur Edi. 2004. Teori dan praktek interfacing port pararel dan port serial computer dengan Visual Basic 6.0. Yogyakarta; C.V. Andi Offset.
[15] ---,2004. Data Sheet MAX232, Texas Instrument.
[16] http://freecircuitdiagram.com/2009/04/24/ttl-rs232-level-converter-using-max232-ic/, diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010.
[17] http://www.referencedesigner.com/rfcal/cal_02.php , diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2010 [18] http://www.ahsystems.com/notes/TYPICAL_CONVERSION_FORMULAS.pdf, 1 Februari 2010 [19] http://emc.toprudder.com/formulas2.pdf, 1 Februari 2010 [21] http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/propagation/path-loss/free-space-formula-equation.php, 1 Februari 2010
[22] Suryana, Taryana. 2009.Visual Basic. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
1
Listing Program Visual Pada Komputer
From1 (Pengukur Kuat Medan Elektromagnetik.frm)
---
Private CN As New ADODB.ConnectionPublic RS As New ADODB.Recordset
---
Private Sub connect()On Error GoTo konekErr Dim ConString As String Dim Error As String Dim DataPath As String
DataPath = App.Path & "\stasiun_radio_jogja7.mdb"
ConString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & DataPath & ";Persist Security Info=False;"
If (CN.State = adStateOpen) Then CN.Close
Set CN = New ADODB.Connection End If
CN.Open ConString
CN.CursorLocation = adUseClient Exit Sub
konekErr:
MsgBox "Gagal menghubungkan ke Database ! Kesalahan pada : " & err.Description, vbCritical, "Peringatan"
End Sub
---
Private Sub Form_Load()On Error GoTo konekErr1 connect
RS.Open "select * from tb_data_FSM ", CN, adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic Set DataGrid1.DataSource = RS MSComm1.RThreshold = 1 MSComm1.InputLen = 1 MSComm1.Settings = "9600,N,8,1" MSComm1.DTREnable = False MSComm1.CommPort = 1 MSComm1.PortOpen = True Exit Sub konekErr1:
MsgBox "Gagal menghubungkan Port, pastikan alat tersambung dengan komputer" End Sub
---
Private Sub MSComm1_OnComm()Dim sData As String
If MSComm1.CommEvent = comEvReceive Then sData = MSComm1.Input
txtDataUc.Text = Asc(Mid$(sData, 1, 2)) End If
End Sub
---
Private Sub CmdSimpan_Click()On Error GoTo konekErr2 If (State = fsAdd) Then form1.RS.AddNew End If With form1 .RS("Jarak").Value = txtJarak.Text .RS("dBm").Value = txtdBm.Text .RS("dBuV").Value = txtdBuV.Text .RS("dBuVm").Value = txtdBuVm.Text .RS.Update End With Exit Sub konekErr2:
MsgBox "Gagal menyimpan,pastikan parameter pengukuran sudah terisi dan lokasi penyimpanan sudah dipilih "
End Sub
---
Private Sub CmdUkur_Click()On Error GoTo konekErr3 Dim Vm1 As Currency Dim a, b, c As Double v = txtDataUc.Text freq = txtFreq.Text meter = txtJarak.Text c = v / 51 txtvolt.Text = Format(c, "#,##0.00") a = (10 * Log((v / 10 ^ 5) ^ 2 / 0.05)) / Log(10) txtdBm.Text = Format(a, "#,##0.00") txtdBuV.Text = txtdBm.Text + 107 watt = 10 ^ ((txtdBm.Text - 30) / 10) AF = 9.73 / (3 * Sqr(5))
dBi = ((20 * Log(100)) / Log(10)) + AF + 29.79 Gain_numeric = 10 ^ (dBi / 10)
Vm1 = Sqr(30 * watt * Gain_numeric) Vm = Vm1 / (1000)
dBuVm = ((20 * Log(Vm)) / Log(10)) + 120 EIRP = dBuVm - 1.41 + dBi
Lbf = 32.45 + ((20 * Log(freq)) / Log(10)) + ((20 * Log(meter)) / Log(10)) GR = 5
b = EIRP - Lbf - GR
txtdBuVm.Text = Format(b, "#,##0.00") Exit Sub
MsgBox " proses perhitungan tidak dapat berjalan, pastikan semua parameter pengukuran sudah terisi"
End Sub
---
Private Sub CmdReset_Click()txtDataUc.Text = Clear txtJarak.Text = Clear txtFreq.Text = Clear txtdBm.Text = Clear txtdBuV.Text = Clear txtvolt.Text = Clear txtdBuVm.Text = Clear End Sub
---
Private Sub cmdQuery_Click()frmQuery.Show End Sub
---
Private Sub CmdBantuan_Click()frmHelp.Show End Sub
---
Private Sub CmdKeluar_Click()End End Sub
================================================================
Frm Query (frm Query.frm)
---
Private CN As New ADODB.ConnectionPublic RS As New ADODB.Recordset
---
Private Sub connect()On Error GoTo err Dim ConString As String Dim Error As String Dim DataPath As String
DataPath = App.Path & "\stasiun_radio_jogja7.mdb"
ConString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & DataPath & ";Persist Security Info=False;"
If (CN.State = adStateOpen) Then CN.Close
Set CN = New ADODB.Connection End If
CN.Open ConString
CN.CursorLocation = adUseClient Exit Sub
Error = "Error Number : " & err.Number & vbCrLf & _ "Error Message : " & err.Description
MsgBox Error End Sub
---
Private Sub Form_Load()connect
RS.Open "select * from [FSM2 QUERY] ", CN, adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic Set DataGrid1.DataSource = RS
End Sub
Listing Program pada mikrokontroler ATMega8535
/***************************************************** This program was produced by the
CodeWizardAVR V1.25.8 Professional Automatic Program Generator
© Copyright 1998-2007 Pavel Haiduc, HP InfoTech s.r.l. http://www.hpinfotech.com
Project : Version :
Date : 7/17/2010
Author : Ari Wibowo Company : TE USD Comments:
Chip type : ATmega8535 Program type : Application Clock frequency : 8.000000 MHz Memory model : Small
External SRAM size : 0 Data Stack size : 128
*****************************************************/ #include <mega8535.h>
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions #asm
.equ __lcd_port=0x18 ;PORTB #endasm
#include <lcd.h>
// Standard Input/Output functions #include <stdio.h>
#include <delay.h>
#define ADC_VREF_TYPE 0x60 const long int osilator=12000000; unsigned long int UBRR;
void InisialisasiUART( unsigned long int baud_rate) {
// USART initialization
// Communication Parameters: 8 Data, 1 Stop, No Parity // USART Receiver: On
// USART Transmitter: On // USART Mode: Asynchronous // USART Baud Rate:
UBRR = (osilator/(16*baud_rate))-1; UCSRA=0x00; UCSRB=0x18; UCSRC=0x86; UBRRH=UBRR>>8; UBRRL=UBRR; } int data1,a=0; long int tegangan; char baris[5]; //char baris1[5]; long int h,PV,i; char ad0[1]; char ad1[2];
// Read the 8 most significant bits // of the AD conversion result
unsigned char read_adc(unsigned char adc_input) {
ADMUX=adc_input | (ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
// Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage delay_us(10);
// Start the AD conversion ADCSRA|=0x40;
// Wait for the AD conversion to complete while ((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);
ADCSRA|=0x10; return ADCH; }
// Declare your global variables here void main(void)
{
// Declare your local variables here // Input/Output Ports initialization // Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In // State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;
// Port B initialization
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T PORTB=0x00;
DDRB=0x00;
// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In // State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0x00;
// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In // State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0x00;
// Timer/Counter 0 initialization // Clock source: System Clock // Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped // Mode: Normal top=FFh // OC0 output: Disconnected TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00; OCR0=0x00;
// Timer/Counter 1 initialization // Clock source: System Clock // Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped // Mode: Normal top=FFFFh // OC1A output: Discon. // OC1B output: Discon. // Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge // Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt: Off // Input Capture Interrupt: Off // Compare A Match Interrupt: Off // Compare B Match Interrupt: Off TCCR1A=0x00; TCCR1B=0x00; TCNT1H=0x00; TCNT1L=0x00; ICR1H=0x00; ICR1L=0x00; OCR1AH=0x00; OCR1AL=0x00; OCR1BH=0x00; OCR1BL=0x00; // Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock // Clock value: Timer 2 Stopped // Mode: Normal top=FFh // OC2 output: Disconnected ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00; TCNT2=0x00; OCR2=0x00;
// External Interrupt(s) initialization // INT0: Off
// INT1: Off // INT2: Off MCUCR=0x00; MCUCSR=0x00;
// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization TIMSK=0x00;
// USART initialization
// Communication Parameters: 8 Data, 1 Stop, No Parity // USART Receiver: Off
// USART Transmitter: On // USART Mode: Asynchronous // USART Baud Rate: 9600
//UBRR = (osilator/(16*baud_rate))-1; //UCSRA=0x00; //UCSRB=0x08; //UCSRC=0x86; //UBRRH=0x00; //UBRRL=0x33;
// Analog Comparator initialization // Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00; // ADC initialization
// ADC Clock frequency: 62.500 kHz // ADC Voltage Reference: AVCC pin // ADC High Speed Mode: Off
// ADC Auto Trigger Source: None // Only the 8 most significant bits of // the AD conversion result are used ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff; ADCSRA=0x87;
// LCD module initialization lcd_init(16); InisialisasiUART(9600); h=1;i=0; while (1) {
// Place your code here data1=read_adc(0); tegangan=((data1*100)/51); while(a==0) { //delay_ms(10); putchar (data1); a=1; } while(h==1) { PV=tegangan; if(tegangan<100) {i=0;h=0;} else { while(PV>100) {PV=PV-100;i++;} h=0; } } // Tampilkan LCD lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("LEVEL SINYAL IF="); delay_ms(180); sprintf(ad0,"V=%d",i); lcd_gotoxy(0,1);lcd_puts(ad0); delay_ms(180); lcd_gotoxy(3,1);lcd_putsf(","); sprintf(ad1,"%d",PV); lcd_gotoxy(4,1);lcd_puts(ad1); delay_ms(180); sprintf(baris,"ADC=%d",data1); lcd_gotoxy(9,1);lcd_puts(baris); delay_ms(180); h=1;i=0; }; }
Gambar Antena Yagi 2 Elemen
Gambar Pengukuran Kuat medan Elektromagnetik