1. Sifat fisik dan stabilitas fisik sediaan cold cream yang terbentuk dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan mikser dan lama pencampuran. Disarankan adanya penelitian optimasi proses pembuatan sediaan cold cream untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan mikser dan lama pencampuran terhadap sifat fisik dan stabilitas fisik sediaan cold cream yang terbentuk.
2. Perlu dilakukan pengujian kandungan senyawa aktif (asam oleanolat) dalam ekstrak etanol daun binahong.
3. Perlu dilakukan uji keamanan untuk menjamin keamanan sediaan ketika digunakan sebagai antiluka.
4. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang hubungan konsentrasi asam oleanolat dalam ekstrak daun binahong terhadap efikasi sediaan cold cream ekstrak daun binahong sebagai antiluka.
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LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1. Penentuan pH sediaan
PENGUKURAN pH SEDIAAN COLD CREAM Formula
1 A b ab
pH 7 7 7 7
Lampiran 2. Perhitungan Uji Sifat Fisis dan Stabilitas UJI DAYA SEBAR (cm)
tween rendah tween tinggi
span rendah span tinggi span rendah span tinggi
1 A b ab
tween rendah tween tinggi
span rendah span tinggi span rendah span tinggi
1 a b ab
STABILITAS FASE
tween rendah tween tinggi
span rendah span tinggi span rendah span tinggi
1 a b ab
1 100 98 100 88
2 100 100 100 90
3 100 100 100 92
4 100 100 100 90
5 100 100 100 88
6 100 100 100 92
rata 100 99,667 100 90
SD 0 0,817 0 1,789
PERGESERAN VISKOSITAS
Replikasi
Formula
Viskositas 48 jam Viskositas 1 bulan Perubahan (%)
1 a b ab 1 a b ab 1 a b ab
1 135 130 100 120 120 115 90 100 11,111 11,539 10,000 16,667 2 130 125 95 120 120 115 100 100 7,692 8,000 5,263 16,667 3 125 115 100 125 120 105 90 95 4,000 8,696 10,000 24,000 4 120 125 90 120 125 110 95 105 4,167 12,000 5,556 12,500 5 125 115 90 125 120 110 95 100 4,000 4,348 5,556 20,000 6 120 120 90 115 125 115 90 95 4,167 4,167 0 17,391
rata 5,856 8,125 6,062 17,871
SD 2,952 3,375 3,713 3,849
Lampiran 3. Hasil Perhitungan HLB
HLB Span 80 = 4,3 HLB Tween 80 = 15
F 1 (Span 80 : Tween 80 = 3 : 1) (3 x 4,3) + (1 x 15) = 4x
x = 6,975 F a (Span 80 : Tween 80 = 7 : 1) (7 x 4,3) + (1 x 15) = 8x
x = 5,6375 F b (Span 80 : Tween 80 = 3 : 3) (3 x 4,3) + (3 x 15) = 6x
x = 9,65 F ab (Span 80 : Tween 80 = 7 : 3) (7 x 4,3) + (3 x 15) = 4x
x = 7,51
Lampiran 4. Hasil Perhitungan Desain Faktorial NOTASI
Level tinggi : + Level rendah : -
Interaksi : interaksi Span 80 dengan Tween 80 1. Daya sebar
Perhitungan efek masing-masing faktor terhadap daya sebar
Faktor Span 80 = ( 3,483 4,050 5,533 4,133) 0,417
Faktor Tween 80 dominan mempengaruhi daya sebar.
2. Viskositas
Perhitungan efek masing-masing faktor terhadap viskositas
Faktor Span 80 = ( 125,833 121,667 94,167 120,833) 11,250
Faktor Tween 80 dominan mempengaruhi viskositas.
3. Stabilitas fisik emulsi
Perhitungan efek masing-masing faktor terhadap stabilitas fisik emulsi Faktor Span 80 = ( 100 99,6667 100 90) 5,167
Faktor Span 80 dominan mempengaruhi stabilitas fisik emulsi.
4. Pergeseran viskositas
Perhitungan efek masing-masing faktor terhadap viskositas 1 bulan Faktor Span 80 = ( 5,856 8,125 6,062 17,871) 7,038
Faktor Span 80 dominan mempengaruhi viskositas 1 bulan.
Faktor daya sebar viskositas Stabilitas fisik emulsi
Lampiran 4. Persamaan Regresi
Y = respon hasil atau sifat yang diamati
(A), (B) = level bagian A (Tween 80), bagian B (Span 80) b0, b1, b2, b12 = koefisien, dihitung dari hasil percobaan
b0 = rata-rata hasil semua percobaan
1. Daya Sebar
Eliminasi (a) dan (ab)
(a) 4,050 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12 (ab) 4,133 = b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + 21 b12
-0,083 = -2 b1 – 14 b12………(II)
Eliminasi (I) dan (II)
(I) -2,050 = -2 b1 – 6 b12
(II) -0,083 = -2 b1 – 14 b12
-1,967 = 8 b12
b12 = -0,245875
Substitusi b12 ke (I)
(I) -2,050 = -2 b1 – 6 b12
-2,050 = -2 b1 – 6 (-0,245875) -2,050 = -2 b1 + 1,47525 b1 = 1,762625 Eliminasi (1) dan (a)
(1) 3,483 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12 (a) 4,050 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
-0,567 = -4 b2 – 4 b12………(III)
Substitusi b12 ke (III)
(III) -0,567 = -4 b2 – 4 b12
-0,567 = -4 b2 – 4 (-0,245875) -0,567 = -4 b2 – 0,0125 b2 = 0,387625
Substitusi b1, b2, b12 ke (1)
(1) 3,483 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
3,483 = b0 + 1 (1,762625) + 3 (0,387625) + 3 (-0,245875) b0 = 1,295125
Y = 1,295125 + 1,762625 (A) + 0,387625(B) - 0,245875 (A)(B)
2. Viskositas
(1) 125,833 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + (1)(3) b12
= b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(a) 121,667 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + (1)(7) b12
= b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
(b) 94,167 = b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + (3)(3) b12
= b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + 9 b12
(ab) 120,833 = b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + (3)(7) b12
= b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + 21 b12
Eliminasi (1) dan (b)
(1) 125,833 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12 (b) 94,167 = b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + 9 b12
31,666 = -2 b1 - 6 b12………(I)
Eliminasi (a) dan (ab)
(a) 121,667 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
(ab) 120,833 = b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + 21 b12
0,834 = -2 b1 – 14 b12………(II)
Eliminasi (I) dan (II)
(I) 31,666 = -2 b1 - 6 b12 (II) 0,834 = -2 b1 – 14 b12
30,832 = 8 b12 b12 = 3,854
Substitusi b12 ke (I)
(I) 31,666 = -2 b1 – 6 b12
31,666 = -2 b1 – 6 (3,854) 31,666 = -2 b1 - 23,124 b1 = -27,395
Eliminasi (1) dan (a)
(1) 125,833 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(a) 121,667 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
4,166 = -4 b2 – 4 b12………(III)
Substitusi b12 ke (III)
(III) 4,166 = -4 b2 – 4 b12 4,166 = -4 b2 – 4 (3,854) 4,166 = -4 b2 – 15,416 b2 = -4,8955
Substitusi b1, b2, b12 ke (1)
(1) 125,833 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
125,833 = b0 + 1 (-27,395) + 3 (-4,8955) + 3 (3,854) b0 = 156,3525
Y = 156,3525 -27,395 (A) - 4,8955(B) + 3,854 (A)(B)
3. Stabilitas Fisik Emulsi
(1) 100 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + (1)(3) b12
= b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(a) 99,667 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + (1)(7) b12
= b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
(b) 100 = b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + (3)(3) b12
= b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + 9 b12
(ab) 90 = b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + (3)(7) b12
= b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + 21 b12
Eliminasi (1) dan (b)
(1) 100 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(b) 100 = b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + 9 b12
0 = -2 b1 - 6 b12………(I)
Eliminasi (a) dan (ab)
(a) 99,667 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12 (ab) 90 = b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + 21 b12
9,667 = -2 b1 – 14 b12………(II)
Eliminasi (I) dan (II)
(I) 0 = -2 b1 - 6 b12
(II) 9,667 = -2 b1 – 14 b12
-9,667 = 8 b12
b12 = -1,208375
Substitusi b12 ke (I)
(I) 0 = -2 b1 – 6 b12
0 = -2 b1 – 6 (-1,208375) 0 = -2 b1 + 7,25025 b1 = 3,625125
Eliminasi (1) dan (a)
(1) 100 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(a) 99,667 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
0,333 = -4 b2 – 4 b12………(III)
Substitusi b12 ke (III)
(III) 0,333 = -4 b2 – 4 b12
0,333 = -4 b2 – 4 (-1,208375) 0,333 = -4 b2 + 4,8335 b2 = 1,125125
Substitusi b1, b2, b12 ke (1)
(1) 100 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
100 = b0 + 1 (3,625125) + 3 (-1,125125) + 3 (-1,208375) b0 = 96,624625
Y = 96,624625 + 3,625125 (A) + 1,125125 (B) - 1,208375 (A)(B)
4. Pergeseran Viskositas
(1) 5,856 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + (1)(3) b12
= b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(a) 8,125 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + (1)(7) b12
= b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
(b) 6,062 = b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + (3)(3) b12
= b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + 9 b12
(ab) 17,871 = b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + (3)(7) b12
= b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + 21 b12
Eliminasi (1) dan (b)
(1) 5,856 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(b) 6,062 = b0 + 3 b1 + 3 b2 + 9 b12
-0,206 = -2 b1 - 6 b12………(I)
Eliminasi (a) dan (ab)
(a) 8,125 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12 (ab) 17,871 = b0 + 3 b1 + 7 b2 + 21 b12
-9,746 = -2 b1 – 14 b12………(II)
Eliminasi (I) dan (II)
(I) -0,206 = -2 b1 - 6 b12 (II) -9,746 = -2 b1 – 14 b12
9,540 = 8 b12
b12 = 1,1925
Substitusi b12 ke (I)
(I) -0,206 = -2 b1 – 6 b12 -0,206 = -2 b1 – 6 (1,1925) -0,206 = -2 b1 - 7,155 b1 = -3,4745
Eliminasi (1) dan (a)
(1) 5,856 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
(a) 8,125 = b0 + 1 b1 + 7 b2 + 7 b12
-2,269 = -4 b2 – 4 b12………(III)
Substitusi b12 ke (III)
(III) -2,269 = -4 b2 – 4 b12
-2,269 = -4 b2 – 4 (1,1925) -2,269 = -4 b2 - 4,770 b2 = -0,62525
Substitusi b1, b2, b12 ke (1)
(1) 5,856 = b0 + 1 b1 + 3 b2 + 3 b12
5,856 = b0 + 1 (-3,4745) + 3 (-0,62525) + 3 (1,1925) b0 = 7,62875
Y = 7,62875 - 3,4745 (A) - 0,62525 (B) + 1,1925 (A)(B)
Lampiran 5. Yate’s Treatment
Ryy = replicate sum of squares
Ryy =
Tyy = treatment sum of squares
Tyy =
Eyy = experimental error sum of squares
= 14,96 - 0,875- 13,67
= 0,415
Ayy = sum of squares associated with the different level of a
Byy = sum of squares associated with the different level of b
= 24
Fab =
F tabel (1,15) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% adalah 4,5431 VISKOSITAS
Ryy = replicate sum of squares
Ryy =
Tyy = treatment sum of squares
Tyy =
Eyy = experimental error sum of squares
= 4315,625 - 246,875 - 3769,7917
= 298,9583
Ayy = sum of squares associated with the different level of a
= 24
Byy = sum of squares associated with the different level of b
= 24
= 3769,7917 – 1584,375 – 759,375
= 1426,042
Interaksi 1 1426,042 1426,042 71,551 Bermakna Experimental
Fb =
F tabel (1,15) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% adalah 4,5431
STABILITAS FISIK EMULSI
Ryy = replicate sum of squares
Ryy =
Tyy = treatment sum of squares
Eyy = experimental error sum of squares
= 459,833 - 6,833333- 440,5
= 12,5
Ayy = sum of squares associated with the different level of a
= 24
Byy = sum of squares associated with the different level of b
= 24
Interaksi 1 140,167 140,167 168,200 Bermakna
Experimental
error 15 12,500 0,833
Total 23
Fa =
F tabel (1,15) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% adalah 4,5431
PERGESERAN VISKOSITAS
Ryy = replicate sum of squares
Tyy = treatment sum of squares
Tyy =
Eyy = experimental error sum of squares
= 825,84 - 96,37 - 582,32
= 147,1415
Ayy = sum of squares associated with the different level of a
= 24
Byy = sum of squares associated with the different level of b
= 24
Source
Interaksi 1 136,5115 136,5115 13,9163 Bermakna Experimental
F tabel (1,15) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% adalah 4,5431
Lampiran 6. Dokumentasi
1. Daun binahong 2. Proses maserasi
3. Ekstrak daun binahong 4. Proses pembuatan cold cream
5. Formula 1 6. Formula a
7. Formula b 8. Formula ab
9. Uji Viskositas 10. Uji daya sebar
BIOGRAFI PENULIS
Robertus Rudi Sasongko lahir di Yogyakarta pada tanggal 19 November 1985, merupakan anak pertama dari dua bersaudara pasangan Andreas Slamet Suharno dan Elisabeth Suharni. Penulis skripsi berjudul “OPTIMASI FORMULA SPAN 80 DAN TWEEN 80 DALAM SEDIAAN COLD CREAM EKSTRAK DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (ten.) Steenis.) DENGAN METODE DESAIN FAKTORIAL” ini telah menyelesaikan pendidikan Taman Kanak-Kanak di TK Kanisius Jetis Depok Minggir, Sleman pada tahun 1992 lalu melanjutkan pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar Kanisius Jetis Depok Minggir, Sleman pada tahun 1992 hingga 1998. Penulis melanjutkan pendidikan menengah di SMP Budi Mulia Minggir, Sleman pada tahun 1998 hingga tahun 2001 dan SMU Kolese de Britto Yogyakarta pada tahun 2001 hingga tahun 2004. Setamat dari SMU, penulis melanjutkan kuliah S1 di Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. Penulis pernah memiliki pengalaman kerja sebagai asisten pengawas ujian akhir semester. Selain itu penulis juga mengikuti kegiatan di Universitas Sanata Dharma dalam bidang keorganisasian diantaranya menjadi anggota JMKI (Jaringan Mahasiswa Kesehatan Indonesia), Paduan Suara Fakultas “Veronica”.