CHAPTER II RIVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
B. Concept of Speaking
4. Teaching Speaking Activities
Teaching speaking should be attractive and communicative activities.
According to Harmer (2005) “Speaking activities can give students enormous confidence and satisfaction, and with sensitive teacher guidance can encourage them into further study”. Today, teachers need to be active. They need to be
creative in teaching, such as in preparing the materials, making lesson plan and choosing the right technique an activity will be used in teaching.
Many activities are implemented in order to increase students’ ability in spoken language. Speaking activities provide feedback for both teacher and learner. Harmer (2001: 271-274) states that there are five classroom speaking activities. They are acting from script, communication games, discussion, problem solving and role play.
a. Acting for script
In this type speaking, the teacher asks the students to perform a play based on their course books on their dialogues they have written by themselves.
b. Communication games
A game is on of activities that can help students relaxed in learning the language. Games based activities can involve oral strategies such as of oral describing, predicting, and asking for feedback.
c. Discussion
Discussion is probably the most used activity in the oral skill class. A discussion can be held for a various reason. In this way, the discussion points are relevant to this purpose, so that students do not spend their time chatting with each other about irrelevant things.
d. Problem solving
Problem solving is the activity to solving the students problem trough share their problem, opinion and feeling. In this case the teacher as the bridge to communicate among the participant, and it will be help students to practice and expressing their ideas in spoken language.
e. Simulation and Role Play
Simulation and Role play can be used to encourage general oral fluency, or to train students for specific situation. Role play is an excellent way to simulate real communication that is relevant to experiences outside the classroom.
Speaking is an important part of the learning and teaching process of English as a second language. the goal of teaching is to improve students’
communication skills, because speaking is the way the students to express themselves. Here are the activities to teach an EFL learner how to speak communicatively:
a) The first activity is discussion, which aims at drawing a conclusion, sharing ideas about something, or finding solution on a problem. In this activity, a teacher must set the purpose of discussion in the beginning, so that students will discuss relevant points according to the purpose
b) The second way of setting students to speak is role play and simulation. In role play activities, the students pretend they are in various contexts and have a variety of social roles. The teacher then gives information to the learners
such as who they are and what they think or feel. Role play and simulation have advantages. For one, it is entertaining as well as motivating students.
The second advantage is increasing the self-confidence of hesitant students, because they have a different role and do not have to speak for themselves c) The third activity is brainstorming; in this case students must produce ideas on
a given topic in a limited time. Brainstorming is a one of very effective way to the encourage students to speak up their thoughts and feelings quickly and freely. The good characteristic of this activity is that students are not criticized for their ideas, so students will be open to share new things collaboratively.
d). Fourth and the most favorite is storytelling. The students can briefly summarize a tale or story heard from somebody beforehand, or they may create their own stories to tell to their classmates. By this activity, the teacher can both explore students’ speaking and entertain the class.
e). The last activity is reporting, which integrates speaking ability. In the class, they report to their friends what they find as the most interesting news. The students can also express their opinion about the news, or tell whether they have experienced anything related to the news worth telling to class. This activity fosters the creativity of the learners as well as their public speaking skills.
In summary, teaching speaking can use a variety of communicative activities, ranging from discussion, role play and simulation, brainstorming,
storytelling, and reporting. By using those communicative methods, the students will have more opportunity to communicate each other based on real-life situations, or to engage in active tasks to promote their confidence, creativity, and speaking ability in the ways that are meaningful and fun for them.
From the explanation above, the types of teaching speaking activity in the classroom, the test which is suitable to be used in teaching speaking by using ICT. It means that the students are taught English in order they are able to speak English. Furthermore, to improve students’ speaking ability, the teacher should using ICT to the learning process. By using ICT as a media of learning activities that emphasize students to learn independently and how to learn by using a tolls of Information and Communicative Technology to make students time efficient in learning and to avoid boredom in the classroom. So by using ICT students can improve their speaking ability.
C. Concept of ICT ( Information and Communication Technology)