3 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Simpulan
Pretreatment NaOH terbaik yaitu NaOH 0.05 M dan lama waktu perendaman 6 jam menghasilkan konsentrasi protein terendah 0.1347 mg/mL. Tahap hidrolisis dengan asam asetat terbaik yaitu konsentrasi asam asetat 0.1 M selama 2 jam menghasilkan tingkat kelarutan sebanyak 0.108 g dan derajat pengembangan yang tinggi 425%. Rendemen kolagen yang diisolasi dengan metode hidro-ekstraksi sebesar 16% dengan karakteristik kecerahan warna 66.44%, kandungan protein 96.21%, viskositas 10 cP, pH 5.24, suhu puncak pelelehan 159.9oC dan suhu transisi gelasi 78.55oC. Komposisi asam amino yang dominan yaitu glisina (27.11%), prolina (13.87%) dan alanina (12.58%). Suhu transisi gelas 78.55oC dan Tmax 159.9oC, sedangkan suhu awal dan akhir pelelehan adalah 157.33oC dan 167.81oC. Gugus fungsi kolagen yang dihasilkan memiliki struktur β-sheet yang merupakan karakteristik khas kolagen. Kolagen dari kulit ikan gabus merupakan kolagen tipe I yang dicirikan dengan adanya rantai α1 dan α2. Sizing nanokolagen dengan perlakuan suhu 40oC selama 1 jam menghasilkan Z-average terkecil yaitu 253.49 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispersitas 0.3380. Stabilitas nanokolagen terpilih yaitu perlakuan glutaraldehid 0.064% dengan Z-average 527.46 nm dan indeks polidispersitas terkecil 0.0170.
Saran
Karakteristik fisikokimia kolagen dan stabilisasi nanokolagen ditingkatkan dengan optimasi pada proses pretreatment dengan filtrasi sehingga kolagen yang diperoleh memiliki nilai warna yang lebih baik (putih) dan optimasi proses homogenisasi pada penstabilan nanokolagen sebelum penyimpanan.
31
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38 y = 0.2217x - 0.0002 R² = 0.9997 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 Nilai ab sorban si
Konsentrasi standar BSA (mg/mL)
Lampiran 1 Nilai absorbansi standar Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) dan kurva regresi linier standar BSA untuk uji biuret larutan NaOH sisa perendaman kulit ikan gabus
Konsentrasi BSA (mg/mL) Absorbansi BSA
0 0 0.02 0.005 0.04 0.009 0.12 0.029 0.4 0.086 0.8 0.173 1 0.223 1.5 0.334
39 Lampiran 2 Nilai konsentrasi protein sisa perendaman kulit dalam larutan NaOH
Perlakuan Absorbansi Regresi linier BSA Konsentrasi
protein (mg/mL) Rata-rata a b N1P1 0.276 0.2217 0.0002 1.2458 0.245 0.2217 0.0002 1.1060 1.1676 0.255 0.2217 0.0002 1.1511 N1P2 0.066 0.2217 0.0002 0.2986 0.076 0.2217 0.0002 0.3437 0.3377 0.082 0.2217 0.0002 0.3708 N1P3 0.03 0.2217 0.0002 0.1362 0.03 0.2217 0.0002 0.1362 0.1347 0.029 0.2217 0.0002 0.1217 N1P4 0.045 0.2217 0.0002 0.2039 0.048 0.2217 0.0002 0.2174 0.2099 0.046 0.2217 0.0002 0.2084 N1P5 0.039 0.2217 0.0002 0.1768 0.04 0.2217 0.0002 0.1813 0.1783 0.039 0.2217 0.0002 0.1768 N1P6 0.036 0.2217 0.0002 0.1633 0.037 0.2217 0.0002 0.1678 0.1723 0.041 0.2217 0.0002 0.1858 N2P1 0.199 0.2217 0.0002 0.8985 0.254 0.2217 0.0002 1.1466 1.0669 0.256 0.2217 0.0002 1.1556 N2P2 0.067 0.2217 0.0002 0.3031 0.075 0.2217 0.0002 0.3392 0.3272 0.075 0.2217 0.0002 0.3392 N2P3 0.037 0.2217 0.0002 0.1678 0.037 0.2217 0.0002 0.1678 0.1783 0.044 0.2217 0.0002 0.1994 N2P4 0.043 0.2217 0.0002 0.1949 0.049 0.2217 0.0002 0.2219 0.2099 0.047 0.2217 0.0002 0.2129 N2P5 0.042 0.2217 0.0002 0.1903 0.045 0.2217 0.0002 0.2039 0.1903 0.039 0.2217 0.0002 0.1768 N2P6 0.041 0.2217 0.0002 0.1858 0.056 0.2217 0.0002 0.2535 0.2129 0.044 0.2217 0.0002 0.1994 N3P1 0.219 0.2217 0.0002 0.9887 0.254 0.2217 0.0002 1.1466 1.1000 0.258 0.2217 0.0002 1.1646
40
Lampiran 2 Nilai konsentrasi protein sisa perendaman kulit dalam larutan NaOH (Lanjutan)
Perlakuan Absorbansi Regresi linier BSA Konsentrasi
protein (mg/mL) Rata-rata A b N3P2 0.096 0.2217 0.0002 0.4339 0.09 0.2217 0.0002 0.4069 0.4279 0.098 0.2217 0.0002 0.4429 N3P3 0.045 0.2217 0.0002 0.2039 0.045 0.2217 0.0002 0.2039 0.2024 0.044 0.2217 0.0002 0.1994 N3P4 0.055 0.2217 0.0002 0.2490 0.058 0.2217 0.0002 0.2625 0.2520 0.054 0.2217 0.0002 0.2445 N3P5 0.049 0.2217 0.0002 0.2219 0.057 0.2217 0.0002 0.2580 0.2355 0.05 0.2217 0.0002 0.2264 N3P6 0.053 0.2217 0.0002 0.2400 0.051 0.2217 0.0002 0.2309 0.2279 0.047 0.2217 0.0002 0.2129 N4P1 0.276 0.2217 0.0002 1.2458 0.269 0.2217 0.0002 1.2143 1.1827 0.241 0.2217 0.0002 1.0880 N4P2 0.094 0.2217 0.0002 0.4249 0.099 0.2217 0.0002 0.4475 0.4580 0.111 0.2217 0.0002 0.5016 N4P3 0.044 0.2217 0.0002 0.1994 0.048 0.2217 0.0002 0.2174 0.2309 0.061 0.2217 0.0002 0.2760 N4P4 0.06 0.2217 0.0002 0.2715 0.057 0.2217 0.0002 0.2580 0.2745 0.065 0.2217 0.0002 0.2941 N4P5 0.058 0.2217 0.0002 0.2625 0.054 0.2217 0.0002 0.2445 0.2640 0.063 0.2217 0.0002 0.2851 N4P6 0.056 0.2217 0.0002 0.2535 0.053 0.2217 0.0002 0.2400 0.2580 0.062 0.2217 0.0002 0.2806
41 Lampiran 3 Hasil uji anova nilai konsentrasi protein sisa perendaman kulit ikan
gabus dalam larutan NaOH Sumber
keragaman db
JumLah kuadrat
Kuadrat
tengah F-hitung p-value
F-tabel 0.05 0.1 Konsentrasi 3 0.0786 0.0262 12.42 0.0001 2.50 4.22 Waktu 5 8.0503 1.6101 763.12 0.0001 2.41 3.42 Interaksi 15 0.0367 0.0024 1.16 0.3405 1.89 2.44 Galat 40 0.1040 0.0022 Total 63 8.2696
Lampiran 4 Hasil uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pengaruh konsentrasi NaOH terhadap nilai konsentrasi protein sisa perendaman kulit
Perlakuan N Rata-rata konsentrasi
protein (mg/mL) Notasi
N4 18 0.44470 A
N3 18 0.40761 B
N1 18 0.36676 C
N2 18 0.36426 C
Lampiran 5 Hasil uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pengaruh waktu perendaman terhadap nilai konsentrasi protein sisa perendaman kulit ikan gabus dalam larutan NaOH
Perlakuan N Rata-rata konsentrasi protein
(mg/mL) Notasi P1 12 1.12930 A P2 12 0.38769 B P4 12 0.23658 C P6 12 0.21779 CD P5 12 0.21704 CD P3 12 0.18659 D
Lampiran 6 Derajat Pengembangan (DP) kulit ikan gabus pada perendaman asam asetat
Kombinasi perlakuan Ulangan
Total Rata-rata Konsentrasi Waktu 1 2 3 K1 P1 274.36 220.22 304.87 799.45 266.48 P2 352.42 412.38 466.56 1231.36 410.45 K2 P1 291.22 407.47 426.43 1125.12 375.04 P2 340.62 548.08 387.75 1276.45 425.48 K3 P1 335.90 373.93 478.67 1188.50 396.17 P2 606.11 457.47 474.28 1537.86 512.62 K4 P1 421.89 366.11 430.17 1218.17 406.06 P2 580.26 527.66 78637 1894.29 631.43 Total 3202.77 3313.33 3755.10 10271.20 427.97
42
Lampiran 7 Hasil uji anova pengaruh konsentrasi dan lama waktu perendaman asam asetat terhadap derajat pengembangan (DP)
Sumber
keragaman db
JumLah kuadrat
Kuadrat
tengah F-hitung P-value
F-tabel 0.05 0.1 Konsentrasi 3 456194.39 152064.8 20.58 0.0004 3.24 5.29 Waktu 1 138464.45 138464.5 18.74 0.0025 4.49 8.53 Interaksi 3 11430.73 3810.24 0.52 0.6829 3.24 5.29 Galat 16 108575.44 6785.97 Total 24 4742044.03
Lampiran 8 Hasil uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pengaruh konsentrasi asam asetat terhadap derajat pengembangan (DP)
Perlakuan N Rara-rata derajat pengembangan (%) Notasi
K2 6 718.48 A
K4 6 518.74 B
K3 6 454.39 B
K1 6 338.47 C
Lampiran 9 Hasil uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pengaruh waktu terhadap derajat pengembangan (DP)
Perlakuan N Rara-rata derajat pengembangan (%) Notasi
P2 12 583.48 A
P1 12 431.57 B
Lampiran 10 Kelarutan kolagen kulit ikan gabus dengan perendaman asam asetat Kombinasi perlakuan Ulangan
Total Rata-rata Konsentrasi Waktu 1 2 3 K1 P1 0.067 0.075 0.063 0.205 0.068 P2 0.105 0.121 0.1 0.326 0.109 K2 P1 0.081 0.094 0.098 0.273 0.091 P2 0.114 0.095 0.115 0.324 0.108 K3 P1 0.09 0.08 0.098 0.268 0.089 P2 0.116 0.109 0.133 0.358 0.119 K4 P1 0.102 0.102 0.105 0.309 0.103 P2 0.184 0.129 0.165 0.478 0.159 Total 0.859 0.805 0.877 2.541 0.106
Lampiran 11 Hasil uji anova pengaruh konsentrasi dan lama waktu perendaman asam asetat terhadap kelarutan kulit ikan gabus
Sumber
keragaman db
JumLah kuadrat
Kuadrat
tengah F-hitung p-value
F-tabel 0.05 0.1 Konsentrasi 3 0.0059 0.0019 14.75 0.0013 3.24 5.29 Waktu 1 0.0077 0.0077 58.00 0.0001 4.49 8.53 Interaksi 3 0.0012 0.0004 3.11 0.0888 3.24 5.29 Galat 16 0.0030 0.0002 Total 24 0.289
43 y = -1,3371x + 2,1588 R² = 0,9688 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 L o g B M Rf Marker
Lampiran 12 Hasil uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pengaruh konsentrasi asam asetat terhadap kelarutan kolagen
Perlakuan N Rara-rata kelarutan kolagen (g) Notasi
K4 6 0.131167 A
K3 6 0.114333 B
K2 6 0.099500 C
K1 6 0.088500 C
Lampiran 13 Hasil uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pengaruh waktu terhadap kelarutan kolagen
Perlakuan N Rara-rata kelarutan kolagen (g) Notasi
P2 12 0.123833 A
P1 12 0.087917 B
Lampiran 14 Berat molekul dan nilai Rf marker serta kurva regresi linier antara RF dan Log BM marker
Jarak band Marker rf Marker log BM BM Marker
1 0.3 0.04 2.26 180 2 0.4 0.06 2.11 130.0 3 0.8 0.11 1.98 95 4 1.2 0.17 1.86 72 5 1.8 0.26 1.74 55 6 2.4 0.34 1.63 43 7 3.2 0.46 1.53 34 8 3.9 0.56 1.41 26 9 5.1 0.73 1.23 17 10 6.2 0.89 1.00 10
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RIWAYAT HIDUP
Penulis dilahirkan di Banyuasin pada tanggal 7 Oktober 1988 sebagai anak bungsu dari pasangan Bapak Kusban dan Ibu Lamirah. Pendidikan sarjana ditempuh di Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sriwijaya, lulus pada tahun 2013. Pada tahun 2013 juga penulis diterima di Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perairan pada Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) dan menamatkannya pada tahun 2016. Beasiswa pendidikan Program Pascasarjana diperoleh dari Direktorat Jenderal Perguruan Tinggi.
Penulis juga aktif mengikuti lomba tingkat pascasarjana. Prestasi yang diraih oleh penulis antara lain Juara II dalam “English Debate Competition” pada tahun 2015 yang diselenggarakan oleh Bogor Science Club (BSC). Penulis terpilih sebagai penyaji oral terbaik pada “National Scientific Presentation” yang diselenggarakan pada tahun 2015 oleh Bogor Science Club (BSC). Karya ilmiah yang berjudul “Efektivitas Pretreatment Alkali dan Hidrolisis Asam Asetat terhadap Karakteristik Kolagen dari Kulit Ikan Gabus” diterbitkan pada Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (JPHPI) – Institut Pertanian Bogor (terakreditasi DIKTI). Karya ilmiah tersebut merupakan bagian dari program tesis penulis.
