REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
3. The Learning Process a. The Learning Concept
Everyday life is filled with opportunities to learn new things. An educational setting typically has two critical components: one (the educator) actively transmitting knowledge and the other (the student) actively acquiring knowledge. For optimal learning, all of these components are required.
Afterwards, the connection between teaching and learning is referred to as a learning process or process of learning. For Brown (quoted by Tondok, 2019), the process of learning is the acquisition of knowledge or skills in relation to a subject or skill through study, experience or training.
According to Brown, as quoted by Mirssah and Muin (2018), there are several definitions of learning:
1) Learning is the process of acquiring or acquiring knowledge.
2) Learning is the process of retaining knowledge or skills.
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3) Retention entails the existence of a storage mechanism, a memory, and a cognitive organization.
4) Learning entails an intentional, conscious concentration on events occurring either outside or internally to the organism.
5) While learning is largely permanent, it is not impermanent.
6) Learning requires practice, maybe encouraged practice.
7) Learning is the process of altering one's behavior.
b. The Online Learning Concept
To learn something online, you must answer a series of questions based on the correct answers to previous questions and any additional information that may be available. Many interesting theoretical aspects and practical applications can be found when looking into algorithms for online learning, which is an important area of research in the field of machine learning. Using networked information and communication technologies (ICTs) to teach and learn is what Mohammadi (2010) calls online learning. Utilizing electronic systems like the internet, computers, and multimedia CDs to save money and time is another way to describe online learning. According to the above statement, online learning is defined as education conducted electronically and through the use of technological means. The dissemination of educational materials via the internet is another example of how technology and communication have advanced since the introduction of online education..
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4. Whatsapp
a. Definition of WhatsApp
Everywhere, at any given time, and in a variety of contexts: these are the tenets of Fogg's (2010) theory of ubiquitous information access. It's possible to use WhatsApp as a communication method. As a result, WhatsApp is a great tool for teaching kids outside of the classroom as well as in the classroom. It's been stated by Dunlap (2006) that "students are allowed to voice their responses and the teacher responds to students' questions and remarks," Because it encourages participation, response, and student-centered learning, WhatsApp is one of the most effective teaching tools available today. For example, they can use the WhatsApp platform's photo, video, link, and video-recording options to express themselves.
The official whatsApp website on the Appstore whatsAppinc (2018) details the capabilities and benefits of utilizing whatsApp services, including the following:
1. No Additional Costs : WhatsApp utilizes an internet telephone connection (4G/3G/2G/EDGE or Wi-Fi, as available) to send and receive messages and calls from other users, thus no additional expenses for messages or calls are required, save for internet connection fees.
2. Multimedia : Multimedia's capacity to send and receive images, videos, documents, and voice communications.
3. Whatsapp calls - Free calls that users may make across countries.
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4. Group Chat : Allows users to have a group discussion with several contacts on WhatsApp, allowing for easy communication with multiple people at the same time.
5. WhatsApp Web : Messages may be sent and received immediately from the browser or PC browser.
6. No additional fees for sending international WhatsApp messages : There are no additional expenses for sending international WhatsApp messages.
7. Absence of Username and PIN: There is no need for a pin code because WhatsApp operates precisely like texting by utilizing telephone numbers and integrating with the phone's address book.
8. No need to log in or log out : Because WhatsApp is installed on the smartphone, it is always connected to the network.
9. Connect With Contacts: Automatically stored contacts may be quickly and simply connected to contacts who already use WhatsApp.
10. Additional features include the ability to send location-based messages using the phone's GPS, swap contacts, customize notification tones, preserve conversation history, and broadcast messages to many contacts simultaneously.
According to the description of whatsapp services and features, the application provides instant messaging services that run on multiple platforms including Android, iOS, and Windows that enable users to send messages, pictures, videos, and documents to one another with international reach, without incurring additional fees and instead utilizing an internet connection.
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b. How to Use WhatsApp to Teach English
According to Johnsons (2014), because WhatsApp is a relatively new phenomena, just a few studies have been conducted on the 8 whatsapp usage as a communication channel between students and instructors. As a result, the following are the procedures for utilizing the WhatsApp application:
1. From the Google Play or Apple Store, download and launch the WhatsApp messager program.
2. The instructor establishes a study group. This group will serve as our online classroom, including activities such as material distribution, training, and assignment submission.
3. The teacher invites students to attend newly established online classes;
students may enter individually or via a link.
4. Using a Google form, the teacher takes attendance online.
5. The instructor establishes a schedule and a strategy for instruction.
6. Online learning activities are conducted by teachers and students.
7. The instructor offers materials and tasks that assess pupils' comprehension.