Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini, maka untuk menyempurnakan hasil yang diperoleh, penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mempelajari karakteristik enzim ligninase, xilanase maupun selulase yang dimiliki oleh isolat Actinomycetes AcP-1 dan AcP-7 agar lebih spesifik. Saran ini
dilatarbelakangi oleh peningkatan efektifitas penguraian senyawa lignoselulosa pada jerami padi berdasarkan beberapa parameter optimum, agar enzim-enzim
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akin, DE., Rigsby, LL., Sethuaman, A., Morrison, WH., Gamble, GR., Eriksson, KEL. 1995. Alteration in structure, chemistry, and biodegradability of grass lignocelluloses treated with the white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis
subvermispora and Cyathus stercoreus. Appl Environ Microbiol 61: 1591-1598.
Alexander, M. 1977. Introduction to Soil Microbiology, 2nd ed. Wiley J, and Sons. Inc. New York.
AOAC. 1982. Official Method of Analyysis of The Association of Official Analytical Chemist Vol 2A AOAC Int. Washington.
Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS) Provinsi Lampung. 2012.
http://www.lampung.bps.go.id/?r=brs/index&brs=43. diakses tanggal 13 September 2012 jam 18:45.
Beg, QK., Bhushan, B., Kapoor, M., Hoondal, GS. 2000. Production and
characterization of thermostable xylanase from a Streptomyces sp. QG-11-33. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 24: 396-402.
Bjerre, AB., Olesen, AB., Fernqvist, T. 1996. Pretreatment of wheat straw using combined wetoxidation and alkaline hydrolysis resulting in convertible cellulose and hemicelluloses. Biotechnol and Bioeng 49: 568-577.
Cahela, DR., Lee, YY., Chambers, RP. 1983. Modeling of percolation process in hemicellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 25: 3–17.
Campbell, NA. 1999. Biology, Ed. ke-2, Erlangga. Jakarta 3: 361-363 Dashtban et al., 2009. Fungal Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Residue:
Opportunities and Perspectives. Int J Biol Sci 17: 578-595.
Datta, R. 1981. Acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulose-acid yield and conversionof components. Biotechnol and Bioeng 23: 2167-2170.
Ensign, JC. 1992. Introduction to the Actinomycetes in: Balows, A., Truper, H., Drowkin, M., Harder, W., Schleifer, KH., editor. The Procaryotes, A Handbook on The Bacteria: Ecophysiol, Isolat, Identificat, Application. Vol 1 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag. New York.
Fengel, D., and Wegener, G. 1995. Kayu: Kimia, Ultra Struktur, Reaksi. Penerjemah Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo, Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta 129: 317-446.
Fridia, T. 1989. Pengaruh Cara Delignifikasi Terhadap Sakarifikasi Limbah Lignoselulosik. [Skripsi] Fateta IPB. Bogor.
Fujita, M., and Harada, H. 1991. Ultrastructure and formation of wood cell wall. p. In Hon, DNS and Shiraishi, N. Ed. Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry. Inc. New York. Marcel Dekker 56: 3–57.
Gawande, PV., and Kamat, MY. 1999. Production of Aspergillus Xylanase by Lignocellulosic Waste Fermentation and its Application. J of Appl Microbiol 87: 511 – 519.
Hatakka, AI. 1983. Pretreatment of wheat straw by whiterot fungi for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. Appl Microbiol and Biotechnol 18: 350-357. Hendriks, ATWM., and Zeeman, G. 2009. Pretreatments to Enhance the
Digestibility of Lignocellulose Biomass. Biores Technol 8: 10-18. Hakim, LI. 2009. Studi Hidrolisis Selulosa Jerami Padi Menggunakan
Actinomycetes Isolat Lokal. [Skripsi] Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.
Hinman, ND., Schell, DJ., Riley, CJ., Bergeron, PW., Walter, PJ. 1992.
Preliminary estimate of the cost of ethanol production for SSF technology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 10: 639–649.
Ikhsan, D., Yulianto, ME., Hartati, I. 2009. Hidrolisis Enzimatis untuk Produksi Bioetanol dari Biomassa Jerami Padi. J Pengembangan Bioreaktor. Ingram, LO., and Doran, JB. 1995. Conversion of Cellulosic Materials to
Ethanol. FEMS Microbiol Reviews Elsevier 6: 235-241.
Jeffries, TW. 1994. Biodegradation of lignin and hemicelluloses. dalam: Ratledge C. (ed). Biochem of Microbial Degradation. Kluwer Academic Publishers Netherlands pp 44: 233–277.
Jonathan et al., 2008. Fermentation of soybean hulls to ethanol while preserving protein value. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College,
Kosaric, NA., Wieczorek, GP., Cosentino, RJ., Magee, JE., Prenosil. 1983. Ethanol fermentation. In Biotechnology, ed. Rehm HJ. and Ree G, ed. Dellweg H, Verlag Chemie. Weinheim, pp 128: 257-385
Miller, GL. 1959. Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar, Analytical Chemistry 2: 426-428.
Mitchel, D., Krieger, N., and Berovic, M. 2006. Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Moo-Young, M., Moriera, A., Tengerdy, R. 1983. Principles of solid state fermentation, Dalam The Filamentous Fungi. Fungal Technol, Smith JE, Berry DR, Kristiansen B, Vol, 4 eds, Edward Arnold Publishers. London. Moore, HK. 1919. Process of Making Ethyl Alcohol from Wood. United State of
America 217: 323-540
Mosier, N., Wayman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, YY., Holtzapple, M., Ladisch M. 2005. Features of Promising Technologies for Pretreatment of
Lignocellulose. Biores Technol 13: 673-686.
Mulder, M. 1996. Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, 2nd Edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Pandey, A., Ricardo, C., Larroche, C. 2008. Current Developments in Solid-state Fermentation, Asiatech Publishers. Inc. New Delhi.
Paul, EA., and Clark, FE. 1989. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. 2nd Edition. Academic press. London.
Pasti, BM., Pometto, L., Anthony, N., Marco, P., Crawford, LD. 1990. Lignin-Solubilizing Ability of Actinomycetes Isolated from Termite (Termitidae) Gut, University of Padua. Italy.
Perez, J., Munoz-Dorado, J., dela, RT., Martinez, J. 2002. Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview. Int Microbiol 10: 53-63.
Rao, NSS. 1994. Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth, Oxford and IBM Publishing Co. London.
Saha, BC. 2004. Lignocellulose Biodegradation and Application in
Biotechnology. US Government Work. American Chemical Society 12: 2-14.
Sanchez, OJ., and Cardona, CA. 2007. Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks. Bioresource Technology. j biortech 10: 1016
Septiyana. 2010. Studi Hidrolisis Hemiselulosa Jerami Padi Menggunakan Actinomycetes Isolat Lokal. [Skripsi] jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.
Sivers, MV., and Zacchi, G. 1995. A techno-economical comparison of three processes for the production of ethanol from pine. Bioresour Technol 9: 43-52.
Sixta, H. 2006. Multistage kraft pulping, handbook of pulp. ed. Wiley-VCH 40: 325-365.
Sjostrom, E. 1995. Kimia Kayu, Dasar-Dasar dan Penggunaan. Ed 2. Sastrohamidjojo H, penerjemah, Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Sun, Y., and Cheng, JJ. 2002. Hydrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Ethanol Production: A Review. Bioresc Technol 10: 1–11.
Taherzadeh, M., and Karimi, K. 2008. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste to improve ethanol and biogas production, a review. Int J Mol Sci 30: 1621-1651.
Takagi, M., Abe, S., Suzuki, G., Emert, G., Yata, N. 1977. A method for production of alcohol direct from cellulose using cellulase and yeast. Proceedings of the Bioconvers Symposium IIT. Delhi 20: 551-571. Vadiveloo, J., Nurfariza, B., Fadel, JG. 2009. Nutritional improvement of rice
husks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 56: 299-355.
Vidal, PF., and Molinier, J. 1988. Ozonolysis of lignin – improvement of in vitro digestibility of poplar sawdust. Biomass 16 1–17.
Widiastuti, dan Panji, T. 2008. Pola Aktivitas Enzim Lignolitik Pleurotus Ostreatus Pada Limbah Sludge Pabrik Kertas. Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia. Bogor 16151. Indonesia
Yadav, M., Yadav, KDS. 2005. Enzymatic characteristic of ligninperoxidases from Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus terreus using n-propanol as substrate. J Ind of Biochem and Biophys 3: 48-51. Yamac, M., and Tamer, AU. 2008. Lignin degradation and acid precipitable
polymeric lignin (APPL) accumulation by selected Streptomyces strain in submerged and solid state culture system. JABS 6:55-61.
Yoanita. 2009. Studi Hidrolisis Lignin Jerami Padi Menggunakan Actinomycetes Isolat Lokal. [Skripsi] Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.