BAB V KESIMPULAN
5.2 Saran
Setelah melakukan pengujian maka diperoleh beberapa hal yang bisa menjadi saran untuk perkembangan penelitian lebih lanjut:
1. Sistem otomasi dapat dirancang untuk bisa mendeteksi warna selain warna merah, biru dan putih.
2. Sensor warna diberi wadah agar lebih akurat dalam pembacaan warna dan tidak terpengaruh cahaya dari ruangan.
62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Sonjaya,2008, Rancangan Bangun Sistem Kontrol Konveyor Penghitung Barang menggunakan PLC (Programmeble Logic Controller) Omron Tipe CPM1A 20 SDR, CDR Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Jurusan Teknik Mesin.
[2] Drs Wirawan, Pneumatik-Hidrolig Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Semarang hal 458.
[3] 2005, Data Sheet Festo Fluidsim.
[4]Wirawan,Pneumatik-Hidrolig Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Semarang hal 478 [5] Ari Setiawan, Sumardi, Iwan Setiawan, ST. MT. Labratorium Teknik Kontrol Otomatik Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
[6] Berahim, 1991, “Pengantar Teknik Tenaga Listrik”, Edisi kedua, Andi Offset, Yogyakarta.
[7] Tung Yan, Tang, 1998, Simulator PLC (Software), Malaysia., Johor.
[8] Eko Putra, Agfianto, 2007, PLC Konsep, Pemrograman dan Aplikasi. Edisi Pertama, Gava Media, Yogyakarta.
[9] Wicaksono, Handy, 2009,Programmable Logic Controller, Teori Pemrograman dan Aplokasinya Dalam Otomasi Sistem. Edisi Pertama, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta. [10]Bryan,L.A.&E.A Bryan, 1997,Programmable Controller: Theory and Implementation, Second Edition, Industrial Text Company, United States of America. [11] Bolton,William, 2004, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Edisi Ketiga, Erlangga, Jakarta.
[12] Asnal Effendi 1), Robby Wirza 2) Dosen Teknik Elektro 1), Mahasiswa Teknik Elektro 2)Perancangan Sistem Scada Cooling Tower Menggunakan Siemens Simatic Step 7 dan Wincc, Fakultas Teknologi Industri–Intitut Teknologi Padang 2013
[13] Delta Electronic. Sensor warna,2009
[14] TCS3200, TCS3210, 2009,Programmable Color Light-to-Frequency Converter. [15] Heryanto, Ary, dan Adi Wisnu., 2008, Pemrograman Bahasa C untuk Mikrokontroler ATMega8535, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta.
[16] Wardhana, L,2006, Belajar Sendiri Mikrokontroler AVR Seri ATMega8535 Simulasi, Hardware, dan Aplikasi, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta.
Lampiran 1. Datasheet PLC Siemens
PLC SIEMENS CPU 314C-2 PN/DP
Overview
• The compact CPU with integral digital and analog inputs/outputs and technological functions
• High processing performance in binary and floating-point arithmetic
• For connecting distributed I/O via PROFIBUS and PROFINET
• Combined MPI/PROFIBUS DP master/slave interface
• PROFINET interface with 2-port switch
• PROFINET IO Controller for operating distributed I/O on PROFINET
• PROFINET I-Device for connecting the CPU as intelligent PROFINET device under a SIMATIC or third-party PROFINET I/O controller
• Component based Automation (CBA) on PROFINET
• PROFINET proxy for intelligent devices on PROFIBUS DP in Component based Automation (CBA)
• Integrated Web server with the option of creating user-defined web pages
• Isochronous mode on PROFINET
SIMATIC Micro Memory Card required for operation of CPU.
Application
The CPU 314C-2 PN/DP is the compact CPU for plants with a distributed structure. With its extended main memory, this compact CPU is also suitable for medium-sized applications. Integrated digital and analog inputs/outputs permit direct connection to the process. The
integrated PROFIBUS DP master/slave and PROFINET IO Controller/I-Device interfaces allow the connection of distributed I/O sections over PROFIBUS and PROFINET. This allows the CPU 314C-2 PN/DP to be used as a distributed unit for high-speed preprocessing, and as a higher-level controller with a lower-level fieldbus system on PROFIBUS and PROFINET. Other possible uses result from the integrated technological functions:
• Counting
• Frequency measurement
• Period measurement
• Pulse width modulation
• PID control
• Controlled positioning
Design
The CPU 314C-2 DP is equipped with the following:
• Microprocessor;
the processor achieves an execution time of approximately 60 ns per binary instruction and 0.59 µs per floating-point operation.
• Extensive memory;
192 KB high-speed RAM (equals approx. 64 K instructions) for program sections relevant to execution offer user programs sufficient memory space
; SIMATIC Micro Memory Cards (max. 8 MB) as load memory for the program also allow the project to be stored in the CPU (complete with symbols and comments).
• Flexible expansion capability
; max. 31 Modules, (4-tier configuration)
• Multi-point interface (MPI);
the integrated MPI can establish connections to the S7-300/400 (up to 12
simultaneously), or to PGs, PCs, OPs. Of these connections, one is always reserved for PGs and one for OPs. With the MPI, it is possible to set up a simple network of up to 16 CPUs by means of "global data communication".
• PROFIBUS DP interface:
The CPU 314C-2 PN/DP with PROFIBUS DP master/slave interface allows a distributed automation configuration offering high speed and ease of use. From the user perspective, the distributed I/O is treated as central I/O (same configuring, addressing and
programming).
• Ethernet interface;
the second integral interface of the CPU 314C-2 PN/DP is a PROFINET interface with 2-port switch, based on Ethernet TCP/IP.
It supports the following protocols:
o S7 communication for data exchange between SIMATIC controllers;
o PG/OP communication for programming, commissioning and diagnostics via STEP 7;
o PG/OP communication for interfacing to HMI and SCADA;
o Open TCP/IP, UDP and ISO-on-TCP (RFC1006) communication via PROFINET;
o SIMATIC NET OPC-Server for communication with other controllers and I/O devices with integral CPU
• Integrated inputs/outputs;
24 digital inputs (all for alarm processing) and 16 digital outputs as well as 5 analog inputs and 2 analog outputs make the CPU 314C-2 DP a fully-fledged controller.
Function
• Password protection;
a password concept protects the user program from unauthorized access.
• Block encryption;
the functions (FCs) and function blocks (FBs) can be stored in the CPU in encrypted form by means of S7-Block Privacy to protect the know-how of the application.
• Diagnostics buffer;
the last 500 error and interrupt events are stored in a buffer for diagnostic purposes. Of these, the last 100 entries are retentive.
• Maintenance-free data backup;
the CPU automatically saves all data (up to 64 KB) in case of a power failure so that the data are available again unchanged when the power returns.
Parameterizable properties
The S7 configuration as well as the properties and response of the CPUs can be parameterized using STEP 7:
• General:
Definition of the name, plant designation and location designation.
• Startup;
definition of the startup characteristics of the CPU and the monitoring time
• Synchronous cycle interrupts;
setting of IO system number, process image partition number, and delay time
• Cycle/clock memory;
specification of the maximum cycle time and load. Setting of the clock memory address.
• Retentivity;
definition of the number of retentive bit memories, counters, timers and data blocks
• Clock interrupts;
setting the start date, start time and periodicity
• Watchdog interrupts; setting of periodicity
• System diagnostics;
determining handling and scope of the diagnostic alarms
• Clock;
setting the type of synchronization in the AS or on the MPI
• Protection level;
specifying the access rights to program and data
• Communication;
reservation of connection resources
• Web;
• MPI/PROFIBUS DP interface;
setting the interface type. Determining node addresses. Parameterizing the operating mode and configuring the transfer areas in the case of PROFIBUS DP. Parameterizing the time synchronization
• PROFINET interface;
setting the addresses. Parameterizing the PROFINET properties, the I-Device
functionality, the type of synchronization on PROFINET, the time synchronization using NTP procedure, the media redundancy, and the KeepAlive function. Assigning
parameters to Port 1 and Port 2.
• Digital inputs/outputs;
setting of addresses, input delay and process interrupt
• Analog inputs/outputs; setting of addresses;
in the case of inputs: Setting the temperature unit, the measurement type, the measuring range, and the interference frequency;
in the case of outputs: Setting the output type and output range
• Integrated function "counting";
setting the addresses, parameter assignment of the modes "continuous counting", "single counting", "periodic counting", "frequency measurement" and "pulse width modulation"
• Integrated function "positioning";
setting of addresses, parameterizing of "positioning with digital outputs" and "positioning with analog outputs"
• Integrated "Rules" function Display and information functions
• Status and error indications;
LEDs indicate hardware, programming, time or I/O errors, for example, and operating statuses such as RUN, STOP and start-up.
• Test functions;
the PG is used to indicate signal states during program execution, to modify process variables independently of the user program and to output the contents of stack memories.
• Information functions;
you can use the PG to obtain information about the storage capacity and operating mode of the CPU as well as the current loading of the main and load memories as well as current cycle times and diagnostic buffer contents in plain text.
Integrated communication functions
• PG/OP communication
• Global data communication
• S7 basic communication
• S7 communication
• Routing
• PROFIBUS DP master/slave
• Open communication over TCP/IP, ISO-on-TCP and UDP
• PROFINET IO Controller • PROFINET I-Device • PROFINET CBA • Web server Integrated functions • Counters;
4 counters (up to 60 KHz) with direction-dependent comparators, and for direct connection of 24V incremental encoders
• 4 channels for frequency measurement;
frequency measurement (up to max. 60 kHz) enables, for example, speed measurement of a shaft with speed range monitoring or throughput measuring (parts per measuring time) with range monitoring.
• Period measurement;
the period duration of the counting signal can be measured up to a counting frequency of 1 kHz
• Pulse width modulation;
4 outputs for direct control of valves, final controlling elements, switching devices, heating equipment, etc., switching frequency 2.5 kHz. The period length can be set and the pulse-pause ratio can be changed while running.
• Controlled positioning;
an SFB integrated into the operating system enables an axis to be positioned via 2 digital outputs or one analog output.
• Alarm inputs (all digital inputs);
the alarm inputs enable the detection of process events as well as the rapid triggering of responses.
Technical specifications
Order number 6ES7314-6EH04-0AB0
CPU314C-2PN/DP, 24DI/16DO/4AI/2AO, 192KB
General information Engineering with
• ● Programming package
STEP7 V5.5 or higher with HSP191
Supply voltage
Rated value (DC)
• ● 24 V DC
Yes
Order number 6ES7314-6EH04-0AB0
CPU314C-2PN/DP, 24DI/16DO/4AI/2AO, 192KB
Power loss, typ. 14 W
Memory Work memory
• ● integrated
192 kbyte
• ● Size ofretentive memory for retentive
data blocks 64 kbyte
Load memory
• ● Plug-in (MMC), max.
8 Mbyte
CPU processing times
for bit operations, typ. 0.06 µs for word operations, typ. 0.12 µs for fixed point arithmetic, typ. 0.16 µs for floating point arithmetic, typ. 0.59 µs
Counters, timers and their retentivity S7 counter • ● Number 256 IEC counter • ● present Yes S7 times • ● Number 256 IEC timer • ● present Yes
Data areas and their retentivity Flag
• ● Number, max.
256 byte
Address area I/O address area
• ● Inputs 2 048 byte • ● Outputs 2 048 byte Process image • ● Inputs, adjustable 2 048 byte
Order number 6ES7314-6EH04-0AB0 CPU314C-2PN/DP, 24DI/16DO/4AI/2AO, 192KB • ● Outputs, adjustable 2 048 byte Time of day Clock
• ● Hardware clock (real-time clock)
Yes
Digital inputs
integrated channels (DI) 24
Digital outputs
integrated channels (DO) 16
Analog inputs
integrated channels (AI) 5; 4 x current/voltage, 1 x resistance
Input ranges • ● Voltage Yes; ±10 V / 100 kΩ ; 0 V to 10 V / 100 kΩ • ● Current Yes; ±20 mA / 100 Ω ; 0 mA to20 mA / 100 Ω ; 4 mA to 20 mA / 100 Ω • ● Resistance thermometer Yes; Pt 100 / 10 MΩ • ● Resistance Yes; 0 Ω to 600 Ω / 10 MΩ Analog outputs
integrated channels (AO) 2
Output ranges, voltage
• ● 0 to 10 V
Yes
• ●-10 V to +10 V
Yes
Output ranges, current
• ● 0 to 20 mA Yes • ●-20 mA to +20 mA Yes • ● 4 mA to 20 mA Yes 1. Interface
Interface type Integrated RS 485 interface
Physics RS 485 Functionality • ● MPI Yes • ● DP master Yes
Order number 6ES7314-6EH04-0AB0
CPU314C-2PN/DP, 24DI/16DO/4AI/2AO, 192KB
• ● DP slave
Yes
• ● Point-to-point connection
No
DP master
• ● Number of DP slaves, max.
124
2. Interface
Interface type PROFINET
Physics Ethernet RJ45 Number of ports 2 Functionality • ● MPI No • ● DP master No • ● DP slave No
• ● PROFINET IO Controller Yes; Also simultaneously with IO-Device
functionality
• ●PROFINET IO Device Yes; Also simultaneously with IO Controller functionality
• ● PROFINET CBA
Yes
PROFINET IO Controller
• ● Number of connectable IO Devices for
RT, max. 128
• ● Number of IO Devices with IRT and the
option "high flexibility" 128
• ● Numberof IO Devices with IRT and the option "high performance", max. 64
Isochronous mode
Isochronous operation (application synchronized
up to terminal) Yes; For PROFINET only
Communication functions
PG/OP communication Yes Data record routing Yes
Global data communication
• ● supported
Order number 6ES7314-6EH04-0AB0 CPU314C-2PN/DP, 24DI/16DO/4AI/2AO, 192KB S7 basic communication • ● supported Yes S7 communication • ● supported Yes S5 compatible communication • ● supported
Yes; via CP and loadable FC
Open IE communication
• ● TCP/IP Yes; via integrated PROFINET interface and
loadable FBs
• —Number of connections, max.
8
• ● ISO-on-TCP (RFC1006) Yes; via integrated PROFINET interface and
loadable FBs
• —Number of connections, max.
8
• ● UDP Yes; via integrated PROFINET interface and
loadable FBs
• —Number of connections, max.
8 Web server • ● supported Yes Number of connections • ● overall 12 Integrated Functions
Number of counters 4; See "Technological Functions" manual Counting frequency (counter) max. 60 kHz
Frequency measurement Yes
Number of frequency meters 4; up to 60 kHz (see "Technological Functions" manual)
controlled positioning Yes
integrated function blocks (closed-loop control) Yes; PID controller (see "Technological Functions" manual)
PID controller Yes
Number of pulse outputs 4; Pulse width modulation up to 2.5 kHz (see "Technological Functions" Manual)
Limit frequency (pulse) 2.5 kHz
Ambient conditions
Order number 6ES7314-6EH04-0AB0 CPU314C-2PN/DP, 24DI/16DO/4AI/2AO, 192KB • ● min. 0 °C • ● max. 60 °C Configuration Programming Programming language • —LAD Yes • —FBD Yes • —STL Yes • —SCL Yes • —CFC Yes • —GRAPH Yes • —HiGraph® Yes Know-how protection
• ● User program protection/password
protection Yes
• ● Block encryption
Yes; With S7 block Privacy
Dimensions Width 120 mm Height 125 mm Depth 130 mm Weights Weight, approx. 730 g
Lampiran 2. Cara penggunaan Software Simatic Manager Step 7
1. Start–All Program–Siemens Automation–Simatic–Simatic Manager
3. Buka menuFile - New
4. Berikan namaprojectdicell name,
5. Muncul tampilanprojectprogram yang disimpan tadi
7. Muncul di kolom kanan tampilan Simatic 300,Double clikSimatic 300
9. Bukacatalog simatic 300 - rack-300 - rail, klik dan tarik ke kolom kiri
10. Pilih catalog CPU-300 >CPU-314C-2PN/DP > 6ES7 314-6EH04-0AB0 > V3.3 masukkan ke kolom sebelah kiri di baris 2 atau baris yang berwarna hijau
11. Masukkan tampilan alamat IP tiap PLC, pilih OK
13.Doubel clik pada baris yang bertuliskan DI24/DO16 - tab Addresses, uncheck system defaultdan sesuaikan alamat start input dan output kemudian OK
14. Muncul tampilan berikut
16. Muncul tampilan berikut
19.Double clikOB1
21. Buat Program
Lampiran 3. Program PLC
Pada realisasi produk, kontrol yang digunakan sebagai sistem kendali alat Otomasi Penataan Produk adalah PLC Siemens S7-300 CPU 314C- 2PN/DP dengan menggunakan program Simatic step 7.0. Sistem pengepakan produk pada skripsi ini dikontrol dengan menggunakan PLC Siemens S300. Pemrograman menggunakan software Simatic Manager Step 7. Program dibagi dalam bentuk Main Program dan Sub Program. Pembagian dan fungsi program tersebut yaitu :
OB1 (Organization Block1) = Program utama atau main program
FC1 (Function1) = Sub Program 1 digunakan untuk mendeteksi benda warna putih. FC2 (Function2) = Sub Program 2 digunakan untuk mendeteksi benda warna merah. FC3 (Function3) = Sub Program 3 digunakan untuk mendeteksi benda warna biru. FC4 (Function4) = Sub Program 4 digunakan untuk memproses sistem konveyor 2. FC5 (Function5) = Sub Program 5 digunakan untuk memproses sistem konveyor 3. FC6 (Function6) = Sub Program 6 digunakan untuk mengaktifkan aktuator.
Organization Block 1(OB1) atau main program terdiri dari beberapa proses, detail dari proses tersebut yaitu:
Ketika PLC aktif maka OB1 akan memanggil sub program. Call FC1 digunakan untuk memanggil sub program FC1 yang memproses pendeteksian benda warna putih. Call FC2 digunakan untuk memanggil sub program FC2 yang memproses pendeteksian benda waran merah. Call FC3 digunakan untuk memanggil sub program FC3 yang memproses pendeteksian benda warna biru.
CallFC4 digunakan untuk memanggil sub program FC4 yang memproses sistem di konveyor 2. CallFC5 digunakan untuk memanggil sub program FC5 yang memproses sistem di konveyor 3. CallFC6 digunakan untuk memanggil sub program FC6 yang akan mengaktifkan aktuator.
JikaSwitch Emergency ditekan maka akan mengholding Memory Emergency M240.0. Memory Emergency hanya dapat dimatikan jika Memory Home Position aktif. Jika Memory Emergency aktif maka seluruh proses akan berhenti ditempat.
Jika MemoryEmergencyaktif dan TombolHomeaktif maka akan mengholding Memory Home Position M240.1. Jika Memory Home Position aktif maka seluruh aktuator akan kemabali ke posisi awal. Memory Home Position hanya dapat dimatikan jika semua aktuator sudah berada diposisi awal.
Jika Tombol Stop aktif maka akan mengholding Memory Stop M240.2. Jika Memory Stop aktif maka seluruh aktuator akan berhenti ditempat sementara. Memory Stop hanya dapat dimatikan jika tombol start ditekan. Jadi jika Tombol Start ditekan maka proses akan melanjutkan ke proses berikutnya.
Jika Tombol Start ditekan maka akan mengholding Memory Start M240.5. Jika Tombol Start ditekan maka proses kerja akan dimulai. Memory Start M240.5 hanya dapat dimatikan jika Memory Home Pos bekerja.
Jika Tombol Start Hardware atau Tombol Start wonderware ditekan maka akan mengaktifkan Memory Start M240.3. Jika TombolStartditekan maka proses kerja akan dimulai. Jika Memory EmergencyM240.0 aktif atau Memory Alarm Sortir aktif, maka lampu alarm akan menyala.
Function Block 1 (FC1) atau Sub Program 1 terdiri dari beberapa proses, detail dari proses tersebut yaitu:
Jika Memory Start M240.3 aktif maka akan mengaktifkan Memory Konveyor 1 M0.0. Memory ini digunakan untuk mengaktifkan Memory Konveyor 1. Memory hanya bisa dimatikan oleh MemoryEmergencyM240.0.
Jika Sensor Out Sortir mendeteksi benda maka akan memberikan inputan kepada Counter 1 dan nilai akan disimpan dalam MemoryDisplay OutSortir MW5.
Ketika Memory Konveyor 1 aktif, namun karena Memory Stop M240.2, Memory Konveyor 1 Stop Merah Aktif M10.1, Memory Konveyor Stop Biru M30.1 aktif maka akan mematikan Motor Konveyor sementara.
Jika Memory Start M240.3 aktif dan salah satu dari Sensor Benda StopI0.5, Sensor Box A I0.7, Sensor Box B I1.2 aktif maka akan mengaktifkan Memory Alarm M240.4. Hal ini berarti bahwa ketika pertama kali aktif maka kardus tidak boleh berada didepan sensor benda maupun sensor box.
Jika Memory Start aktif maka akan mengaktifkan Memory Start Bold M240.5. Sensor Benda Stop akan mengaktifkan Memory Alarm Sortir setelah 15 detik. Hal ini berarti jika tidak ada benda yang berada di Konveyor 1 atau tidak terdeteksi oleh Sensor Benda Stop maka Memory AlarmSortir akan aktif.
Jika Memory Start dan Sensor Benda Stop aktif maka akan mengaktifkan Conter 2 dan nilainya akan disimpan di MemoryDisplayTotal Produk MW3
Function Block 2 (FC2) atau Sub Program 2 terdiri dari beberapa proses, detail dari proses tersebut yaitu:
Memory safety benda kerja merah M28.0 merupakan memory keamanan yang berfungsi untuk mematikan memory kerja pada proses benda kerja biru. Sehingga dapat dipastikan bahwa ketika Memory safety benda kerja merah M28.0 aktif yang bekerja hanya proses benda kerja merah.
Memory sensor merah M10.0akan aktif jikaMemory Konveyor 1 M0.0 aktif dan Sensor Warna Merah aktif. Memory sensor merah M10.0akan Off ketika memory Emergency Off atau Memorysensor warna merah M10.0 dan Sensor warna merah aktif.
Memory M11.0 digunakan untuk menyimpan kondisi ketika sensor merah aktif. Memory M11.0 akan aktif jika Memory Sensor Merah aktif. Memory M11.0 akan Off ketika Memory Konveyor 1 Stop Merah aktif atauMemory EmergencyM240.0 aktif.
Memory Konveyor 1 Stop Merah M10.1akan aktif jika Memory M11.0 dan Sensor Benda Stop aktif. Memory Konveyor 1 Stop Merah M10.1 akan Off ketika Memory DGPL Right Merah atauMemory EmergencyM240.0 aktif.
MemoryDFM Down merah M10.2 akan aktif 1 detik setelah Memory Konveyor 1 Stop Merah M10.1 dan Sensor A1 DGPL Sortir aktif. Memory DFM Down merah M10.2 akan Off ketika Memory Vacum Onmerah M10.3 atau Memory EmergencyM240.0 aktif.
Memory Vacuum On Merah M10.3 akan aktif ketika Memory DFM Down Merah M10.2 dan Sensor C1 I0.1 aktif. Memory Vacuum On Merah M10.3 akan Off ketika Memory Vacuum Off merah menyala setelah 1 detik atau Memory HomePos M240.1 dan Sensor C0 I0.0 aktif.
Memory DFM Up Merah M10.4 akan aktif jika Memory Vacuum On Merah M10.3 dan Sensor A1 I0.2 aktif selama 1 detik. Memory DFMUpMerah M10.4 akanOffjika Memory DGPL Left Merah M10.5 atauMemory EmergencyM240.0 aktif.
Memory DGPL Left Merah M10.5 akan aktif jika Memory DFM Up Merah M10.4 dan Sensor C0 (DFM Up) aktif. Memory DGPL Left Merah M10.5 akan Off jika Memory Vacuum Off Merah atauMemory Emergencyaktif.