Maulana, Andri. (2020). CROSS CULTURE UNDERSTANDING IN EFL TEACHING: AN
ANALYSIS FOR INDONESIA CONTEXT. University of Lucknow, India. Published by IAIN Bengkulu.
How Cross Cultural Understanding helps us to see each other https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvjaIrYlkIg LESSON PLAN
Institution : English Literature, Cultural Sciences of Mulawarman University.
Course : Cross Cultural Understanding Credit/hour : 3/3
Program : SI – English Literature Department
Semester : V
Topic : 5. Cross Cultural Competence
Sub topics : 1.1 The meaning and important of Cross Cultural Competence 1.2 A Research on cross-culture competence
2.1 Video showing about Examples of Cross Cultural Understanding vs Cross Cultural Misunderstanding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlgS-mAtvMk
2.2 Some cases about cultural differences to be discussed to get lesson and solution
A. General Objective:
1. At the end of the course, the students have practical knowledge to develop their ability to understand about Cross Cultural Competence and to solve problems of cultural differences.
B. Specific Objective:
1.1 The students have practical knowledge to discuss the meaning and the important of Cross Cultural Competence.
1.2 The students have practical knowledge to describe the findings of a Research on cross-culture competence.
2.1 The students have practical knowledge to have experience by watching a video about Examples of Cross Cultural Understanding vs Cross Cultural Misunderstanding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlgS-mAtvMk
2.2 The students present some cases about cultural differences to be discussed to get lesson and solution.
C. Material/Content
1.1 The meaning and the important of Cross Cultural Competence
Cross-cultural competence refers to your ability to understand people from different cultures and engage with them effectively. And not just people from the one culture that you’ve studied for years. Having cross-cultural competence means you can be effective in your interactions with people from most any culture.
Being able to communicate and work with people across cultures is becoming more important all the time. People are traveling, reaching out, and mixing with different others like never before. They do it for fun, but they also do it for work. In all cases, success requires developing a relationship. And doing this means bridging a cultural divide.
Cross-cultural competence helps you develop the mutual understanding and human relationships that are necessary for achieving your professional goals.
But what exactly makes up cross-cultural competence?
What are the specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that make someone cross-culturally competent?
Louise Rasmussen and Winston Sieck conducted a study to address these questions. They described their model of cross-cultural competence in an article published in the International Journal of Intercultural Relations.
Rasmussen was also granted an award from the Defense Language and National Security Education Office to further study and validate the model, which describes 12 elements of cross-cultural competence.
1.2 A Research on cross-culture competence
Rasmussen and her team interviewed cross-cultural experts about their experiences interacting in foreign cultures. These experts were military personnel who had a great deal of cross-cultural experience. They were also nominated by their peers as being especially effective in their interactions with members of other cultures.
The researchers did not ask about the opinions of the cross-cultural experts. Instead, they used cognitive task analysis in which they asked questions to get at the interviewees’ actual, lived overseas experiences. From these experiences, Rasmussen and her team uncovered the skills and knowledge the experts drew on as they interacted with people from other cultures.
Rasmussen, Sieck, and their colleagues identified 12 core aspects of cross-cultural competence. These competencies were frequently found in the thought process of the experts. They are listed here as a set of principles that can help you be more effective on your next sojourn:
1. Stay focused on your goals: If you’re overseas for work, then building intercultural relationships is not just for fun. Building relationships will help you get your work done.
2. Understand the culture within yourself: Keep aware of the fact that you see the world in a particular way because of your own background, personal history, and culture.
3. Manage your attitudes towards the culture: You don’t always have to love the culture. But you do have to keep check on your reactions to values and customs that are different from your own. The first two principles can also help you manage your attitudes.
4. Direct your learning of the culture: Don’t expect a book or training course to hand you the answers. Try to make sense of the culture for yourself, using the information you come across as clues.
5. Develop reliable information sources: Find two or three locals to get answers from about the culture. Build the relationships so you feel comfortable asking about most anything. Check with more than one and compare their answers in your head.
6. Learn about the new culture efficiently: You can’t learn everything about the culture before your trip. It’s unrealistic. Focus on learning a few things that fit your interests, and use those to make connections and learn more while you are abroad.
7. Cope with cultural surprises: No matter how much you prepare in advance, you will find yourself faced with people acting in ways that you find puzzling. When you do, try to find out why. Doing so will often lead to new insights.
8. Formulate cultural explanations of behavior: Routinely try to explain to yourself why people act as they do in this culture, differently from your own. Using things you know about the culture to explain behavior will help you build a deeper understanding of the culture overall.
9. Take a cultural perspective: Try to see things from the point of view of the people from the other culture. By taking a cultural perspective, you may create a whole new understanding of what’s going on around you.
10. Plan cross-cultural communication: Think ahead of time about what you have to say and how you want the other person to perceive you. Use what you know about the culture to figure out the best way to get that across.
11. Control how you present yourself: Be deliberate about how you present and express yourself. Sometimes you’ll be most effective if you’re just yourself. Other times you have to adapt how you present yourself to the culture you are in to be most effective.
12. Reflect and seek feedback: Continue to reflect on and learn from your interactions and experiences after they occur. After an interaction you can think about whether you got the messages across you intended. You can even ask a local how they think you did.
These twelve principles give you some pointers about how to think about the experiences you have in new cultures. They are essential to cross-cultural competence.
Reading through the principles you may be asking yourself “do I really need to do this much thinking when I go abroad?”
Rasmussen consistently found this thoughtful approach among those with high cross-cultural competence. Keep these principles in mind and use them. You will be more capable and confident engaging people from any culture.
2.1 Video showing about Some cases about Examples of Cross Cultural Understanding vs Cross Cultural Misunderstanding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlgS-mAtvMk
2.2 Some cases about cultural differences to be discussed to get lesson and solution.
If the cultural differences is accepted, there will be Cross Cultural Understanding, but if the cultural differences is rejected, there will be Cross Cultural Misunderstanding. Then, What happened if there is rejection and what happened if there is acceptance? What lessons can be learned from the cases?
D. Method/activities
1.1 The lecturer asks students to discuss about the meaning and important of Cross Cultural Competence 1.2 The lecturer asks the students to identify about the findings of a research on cross cultural competence
2.1 The lecturer asks the students to watch video about Examples of Cross Cultural Understanding vs Cross Cultural Misunderstanding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlgS-mAtvMk
2.2 The lecturer asks the students to present some cases about cultural differences to be discussed to get lesson and solution
E. Assessment/Evaluation
1.1 Can you tell the meaning and important of Cross Cultural Competence?
2.1 What kinds of lessons to be learned from the cases you discuss?
Topic Tasks Description of the Case
Method Procedures
Competence describe the meaning and important of cross cultural competence and having this competence to solve problems in some cases of cultural competence.
to be discussed.
2. Giving questions and answering questions.
3. Discussing and Giving opinion.
4. Making conclusion.
F. Source of material:
Rasmussen, L. J., & Sieck, W. R. (2015). Culture-general competence: Evidence from a cognitive field study of professionals who work in many cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14(3), 75-90. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.014
English Bestie. Examples of Cross Cultural Understanding vs Cross Cultural Misunderstanding https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=zlgS-mAtvMk
LESSON PLAN
Institution : English Literature, Cultural Sciences of Mulawarman University.
Course : Cross Cultural Understanding Credit/hour : 3/3
Program : SI – English Literature Department
Semester : V
Topic : 6. Perbedaan budaya di Amerika dengan Indonesia Sub topics : 1.1 Fenomena Kebudayaan Indonesia dan Amerika
1.2 Mengapa Kebudayaan Amerika bervariasi 1.3 Perbedaan Budaya di Amerika dan Indonesia
A. General Objective:
1. At the end of the course, the students have practical knowledge to develop their ability to understand about the differences of Indonesian and American Culture.
B. Specific Objective:
1.1 The students have practical knowledge to describe Fenomena Kebudayaan Indonesia dan Amerika 1.2 The students have practical knowledge to give reasons Mengapa Kebudayaan Amerika bervariasi 1.3 The students have practical knowledge to show Perbedaan Budaya di Amerika dan Indonesia
C. Material/Content
In Fact, we are different, don’t be confused
Perbedaan budaya dapat membingungkan setiap orang. Apalagi bagi para mahasiswa Asia yang kuliah ke Amerika Serikat, dimana terdapat perbedaan yang besar antara budaya barat dan timur. Akan tetapi, jika dipelajari dahulu, Anda bisa mepersiapkan diri untuk beradaptasi dengan kehidupan Amerika dengan lebih baik.
A Phenomenon of Indonesian Culture
Budaya Indonesia adalah seluruh kebudayaan nasional, kebudayaan lokal, maupun kebudayaan asal asing yang telah ada di Indonesia sebelum Indonesia merdeka pada tahun 1945. Budaya Indonesia dapat juga diartikan bahwa Indonesia memiliki beragam suku bangsa dan budaya yang beragam seperti tarian daerah, pakaian adat, dan rumah adat. [1] Budaya Indonesia tidak hanya mencakup budaya asli bumiputera, tetapi juga mencakup budaya-budaya pribumi yang mendapat pengaruh budaya Tionghoa, Arab, India, dan Eropa.
A Phenomenon of American Culture
Budaya warga Amerika meliputi tradisi dan adat istiadat di Amerika Serikat. “Budaya kita meliputi agama, makanan, pakaian yang kita pakai, bagaimana memakainya, bahasa kita, pernikahan, musik, kepercayaan kita terhadap apa yang benar atau salah, bagaimana kita duduk, bagaimana kita menyapa tamu, bagaimana kita memperlakukan orang-orang yang kita cintai, dan masih banyak hal lainnya,” ujar Cristina De Rossi, seorang antropolog dari Barnet and Southgate College di London.
Why American culture variety?
Amerika Serikat adalah negara terbesar ketiga di dunia dengan jumlah populasi lebih dari 325 juta jiwa. Secara lebih spesifik, seorang anak lahir setiap 8 detik, dan seseorang meninggal setiap 12 detik berdasarkan Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat.Selain penduduk asli Amerika, imigran yang berasal dari beberapa negara juga berkontribusi pada jumlah populasi negara ini.
Walaupun tindakan terbaru berupa penutupan perbatasan Amerika Serikat untuk imigran dan pengungsi baru telah dilakukan, setiap imigran baru datang ke Amerika setiap 33 detik, berdasarkan Biro Sensus. Hal ini menyebabkan Amerika Serikat menjadi salah satu negara dengan kebudayaan paling beragam di dunia.
Hybridity.
Hampir seluruh daerah di dunia telah mempengaruhi pembentukan budaya di Amerika, terutama Inggris yang menjajah negara ini pada awal 1600-an, selain budaya dari penduduk asli Amerika, Latin Amerika, Afrika, dan Asia. Amerika Serikat terkadang dikenal sebagai “tempat pencampuran” dimana perbedaan budaya menyumbangkan “cita rasa” nya. Hal yang sama juga berlaku pada budaya di berbagai negara, dimana budaya Amerika mempengaruhi budaya negara-negara tersebut. Istilah budaya negara Barat sering merujuk ke budaya Amerika Serikat dan Eropa
Perbedaan budaya di Amerika dengan indonesia ada beberapa yaitu
1. Di lihat dari makanan pokok Indonesia dengan Amerika sangat jelas perbedaanny Indonesia makanan pokoknya nasi sedangkan Amerika lebih suka makan roti atau kentang sebagai makanan pokoknya.
2. Etika dalam bergaul di Amerika terlalu bebas, Di Indonesia selalu mengedepankan etika dan moral.
3.Di Indonesia banyak sekali masyarakat nya yang lalai sehingga sering di sebut kurang menghargai waktu sedangkan Amerika sangat menghargai waktu.
Mengenai budaya Indonesia dan Amerika, indonesia dikenal dengan penduduk yg terlalu apresiatif yg di katakan apresiatif yakni Kurangnya kedisiplinan waktu dan lain sebagai nya sedangkan Amerika orang yang sangat tertip dalam memproses pekerjaan apapun dan begitu juga menghargai waktunya
4. Di Amerika negara yang bekerja dalam sektor swasta bukan negeri.
Sedangkan di indonesia itu bersifat negeri.
5. Perbedaan lainnya yaitu ndonesia memiliki aturan yang jelas mengenai seragam, dari mulai taman kanak-kanak bahkan hingga sekolah menengah atas. Sementara, sekolah di Amerika tidakt memiliki aturan mengenai seragam. Siswanya dibebaskan mengenakan pakaian apapun selama itu sopan dan rapih.
6. Di Amerika anak anak yang sudah beranjak dewasa di umur 18 tahun sudah diajarkan lebih mandiri seperti mereka dibebaskan dari rumah orang tuanya, remaja di Amerika di haruskan tinggal tidak bersama dengan orang tuanya sejak umur 18 tahun ke atas atau sejak mereka dewasa. Tujuannya adalah agar sang anak bisa mandiri dan lebih bertanggung jawab, budaya ini sangat berbeda dengan di
Indonesia, di Indonesia anak dibolehkan menginggalkan rumah orang tua nya atau hidup di rumahnya sendiri setelah anak itu menikah.
7. Di indonseia remaja yang sudah memasuki usia 20 tahun ke atas biasanya akan sering ditanyakan seputar kapan menikah oleh orang tua maupun kerabat-kerabat. Karena hal ini dianggap sesuatu yang wajib dan diidam idamkan semua orang. Sedangkan di Amerika pilihan menikah itu diserahkan kepada anak itu sendiri bahkan, mereka tetap dapat memiliki anak meskipun tidak menikah. Dan disini juga sudah jelas antara gaya pergaulan dari anak-anak Indonesia dan Amerika saja sudah berbeda.
8. Dan Cara berpakaian Di amerika cenderung lebih kasual walaupun dilingkungan kampus sedangkan Di Indonesian selalu formal.
9. Perbedaan antar budaya di Amerika dan indonesia yang paling mencolok adalah yang pertama gaya hidup di sana, gaya hidup di Amerika cendrung bebas ,, dari dunia pendidikan murid dan guru disana tidak perlu merasa canggung langsung memanggil nama 10. Budaya kerja Amerika memang sangat berbeda dengan budaya kerja yang diterapkan di Indonesia. Jika budaya kerja Amerika bersifat individualis, sedangkan budaya kerja di Indonesia cenderung menerapkan sistem gotong royong atau teamwork. Walaupun begitu, jika kita sungguh-sungguh ingin bekerja di perusahaan Amerika, mau tidak mau kita harus beradaptasi dengan budaya kerja yang diterapkan. Maka, pelajarilah dengan sungguh-sungguh agar kita mudah beradaptasi dengan budaya kerja Amerika tersebut.
Jangan sampai perbedaan budaya kerja menjadi kendala untuk kita membangun karir.
11. Masakan Amerika dipengaruhi oleh orang-orang Eropa dan Amerika asli dalam sejarah awalnya. Hari ini, ada beberapa jumlah makanan yang dikenal berasal dari Amerika, seperti hamburger, hot dog, keripik kentang, makaroni dan keju, dan roti daging. Istilah
“Apple pie seperti berasal dari Amerika” telah memiliki arti sesuatu berasal dari Amerika.
Sejatinya budaya dari suatu daerah dengan daerah lainnya tentu saja berbeda, hal tersebut di pengaruhi oleh bahasa, suku, kediaman, geografis, agama, keturunan, dan masih banyak lagi. Tentu saja begitu banyak hal yang bisa di bandingkan, bahkan dalam satu negara saja bisa memiliki banyak budaya dan adat, pun indonesia memiliki kontras kebudayaan yang sangat dengan Amerika, mengingat berbedanya beberapa hal di atas tadi, perbedaan nya meliputi dari bahasa, makanan pokok, warna kulit, suku, kebiasaan, dan gaya hidup.
1. Buatlah perbandingan kebudayaan antara dua negara yang berbeda (Di luar budaya Amerika dan Indonesia yang telah dibicarakan tadi)
2. Kerjakan secara berkelompok, tiap kelompok terdiri dari empat orang.
3. Diskusikan sekarang dan siapkan powerpoint untuk dipresentasikan.
D. Method/activities
1.1 The lecturer asks students to describe Fenomena Kebudayaan Indonesia dan Amerika 1.2 The lecturer asks students to explain the reasons Mengapa Kebudayaan Amerika bervariasi 1.3 The lecturer asks students to discuss and present Perbedaan Budaya di Amerika dan Indonesia
E. Assessment/Evaluation
1. Buatlah perbandingan kebudayaan antara dua negara yang berbeda (Di luar budaya Amerika dan Indonesia yang telah dibicarakan tadi)
2. Kerjakan secara berkelompok, tiap kelompok terdiri dari empat orang.
3. Diskusikan sekarang dan siapkan powerpoint untuk dipresentasikan.
Topic Tasks Description of the Case
Method Procedures Perbedaan budaya di
Amerika dengan
Students are asked to discuss and present about
1. Presenting the comparison between 2 countries
kebudayaan antara dua negara yang berbeda
2. Giving questions and answering questions.
3. Discussing and Giving opinion.
4. Making conclusion.
F. Source of material:
Kompasiana. 2021. Perbedaan Budaya Indonesia dan Amerika.
https://www.kompasiana.com/serimulyana/60a24ed48ede48466e498512/beberapa-contoh-perbedaan-antara-budaya-indonesia dengan-amerika
LESSON PLAN
Institution : English Literature, Cultural Sciences of Mulawarman University.
Course : Cross Cultural Understanding
Credit/hour : 3/3
Program : SI – English Literature Department
Semester : V
Topic : 7. Cross Cultural Effectiveness
Sub topics : 1.1 Three stages in developing cross-cultural effectiveness 1.2 Six steps to cross-cultural effectiveness
2.1 Cultural conflict from English Bestie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-w-KGfainmE
A. General Objective:
1. At the end of the course, the students have practical knowledge to develop their ability to understand about Cross Cultural Effectiveness and to discuss their experience about major causes of conflict and propose resolution.
B. Specific Objective:
1.1 The students have practical knowledge to discuss three stages in developing cross-cultural effectiveness.
1.2 The students have practical knowledge to discusssix steps to cross-cultural effectiveness.
2.1 The students have practical knowledge to discuss and present their experience about major causes of conflict and propose resolution.
C. Material/Content
Encountering Individuals with differences are a challenge
Encountering individuals with very different cultural values, attitudes and behaviours can be a challenge.
Subjective feelings of anxiety and stress can surface when we do not know why people behave or communicate as they do and why we are unable to influence their behaviour in the way we wish.
As a result, we may have to deal with a lack of knowledge or understanding as well as the practical difficulties that can occur when we recognize that we lack the appropriate skills for dealing effectively with cross-cultural misunderstandings.
THREE STAGES IN DEVELOPING CROSS-CULTURAL EFFECTIVENESS
The first three stages of Bennett's model involve us in recognizing and overcoming attitudes and beliefs that place our own culture at the centre of our world.