• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

BAB V KE SIMPULAN DAN SARAN

B. Saran

1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian aktivitas antioksidan dari fraksi air ekstrak etanolik daun dadap serep untuk melihat potensi aktivitas antioksidan dari fraksi air tersebut.

2. Perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat potensi aktivitas lainnya (seperti aktivitas antibakteri) dari daun tanaman dadap serep.

Daftar Pustaka

Anonim, 2007, PROSEA Plant Resources of South-East Asia 11 Auxiliary plants, LIPI Press, Jakarta, pp.127-130

APVMA, 2004, Guidelines for The Validation of Analytical Methods for Active Constituent, Agricultural, and Veterinary Chemical Products , Kingston Ariyanto,R., 2006, Uji Aktivitas antioksidan, Penentuan Kandungan Fenolik dan

Flavonoid Total Fraksi Kloroform dan Fraksi Air Ekstrak Metanolik Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban), Skripsi, Universitas Gadjah Mada Atawodi, S.E., 2005, Antioxidant potential of African medicinal plants, Afr. J.

Biotechnol, Vol. 4 (2), 128

Backer CA, dan Bakhuizen van den Brink RC, 1965. Flora of Java, Vol. 2. Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherland, pp. 626–628

Bondet, V., Brand-Williams, W. and Berset, C., 1996, Kinetics and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity using the DPPH• Free Radical Method, Lebensm.-Wiss. U.-Technol., vol. 30, 609–615

Cartea, M.E., Francisco, M., Soengas, P., and Velasco, P., 2010, Phenolic Compounds in Brassica Vegetables, Molecules, 16, 251-280

Chan, Chung Chow, Lam, Herman, Lee, and Y.C., Zhang, Xue-Ming, 2004, Analtytical Method Validation and Instrument Performance Verification, Jhon Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey

Cicco, N., and Lattanzio, V., 2011, The Influence of Initial Carbonate Concentration on the Folin-Ciocalteu Micro-Method for the Determination of Phenolics with Low Concentration in the Presence of Methanol: A Comparative Study of Real-Time Monitored Reactions, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry,840-844

Dahlan, M.S., 2012, Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, Salemba Medika, Jakarta, pp. 37, 42-49

Depkes RI, 1986, Sediaan Galenik, Departemen kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, pp. 2, 10-13

Desmiaty, Y., Julia, R., Ika, R., 2008, Uji Aktivitas Penangkapan Radikal Bebas Daun Cerme (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels), Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 70 – 74

Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan RI, 1986, Sediaan Galenik, Jilid 2, Departemen Kesehatan RI, Jakarta, pp. 11-12

Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan RI, 1995, Farmakope Indonesia, edisi 4, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, pp. 1036, 1061

Estrada, E.I., 2010, Actividad Antioxidante De Alcaloides De Erythrina Americana Miller, Tesis, Campus Montecillo, Mexico

Fu, L., Xu, B.T., Gan, R.Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, X.R., Xia, E.Q., and Li, H.B., 2011, Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Herbal and Tea Infusions, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 2112-2124

Gandjar, I. G., dan Rohman, A., 2007, Kimia Farmasi Analisis, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, PP: 46-48, 465-472

Gansch, H., Weber, C.A., and Lee, C.Y., 2009, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Phytochemicals in Black Raspberries, New York Fruit Quarterly, 17(1), 19-21

Harborne, J.B., 1998, Phytochemical Methods : a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, Third edition, Chapman & Hall, London, pp 4-6

Harborne, J.B., 1987, Metode Fitokimia : Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan, Ed. 2, diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K., Penerbit ITB, Bandung, 47-109

Harmita, 2004, Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol.I, No.3: Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Validasi Metode dan Cara, Departemen Farmasi FMIPA UI, Jakarta, pp. 117-135

Irshad, Md., Zafaryab, Md., Singh, M., and Rizvi, M.M.A., 2012, Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity of Cassia fistula Extracts, Int.J.Med.Chem., Volume 2012, 1-6

Josephy, P.D., 1997, Molecular Toxicology, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 44-103

Kingston, 2004, Guidelines for The Validation of Analytical methods for Active Constituent, Agricultural, and Veterinary Chemical Products, Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

Molyneux, P., 2004, The Use of The Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for Estimating Antioxidant Activity, Songklanakarin J. Sci.Technol., 26(2), 211-219

Mustarichie, R., Moektiwardoyo, M., Levita, J., Supriyatna, Muhtadi, A., Subarnas, A., and Udin, L.Z., 2012, The Research Evidence of Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Activity of Genistein Content In The Indonesia Traditional Food (Oncom) Ethanol Extract, Int. Res J Pharm. App Sci., 2(5), 65-73

Prakash, Aruna Ph. D., 2001, Antioxidant Activity, takes you into the Heart of a Giant Resource Volume 19 Number 2, 1,2

Purwanto, I., 2007, Mengenal Lebih Dekat Leguminosae, Kanisius, Yogyakarta, pp. 77-78

Qader, S.W., Abdulla M.A., Chua L.S., Najim N., Zain M.M.,and Hamdan S., 2011, Antioxidant, Total Phenolic Content and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Selected Malaysian Plants,Molecules, 3434

Raaman, N., 2006, Phytochemical Techniques, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, pp. 10-11

Rasooli, I., 2011, Bioactive Compounds in Phytomedicine, InTech, Croatia, pp. 163-179

Robinson, T., 1995, Kandungan Organik Tumbuhan Tinggi, edisi keenam, penerbit ITB, Bandung, pp. 191-209

Rollando, 2012, Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Menggunakan Radikal 1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil(DPPH) dan Penetapan Kandungan Fenolik Total Fraksi Air Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.), Skripsi, 27-34, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Rukachaisirikul, T., Innok, P., Aroonrerk, N., Boonamnuaylap, W., Limrangsun, S., Boonanyon, C., Woonjina, U., Suksamrarn, A., 2007, Antibacterial Pterocarpans From Erythrina subumbrans, J.Ethnopharmacol., 110, 171-175

Samanta, A., Das, G., Das, S.K., 2011, Roles of Flavonoids in Plants, Int J Pharm Sci Tech, Vol-6, 12-28

Sapakal V. D., Shikalgar T. S., Ghadge R. V., Adnaik R.S., Naikwade N. S., Magdum C. S. 2008, In Vivo Screening of Antioxidant Profile : a review, Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology, 1-2

Silalahi, J., 2006, Makanan Fungsional, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, p. 41 Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A., 1965, Colorimetry of Total Phenolic with

Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagent, Am. J. Enol. Vitic, 16, 147

Snyder L.R., and Kirkland J.J,1997, Practical HPLC Method Development, 2nd Ed, John Wiley and sons

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2011, Natural Resources Conservation Service,http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ERSU15, diakses tanggal 3 Februari 2013

Wangcharoen, W. dan Morasuk, W., 2007a, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic content of Some Thai Culinary Plants, Mj. Int. J.Sci.Tech., 01(02), 100-106

World Health Organization, 2003, WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants, World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 13-16, 55-60

Zuhra, C.F., Tarigan, J., dan Sihotang, H., 2008, Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Flavonoid dari Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgunus (L) Merr.), Jurnal Biologi Sumatera, pp. 7 – 10

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 2. Gambar tanaman dadap serep dari kebun tanaman obat Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma

Lampiran 3. Perhitungan rendemen Cawan1 (g) Cawan 2 (g) Cawan 3 (g) Bobot cawan 59,1322 59,4312 59,2913 Bobot cawan+ekstrak 64,3125 63,7355 64,0414 Bobot ekstrak 5,1803 4,3043 4,7501

Total bobot ekstrak 14,2347

Bobot serbuk daun dadap yang digunakan = 100 g Bobot total ekstrak etanol = 14,2347 g

Rendemen ekstrak etanol =

x 100%

= 14,2347

100 x 100%

= 14,2347 %

Bobot fraksi etil asetat = 0,4238 g

Rendemen fraksi etil asetat =

x 100%

= 0,4238

100 x 100% = 0,4238 %

Lampiran 4. Data penimbangan untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan a. Penimbangan DPPH

Replikasi 1 (g) Repilkasi 2 (g) Replikasi 3 (g)

Bobot kertas 0,2123 0,2129 0,2130

Bobot kertas + DPPH 0,2279 0,2286 0,2289

Bobot kertas + sisa 0,2123 0,2129 0,2130

Bobot DPPH 0,0156 0,0157 0,0159 b. Penimbangan Kuersetin Replikasi 1 (g) Repilkasi 2 (g) Replikasi 3 (g) Bobot kertas 0,2347 0,2326 0,2439

Bobot kertas + kuersetin 0,2373 0,2352 0,2465

Bobot kertas + sisa 0,2348 0,2327 0,2439

Bobot zat 0,0025 0,0025 0,0026

c. Penimbangan sampel uji

Replikasi 1 (g) Replikasi 2 (g) Replikasi 3 (g)

Bobot cawan 14,5897 14,114 14,1086

Bobot cawan + fraksi 14,6025 14,1266 14,1211

Bobot cawan + sisa 14,5899 14,1141 14,1086

Lampiran 5. Data perhitungan konsentrasi pengujian aktivitas antioksidan a. Konsentrasi DPPH Replikasi 1 BM = 394,33 Mol = massa BM = 15,6 mg 394 ,33 = 0,0395 mmol M = mol volume = 0,0395 mmol 0,1 L = 0,395 mM

Dokumen terkait