Simpulan
Konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak setiap hari selama 25 hari berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan aktiviats enzim antioksidan katalase baik pada eritrosit maupun plasma darah reponden. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak dapat meningkatkan sistem pertahanan tubuh secara enzimatis dari serangan radikal bebas.
Konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak juga dapat menurunkan aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi yang bersifat oksidatif yaitu enzim sitokrom P-450 baik pada eritrosit maupun plasma darah reponden. Selain itu konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak dapat meningkatkan aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi glutation S-transferase pada eritrosit maupun plasma darah responden. Kedua hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak dapat memberikan dampak yang positif bagi kerja enzim detoksifikasi dalam mengeluarkan senyawa asing yang toksik sehingga menekan jumlah radikal bebas dalam tubuh.
Dengan meningkatnya sistem pertahanan tubuh secara enzimatis dan meningkatnya kinerja enzim detoksifikasi, maka secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kesehatan manusia.
Saran
Konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan aktivitas salah satu enzim antioksidan katalase, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan tentang pengaruhnya terhadap enzim antioksidan yang lain seperti superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan glutation peroksidase (GPx). Metabolisme senyawa asing dalam tubuh (detoksifikasi) melibatkan banyak enzim dalam prosesnya, sehingga perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan tentang pengaruh konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak terhadap kerja enzim-enzim
detoksifikasi lainnya seperti flavin containing monooksigenase, prostaglandin synthetase cooxidase, molibdenum hidroxylase, metyl transferase, quinon reduktase dan lain-lain. Dengan demikian benar-benar bisa dibuktikan bahwa konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak dapat berkontribusi positif bagi sistem pertahanan tubuh dari serangan radikal bebas yang berbahaya. Selain itu perlu juga dilakukan penelitian lanjutan terhadap peranan enzim glutation S- transferase dalam menangkap senyawa xenobiotik lainnya sehingga bisa membuktikan peranan flavonoid pada minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak dalam system detoksifikasi.
Penelitian ini melibatkan responden perempuan dalam kondisi sehat, sehingga perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap responden dengan kondisi kesehatan dibawah normal (menderita penyakit tertentu), sehingga bisa dilihat bagaimana pengaruh konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bebas lemak terhadap manusia dengan kondisi tubuh dalam keadaan sakit.
Mengingat konsumsi minuman bubuk kakao dapat meningkatkan sistem pertahanan tubuh secara enzimatis dan juga berpengaruh positif terhadap sistem detoksifikasi, maka perlu diinformasikan kepada masyarakat bahwa mengkonsumsi minuman bubuk kakao bermanfaat bagi kesehatan.
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