Affixation

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1.1 Affixation

Affixation is kind of derivation comprising three categories namely prefixes, suffixes and infixes that are used in software terms. It is the way to make a new word in language by adding the base word. In this case, the data are the terms found in the book of IT website.

Suffixes and prefixes are mainly used in software terms while; infixes are never used because it cannot be found in the data. The data show that suffixes appear as the dominant word formation used.

Moreover, the category of affixation namely prefixes, suffixes, and infixes will be

explained more clearly with the data found in the book of IT as follow:

4.1.1.1 Prefixes

A prefix is part of affixation as way to form a new word by adding the base word.

In this case, there are many kinds of prefixes but only two types that are used in software terms namely prefix un- and re-. In the text there are only two words using prefixes. The example is below:

a. Prefix un-

From the data, it is found that the word “unloading” includes prefix un-. In this type, prefix un- + noun becomes noun. It means that joining the syllable un- makes the word loading becomes “unloading” identified with noun (datum 46).

b. Prefix re-

Prefix re- in software terms could be inserted in the base root of verb, noun, adjective, and adverb. In this kind it is also clear that prefix re- + noun become noun. It means that joining the syllable re- makes the word allocation becomes “reallocation”

recognized as noun. The word “reallocation" found in the last text of the data (datum 71).

4.1.1.2 Suffixes

It is a part of affixation following the base word. There are many kinds of suffixes

used which dominantly used in software terms. In addition, a suffix is divided into four

types namely nominal, verbal, adjective, and adverb suffixes. This study found several

kinds of suffixes which mostly in the form of nominal suffixes. All of the types covering

suffix –er, -ing, and -ion will be explained more detail below:

1. Nominal Suffixes

It is kind of suffixes that many words from the data include in nominal suffixes.

In this case, there are three parts that appear from the twenty two parts, they are nominal suffixes –er, -ing, and -ion. According to the three parts, nominal suffixes –ion is more dominant in software terms. It is explained below:

a. Suffix -er

Suffix –er is part of suffixes in which the base word will be added by –er and mostly becomes noun. Moreover, it is usually used to create person nouns or to identify place. For example, the word taken from the data of ERP software terms as:

• Customer = custom + -er Noun = noun + suffix -er

• Supplier = supply + -er Noun = noun + suffix -er

Based on the example above, we can conclude that both of the terms indicated person nouns. It means that “customer” and “supplier” are created into noun by adding suffix –er (datum 14 and 24).

In others analysis there are two examples which show about inflectional and derivational suffixes as the following example:

• Planners = plan + -er + -s

Noun = noun + derivational suffix –er + inflectional -s

• Buyers = buy + -er + -s

Noun = noun + derivational suffix –er + inflectional -s

The example shows us that both of the terms “planners” and “buyers” have two kinds of morphological analysis which include derivational suffix –er and inflectional suffix –s or usually called by plural –s. It means that both indicated personal noun and plural of “planner” and “buyer” (datum 49 and 52).

b. Suffix –ing

This is a part of suffixes made by adding –ing of the original word to create a new word. In addition, suffix –ing denotes the processes or results of something. For example in ERP software terms as follow:

• Loading = load + -ing Noun = noun + suffix –ing

• Programming = program + -ing Noun = noun + suffix –ing

The analysis above shows that both “loading” and “programming” have similar meaning that is process to load and to program. Moreover, the base words “load” and

“program” are noun and adding –ing make them still become noun. These words appear at datum 26 and 48.

c. Suffix –ion

This type is part of nominal suffixes formed by adding –ion of the base word to produce a new word. Beside that, it has three allomorphs when attached to a verb in –ify, -ate, -ation then suffix –ion denote events or results of processes. The following data of ERP software terms will be explained below:

• Simulation = simulate + -ion

Noun = verb + suffix –ion (datum 30)

• Installation = install + -ation

Noun = verb + suffix –ation (datum 39)

• Allocation = allocate + -ion

Noun = verb + suffix –ion (datum 61)

• Location = locate + -ion

Noun = verb + suffix –ion (datum 69)

• Fabrication = fabric + -ate + -ion

Noun = noun + suffix -ate + suffix –ion (datum 70)

The data show that the original word before adding –ion is verb but after giving suffix –ion the words become noun. So, for the word “installation” is different from others because the base word is added by –ation. It used the allomorph of form –ation which is one of –ion allomorphs. From the analysis of the word “fabrication”, we conclude that the base word “fabric” as noun is added by two suffixes –ate and –ion.

When the word becoming “fabricate”, it becomes verb and when added by –ion or become “fabrication” it is as noun.

4.1.1.3 Infixes

This type is uncommonly used in ERP software terms because in this study no

word can be found using infixes because it is only used in Indonesian language.