BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
B. Saran
1. Dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan dosis dan lama pemberian ekstrak daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) yang lebih bervariasi untuk mengetahui efek yang optimum pada terapi terhadap pankreas tikus putih model diabetes melitus.
2. Dilakukan uji identifikasi senyawa aktif dan kadar antioksidan yang terdapat didalam ekstrak daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) sebelum ekstrak digunakan untuk perlakuan penelitian.
3. Dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan menggunakan parameter yang lebih lengkap untuk menilai efek terapi terhadap pankreas tikus putih model diabetes melitus misalnya ekspresi insulin dan jumlah kerusakan sel β pulau Langerhans pankreas.
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LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 3. Surat Ijin Penelitian Kepada Kepala Laboratorium Pusat Studi Pangan dan Gizi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Lampiran 4. Surat Ijin Penelitian Kepada Kepala Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
Lampiran 6. Surat Keterangan Sudah Menyelesaikan Penelitian di Pusat Studi Pangan dan Gizi PAU UGM
Lampiran 7. Dokumentasi Penelitian
Daun Kenikir Segar Pembuatan Simplisia Daun Kenikir
Kandang Tikus Proses Ekstraksi Daun Kenikir
Metode Maserasi
Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kenikir Pada Tikus Per-sonde Lambung
Pengambilan Darah Pada Tikus Melalui Vena Retroorbital
Proses Terminasi Tikus Proses Pembedahan Tikus dan Pengambilan Organ Pankreas
Pewadahan dan Labelling Organ Proses Pembuatan Preparat Oleh Laboran Bagian Patologi Anatomi
FK UGM
Lampiran 8. Gambaran Histopatologi Luas Pulau Langerhans
Luas Pulau Langerhans Pankreas Kelompok Kontrol Normal (KKn)
Luas Pulau Langerhans Pankreas Kelompok Perlakuan 2 (KP2) Luas Pulau Langerhans Pankreas Kelompok Perlakuan 1 (KP1)
Lampiran 9. Tabel Glukosa Darah Puasa Tikus Tiap Kelompok Perlakuan
Hari ke-8 Hari ke-11 Hari ke-40
Kode Glukosa Glukosa Glukosa
Abs mg/dL Abs mg/dL Abs mg/dL
KKN.1 0,202 68,94 0,265 70,48 0,198 72,00 KKN.2 0,197 67,24 0,263 69,95 0,192 69,82 KKN.3 0,232 79,18 0,302 80,32 0,222 80,73 KKN.4 0,195 66,55 0,255 67,82 0,190 69,09 KKN.5 0,225 76,79 0,294 78,19 0,219 79,64 KKN.6 0,205 69,97 0,264 70,21 0,196 71,27 KK(-).1 0,195 66,65 0,955 253,99 0,702 255,27 KK(-).2 0,213 72,70 0,967 257,18 0,712 258,91 KK(-).3 0,228 77,82 0,985 261,97 0,725 263,64 KK(-).4 0,193 65,87 0,987 262,50 0,730 265,45 KK(-).5 0,194 66,21 0,945 251,33 0,698 253,82 KK(-).6 0,202 68,94 0,967 257,18 0,710 258,18 KP1.1 0,197 67,24 0,960 255,32 0,347 126,18 KP1.2 0,217 74,06 0,987 262,50 0,329 119,64 KP1.3 0,215 73,38 0,970 257,98 0,350 127,27 KP1.4 0,193 65,87 0,981 260,90 0,361 131,27 KP1.5 0,198 67,58 0,963 256,12 0,338 122,91 KP1.6 0,199 67,92 0,966 256,91 0,342 124,36 KP2.1 0,201 68,60 0,980 260,64 0,287 104,36 KP2.2 0,197 67,24 0,962 255,85 0,290 105,45 KP2.3 0,204 69,62 0,958 254,79 0,265 96,36 KP2.4 0,220 75,09 0,974 259,04 0,277 100,73 KP2.5 0,194 66,21 0,960 255,32 0,292 106,18 KP2.6 0,222 75,77 0,962 255,85 0,268 97,45
Lampiran 10. Luas Pulau Langerhans Tiap Hewan Coba
Kelompok Tikus Luas Pulau Langerhans (µm
2) Irisan 1 KKn 1 7215,80 5816,20 4671,05 6155,85 13018,93 2 18208,99 21752,06 12978,95 11559,75 13870,04 3 14337,01 15036,07 19624,99 27335,46 21033,56 4 20780,65 14536,40 11907,34 20430,36 10719,02 5 9873,16 14298,09 9222,43 20324,41 12384,60 6 20594,49 15041,96 11065,84 21607,29 26815,42 KK(-) 1 2468,64 7133,29 4440,82 3421,61 8762,22 2 2601,12 3644,47 7561,08 1971,25 3378,82 3 9241,52 9790,39 2861,33 2319,51 9163,50 4 3236,60 2798,43 3378,43 3469,53 2130,91 5 2667,49 2576,65 3319,11 3089,78 2998,17 6 7413,67 5927,41 3748,83 1695,05 3910,52 KP1 1 4337,39 2230,21 1829,32 11040,99 10260,22 2 13717,07 16327,28 14971,37 8244,48 7086,52 3 9954,01 16765,32 17612,85 8252,81 7574,66 4 4731,91 12325,53 18511,36 11752,70 18392,46 5 5322,42 5131,90 3967,02 10282,64 2221,37 6 15794,68 17172,49 5650,28 5633,50 9816,15 KP2 1 5675,78 8673,30 5529,33 11762,57 12267,11 2 19709,55 12965,50 10091,99 11664,43 11509,14 3 13510,91 7689,20 6719,07 13077,48 8394,77 4 8886,63 13940,89 7358,39 16042,85 5612,61 5 7678,70 9302,12 4164,07 9531,72 8876,89 6 9920,69 12036,23 8818,72 8672,41 39916,09
Kelompok Tikus
Luas Pulau Langerhans (µm2) Irisan 2 KKn 1 4945,49 6221,57 7116,89 5059,00 15528,95 2 12070,31 12355,64 16445,16 18657,80 17652,18 3 28369,79 18040,39 21943,35 13698,23 13415,08 4 12782,41 6532,52 10036,00 11397,55 20316,46 5 11130,42 16365,71 9583,74 12653,91 15475,65 6 20308,65 26042,72 15596,98 14512,82 13547,04 KK(-) 1 4166,12 5932,40 2737,57 2993,43 4920,25 2 2929,75 5568,28 5375,59 3847,74 1973,45 3 8201,18 8626,54 2798,30 3189,07 7420,41 4 4893,60 2547,57 3920,26 2016,50 2089,02 5 3700,15 4051,71 2640,20 4689,88 2808,93 6 9105,71 5913,83 3585,09 3498,99 2581,13 KP1 1 5831,96 3306,81 2595,61 6160,72 10915,81 2 12976,00 14051,07 15562,39 11228,43 11747,96 3 7511,24 18637,05 17133,29 20316,21 8762,73 4 5792,05 11494,67 13776,25 18378,76 18212,58 5 4351,51 4416,09 2304,90 10187,96 1705,30 6 5626,96 12917,07 6399,28 15418,64 6379,04 KP2 1 8823,46 13275,94 5767,13 34937,42 21490,05 2 6641,68 11519,52 10175,53 18162,87 9539,02 3 11035,48 15159,96 7676,14 7668,58 10041,26 4 8355,05 8999,25 12911,94 6041,05 14428,90 5 4655,55 6297,42 7145,33 8650,11 8989,89 6 14680,28 12338,22 6578,43 10908,20 36381,99
Lampiran 11. Bentuk Grafik Histogram dan Bentuk Transformasi Data Yang Digunakan
Bentuk Grafik Histogram
Lampiran 12. Hasil Analisis Uji Statistik Kolmogorov Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, dan Uji Post Hoc Man-Whitney
Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov Smirnov (Semua Kelompok) One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Kelompok Kontrol Normal Kelompok Kontrol Negatif Kelompok Perlakuan 1 Kelompok Perlakuan 2 N 60 60 60 60
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 14666,9763 4330,7133 10016,8208 11487,9132
Std, Deviation 5810,73758 2213,58781 5347,07263 6922,39577
Most Extreme Differences Absolute ,086 ,207 ,117 ,202
Positive ,086 ,207 ,117 ,202
Negative -,068 -,127 -,077 -,161
Test Statistic ,086 ,207 ,117 ,202
Asymp, Sig, (2-tailed) ,200c,d ,000c ,039c ,000c
a, Test distribution is Normal, b, Calculated from data,
c, Lilliefors Significance Correction,
d, This is a lower bound of the true significance,
Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov Smirnov (Hasil Transformasi Data)
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Transform_K2 Transform_K3 Transform_K4
N 60 60 60
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 63.9489 96.0411 103.8454
Std. Deviation 15.66325 28.39651 26.75768
Most Extreme Differences Absolute .167 .081 .138
Positive .167 .081 .138
Negative -.089 -.076 -.102
Test Statistic .167 .081 .138
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000c .200c,d .006c
a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
Uji Kruskal-Wallis
Uji Mann-Whitney (KKn dan KK(-)) Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Kelompok Kontrol Normal 60 88,47 5308,00
Kelompok Kontrol Negatif 60 32,53 1952,00
Total 120
Test Statisticsa
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Mann-Whitney U 122,000
Wilcoxon W 1952,000
Z -8,807
Asymp, Sig, (2-tailed) ,000
a, Grouping Variable: Kelompok
Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Kelompok Kontrol Normal 60 173,85
Kelompok Kontrol Negatif 60 47,45
Kelompok Perlakuan 1 60 124,18
Kelompok Perlakuan 2 60 136,52
Total 240
Test Statisticsa,b
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Chi-Square 105,219
df 3
Asymp, Sig, ,000
a, Kruskal Wallis Test
Uji Mann-Whitney (KKn dan KP1) Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Kelompok Kontrol Normal 60 73,43 4406,00
Kelompok Perlakuan 1 60 47,57 2854,00
Total 120
Test Statisticsa
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Mann-Whitney U 1024,000
Wilcoxon W 2854,000
Z -4,073
Asymp, Sig, (2-tailed) ,000
a, Grouping Variable: Kelompok
Uji Mann-Whitney (KKn dan KP2) Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Kelompok Kontrol Normal 60 72,95 4377,00
Kelompok Perlakuan 2 60 48,05 2883,00
Total 120
Test Statisticsa
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Mann-Whitney U 1053,000
Wilcoxon W 2883,000
Z -3,921
Asymp, Sig, (2-tailed) ,000
Uji Mann-Whitney (KK(-) dan KP1) Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Kelompok Kontrol Negatif 60 41,18 2471,00
Kelompok Perlakuan 1 60 79,82 4789,00
Total 120
Test Statisticsa
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Mann-Whitney U 641,000
Wilcoxon W 2471,000
Z -6,083
Asymp, Sig, (2-tailed) ,000
a, Grouping Variable: Kelompok
Uji Mann-Whitney (KK(-) dan KP2) Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Kelompok Kontrol Negatif 60 34,73 2084,00
Kelompok Perlakuan 2 60 86,27 5176,00
Total 120
Test Statisticsa
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Mann-Whitney U 254,000
Wilcoxon W 2084,000
Z -8,114
Asymp, Sig, (2-tailed) ,000
Uji Mann-Whitney (KP1 dan KP2) Ranks
Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Kelompok Perlakuan 1 60 57,80 3468,00
Kelompok Perlakuan 2 60 63,20 3792,00
Total 120
Test Statisticsa
Rerata Luas Pulau Langerhans
Mann-Whitney U 1638,000
Wilcoxon W 3468,000
Z -,850
Asymp, Sig, (2-tailed) ,395