Hasil karakterisasi SFC pencampuran antara minyak sawit, stearin, dan minyak kelapa diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk menciptakan produk baru bagi PT SMII. Selain itu, pencampuran lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan tambahan seperti emulsifier sehingga dapat membantu menghasilkan pengujian karakter oil blend yang lebih baik untuk jenis minyak yang berbeda seperti pada pengujian minyak sawit dan minyak kelapa.
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44 Lampiran 1. Tata letak pabrik PT SMII
46 Lampiran 3. Nilai SFC tipikal untuk beberapa produk shortening
Tipe shortening Solid (%) at 10⁰C Solid (%) at 21.1⁰C Solid (%) at 26.7⁰C Solid (%) at 33.3⁰C Solid (%) at 37.8⁰C Solid (%) at 40⁰C Stick margarine 28 16 12 2-3 0 NR
Soft tub product 13 8 6 2 0 NR
Liquid oil + 5% hard fat 7 6 6 5.4 4.8 NR Baker’s margarine 27 18 16 12 8 NR Roll-in margarine 29 24 22 16 12 NR All purpose shortening 23 19 NR 14 NR 11
26 19 NR 13 NR 7
Modified lard 25 11 9 6 3 NR
Lard 25 20 12 4 2 NR
Icing shortening 34 28 27 22 18 NR Pie crust shortening 23 20 18 12 NR 4 Fluid shortening 8 8 NR 7 NR 6 Frying fats 42 29 NR 13 NR 3 Filler fat 44 30 25 13 NR 2.5 Puff pastry 26 24 23 22 21 NR NR 21 20 16 15 NR (Chrysam, 1996)
Lampiran4a. Nilai SFC oil blend minyak sawit (PO) dan stearin (PS) hasil pengamatan dan berdasarkan teori pada empat suhu observasi (10⁰C, 20⁰C, 30⁰C, dan 40⁰C)
PO/PS
SFC (%) Titik
Cair (ºC) Suhu 10⁰C Suhu 20⁰C Suhu 30⁰C Suhu 40⁰C
Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih
90/10 53.12 50.90 2.21 28.55 26.17 2.38 11.35 10.87 0.48 3.54 3.89 0.35 39.10 80/20 55.45 54.02 1.43 30.98 30.08 0.90 12.99 13.41 0.42 5.09 5.37 0.28 40.20 70/30 58.55 57.13 1.42 34.92 33.99 0.93 15.31 15.94 0.63 6.62 6.85 0.23 41.50 60/40 61.26 60.24 1.02 38.89 37.90 0.99 17.61 18.47 0.87 7.73 8.33 0.60 44.60 50/50 64.84 63.35 1.49 42.46 41.81 0.64 20.03 21.01 0.97 9.20 9.81 0.61 46.00 40/60 67.75 66.46 1.29 46.07 45.73 0.34 22.56 23.54 0.98 10.73 11.29 0.56 47.23 30/70 71.25 69.57 1.68 50.43 49.64 0.79 24.93 26.07 1.14 11.89 12.77 0.88 48.00 20/80 73.93 72.68 1.25 54.29 53.55 0.74 27.37 28.60 1.24 14.15 14.25 0.10 48.50 10/90 76.68 75.79 0.89 58.07 57.46 0.61 29.61 31.14 1.53 14.32 15.73 1.41 48.90
47 Lampiran4b. Nilai SFC oil blend minyak sawit (PO) dan minyak sawit (CNO) hasil pengamatan
dan berdasarkan teori pada empat suhu observasi (10⁰C, 20⁰C, 30⁰C, dan 40⁰C)
PO/CNO
SFC (%) Titik
Cair (ºC) Suhu 10⁰C Suhu 20⁰C Suhu 30⁰C Suhu 40⁰C
Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih
90/10 44.93 52.66 7.73 19.48 23.60 4.12 7.36 7.72 0.36 1.06 2.42 1.36 28.67 80/20 41.05 55.76 14.70 16.11 24.69 8.58 5.92 6.86 0.94 0.02 2.13 2.11 27.27 70/30 43.96 58.85 14.89 12.55 25.78 13.23 4.69 6.01 1.32 -0.28 1.85 2.13 26.33 60/40 47.43 61.95 14.52 9.95 26.87 16.92 3.63 5.15 1.52 -0.03 1.56 1.59 25.77 50/50 52.55 64.87 12.32 9.51 27.90 18.39 2.54 4.29 1.75 -0.10 1.31 1.41 24.27 40/60 58.32 68.15 9.83 12.60 29.04 16.45 1.43 3.44 2.01 -0.04 0.98 1.02 23.33 30/70 64.09 71.24 7.15 15.95 30.13 14.18 0.62 2.59 1.97 -0.20 0.70 0.89 22.67 20/80 70.09 74.34 4.25 19.71 31.22 11.52 0.01 1.73 1.72 -0.12 0.41 0.53 22.30 10/90 76.26 77.44 1.18 26.94 32.31 5.37 -0.16 0.88 1.04 -0.08 0.12 0.20 21.63
Lampiran4c. Nilai SFC oil blend minyak sawit (PO), stearin (PS), dan minyak kelapa (CNO) dengan proporsi CNO tetap untuk hasil pengamatan dan berdasarkan teori pada empat suhu observasi (10⁰C, 20⁰C, 30⁰C, dan 40⁰C)
CNO/PO/PS
SFC (%) Titik
Cair (ºC) Suhu 10⁰C Suhu 20⁰C Suhu 30⁰C Suhu 40⁰C
Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih
10/90/0 44.58 49.35 4.77 19.61 21.43 1.82 7.57 6.86 0.71 1.27 1.40 0.13 33.80 10/70/20 52.65 55.59 2.94 26.69 28.75 2.07 11.00 11.23 0.24 3.35 4.02 0.67 36.87 10/50/40 58.07 61.83 3.76 33.75 36.08 2.33 14.65 15.61 0.96 5.73 6.63 0.90 41.27 10/30/60 65.62 68.07 2.45 40.89 43.40 2.51 18.62 19.98 1.36 7.56 9.25 1.69 42.20 10/10/80 71.07 74.31 3.24 47.62 50.73 3.11 22.60 24.36 1.76 9.52 11.86 2.34 44.00
Lampiran4d. Nilai SFC oil blend minyak sawit (PO), stearin (PS), dan minyak kelapa (CNO) dengan proporsi CNO bervariasi untuk hasil pengamatan dan berdasarkan teori pada empat suhu observasi (10⁰C, 20⁰C, 30⁰C, dan 40⁰C)
CNO/PO/PS
SFC (%) Titik
Cair (ºC) Suhu 10⁰C Suhu 20⁰C Suhu 30⁰C Suhu 40⁰C
Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih Expr. Teori Selisih
10/45/45 61.01 64.65 3.65 35.30 39.82 4.51 15.52 17.29 1.77 5.79 8.01 2.22 38.73 20/40/40 57.71 66.41 8.70 29.76 39.04 9.28 13.02 15.37 2.36 4.03 7.11 3.08 36.23 30/35/35 56.51 68.16 11.65 24.71 38.27 13.57 11.08 13.46 2.38 3.02 6.21 3.19 31.53 40/30/30 57.92 69.92 12.00 18.60 37.50 18.90 8.65 11.54 2.89 1.62 5.31 3.69 28.73 50/25/25 61.75 71.67 9.92 16.43 36.73 20.29 6.04 9.63 3.59 0.56 4.40 3.84 30.93
48 Lampiran5. Persamaan kurva SFC oil blend secara eksperimen (E) dan teoritis (T) pada suhu
observasi (10⁰C, 20⁰C, 30⁰C, dan 40⁰C) 10⁰C 20⁰C 30⁰C 40⁰C PO/PS E y = 0.302x + 49.62 R² = 0.998 y = 0.377x + 23.88 R² = 0.998 y = 0.233x + 8.501 R² = 0.998 y = 0.139x + 2.267 R² = 0.992 T y = 0.311x + 47.79 R² = 1 y = 0.391x + 22.25 R² = 1 y = 0.253x + 8.34 R² = 1 y = 0.148x + 2.41 R² = 1 PO/CNO E y = 0.439x + 33.44 R² = 0.924 y = 0.083x + 11.69 R² = 0.168 y = -0.968x + 7.736 R² = 0.972 y =-0.080x + 0.429 R² = 0.307 T y = 0.309x + 49.54 R² = 1 y = 0.108x + 22.50 R² = 1 y = -0.855x + 8.568 R² = 1 y= -0.287x + 2.714 R² = 0.999 CNO/PO/PS (PS bervariasi) E y = 6.595x + 38.61 R² = 0.995 y = 7.021x + 12.64 R² = 0.999 y = 3.768x + 3.583 R² = 0.998 y = 2.071x - 0.728 R² = 0.998 T y = 6.24x + 43.11 R² = 1 y = 7.326x + 14.1 R² = 1 y = 4.375x + 2.484 R² = 1 y = 2.616x - 1.217 R² = 1 CNO/PO/PS (CNO bervariasi) E y = 0.169x + 58.47 R² = 0.014 y = 7.021x + 12.64 R² = 0.999 y = -2.334x +17.86 R² = 0.997 y = -1.287x +6.866 R² = 0.991 T y = 1.754x + 62.89 R² = 1 y = -4.890x + 39.63 R² = 0.983 y = -1.916x +19.20 R² = 1 y = -0.902x + 8.915 R² = 1
49 Lampiran6a. Analisis paired T-test antara kurva SFC secara eksperimen dan teoritis pada oil blend
minyak sawit (PO) dan stearin (PS)
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 EXPERIMENT 34.2176 108 22.62982 2.17756
TEORITICAL 33.9947 108 21.89798 2.10713 Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig. Pair 1 EXPERIMENT &
TEORITICAL 108 .999 .000
Nilai kritis; t0.025;107 = 1.960 dengan signifikansi α=0.05
Nilai T= 1.960 dengan 107 derajat bebas (df) (inf.)
Karena T= 1.960 = nilai kritis (p-value ~ 0.053 > 0.050), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi α = 0.05, kurva SFC eksperimen dan teoritis tidak dapat dikatakan berbeda nyata.
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 EXPERIMENT - TEORITICAL .22287 1.18182 .11372 -.00257 .44831 1.960 107 .053
50 Lampiran6b. Analisis paired T-test antara kurva SFC secara eksperimen dan teoritis pada oil blend
minyak sawit (PO) dan minyak kelapa (CNO) Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 EXPERIMENT 18.5483 108 23.17232 2.22976
TEORITICAL 24.6375 108 26.00134 2.50198 Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig. Pair 1 EXPERIMENT &
TEORITICAL 108 .977 .000
Nilai kritis; t0.025;107 = 1.960 dengan signifikansi α=0.05
Nilai T = -10.655dengan 107 derajat bebas (df) (inf.)
Karena -10.655 ≤ –1.960 (p-value ~ 0.000 < 0.050), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi α = 0.05, kurva SFC eksperimen dan teoritis dapat dikatakan berbeda nyata.
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 EXPERIMENT -
51 Lampiran6c. Analisis paired T-test antara kurva SFC secara eksperimen dan teoritis pada oil blend minyak sawit (PO), stearin (PS) dan minyak kelapa (CNO) dengan peningkatan proporsi PS.
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 Eksperimen 30.5858 48 22.18287 3.20182
Teoritical 32.6069 48 23.00647 3.32070 Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig. Pair 1 Eksperimen & Teoritical 48 1.000 .000
Nilai kritis; t0.025;47 = 1.960 dengan signifikansi α=0.05
Nilai T = -13.818 dengan 47 derajat bebas (df) (inf.)
Karena -13.818 ≤ –1.960 (p-value ~ 0.000 < 0.050), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi α = 0.05, kurva SFC eksperimen dan teoritis dapat dikatakan berbeda nyata.
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 Eksperimen -
52 Lampiran6d. Analisis paired T-test antara kurva SFC secara eksperimen dan teoritis pada oil blend minyak sawit (PO), stearin (PS) dan minyak kelapa (CNO) dengan peningkatan proporsi CNO.
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 Eksperimen 24.4980 60 21.98358 2.83807
Teoritical 31.5243 60 24.55456 3.16998 Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig. Pair 1 Eksperimen & Teoritical 60 .977 .000
Nilai kritis; t0.025;59 = 1.960 dengan signifikansi α=0.05
Nilai T = -13.818 dengan 59 derajat bebas (df) (inf.)
Karena -9.766 ≤ –1.960 (p-value ~ 0.000 < 0.050), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi α = 0.05, kurva SFC eksperimen dan teoritis dapat dikatakan berbeda nyata.
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 Eksperimen - Teoritical -7.02627 5.57316 .71949 -8.46597 -5.58656 -9.766 59 .000
53 Lampiran7a. Analisis ragam dan uji lanjut Duncan oil blend minyak sawit (PO) dan stearin (PS)
ANOVA Melting Point
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 709.241 10 70.924 583.319 .000 Within Groups 2.553 21 .122
Total 711.795 31
Melting_Point
PS N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Duncana 0 3 34.5333 10 3 38.7333 20 3 40.1333 30 3 41.5000 40 3 44.4000 50 3 46.0000 60 3 47.2333 70 3 48.0000 80 3 48.5000 48.5000 90 3 49.0667 100 2 49.7000 Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 .101 .065 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
54 Lampiran7b. Analisis ragam dan uji lanjut Duncan oil blend minyak sawit (PO) dan minyak kelapa (CNO)
ANOVA Melting Point
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 410.402 10 41.040 376.202 .000 Within Groups 2.400 22 .109
Total 412.802 32
Melting Point
CNO N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Duncana 90 3 21.6333 80 3 22.3000 70 3 22.6667 60 3 23.3333 100 3 23.9333 50 3 24.2667 40 3 25.7667 30 3 26.3333 20 3 27.2667 10 3 28.6667 0 3 34.5000 Sig. 1.000 .188 1.000 .229 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
55 Lampiran7c. Analisis ragam dan uji lanjut Duncan oil blend minyak sawit (PO), stearin (PS), dan
minyak kelapa (CNO) dengan proporsi CNO tetap
ANOVA Melting_Point
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 82.703 3 27.568 318.090 .000 Within Groups .693 8 .087 Total 83.397 11 Melting Point Duncan PS N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 4 20 3 36.8667 40 3 41.2667 60 3 42.2000 80 3 44.0000 Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
56 Lampiran7d. Analisis ragam dan uji lanjut Duncan oil blend minyak sawit (PO), stearin (PS), dan
minyak kelapa (CNO) dengan proporsi CNO bervariasi ANOVA
Melting Point
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 203.040 4 50.760 97.741 .000 Within Groups 5.193 10 .519
Total 208.233 14
Melting_Point
CNO N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 4 Duncana 40 3 28.7333 50 3 30.9333 30 3 31.5333 20 3 36.2333 10 3 38.7333 Sig. 1.000 .332 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.