Types of the word formation of ERP software terms

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.2 Discussions

4.2.1 Types of the word formation of ERP software terms

affixation, non-affixation and compounding.

4.2.1.1 Affixation

In this case, affixation can be found that ERP software terms which includes prefixes and suffixes.

a. Prefixes

Based on the data, the prefixes in ERP software terms consists of prefix un- and prefix re-.

The formula for prefix un- and re-

• Prefix un- + noun become noun

• Prefix re- + noun become noun

As the result of the rule, the word will be changed to another part of speech (derivational) or just changed to another meaning. In addition, the word is not change the meaning but we can see from the rule of the meaning in the formula above to decide whether prefix un- and prefix re- are derivative or not.

The meaning appeared could be as explanation that the base word as "loading"

added by prefixes un-, usually expresses 'absence of X'. It means that the word

"unloading" create the meaning absence of loading. While, the base word as

"reallocation" is the word that is combined from prefixes re- and "allocation". Thus, this word forms the sense of allocation again. Both of the examples show the combination of prefix un- and prefix re- with noun to produce noun.

b. Suffixes

It is also found in ERP software terms that can derive nouns from verbs, adjectives and nouns. Based on the data, the suffixes are divided of four categories namely nominal, verbal, adjectival and adverbial but it is only found in nominal suffixes.

There are nominal suffixes –er, -ing, and –ion with the formula below:

• Noun + suffix –er become noun

• Noun + derivational suffix –er + inflectional –s become noun

• Noun + suffix –ing become noun

• Verb + suffix –ion become noun

• Noun + suffix -ate + suffix –ion become noun

As the result of the rule, the word will be changed to another part of speech (derivational) or just changed to another meaning. In addition, the word is not changing the meaning but we can see from the rule of the meaning in the formula above to decide whether suffixes –er, -ing, and –ion are derivative or not.

1. The formula for nominal suffix –er

The meaning appeared could be as explanation that the examples of word as

"supply" added by suffix –er, is usually active or volitional participants in an event. The

second formula has different rule to explain the base word as "buy" which is added by

derivational suffix –er and inflectional –s. This word has similar meaning with the first formula that "buyer" added with inflectional –s means many buyer because inflectional –s means plural. Both formulas have equal word meaning which indicated on person nouns.

2. The formula of nominal suffixes -ing

As an example, the word "program" added by suffix – ing, usually denotes the processes or the results of something.

3. The formula of nominal suffixes -ion

This type has three allomorphs when attached to a verb in –ify, -ate, -ation then suffix – ion denote events or results of processes. As an example, the word "simulation" from the base word simulate added by –ion. Also the word "fabrication" from the base word

"fabric" adding by suffix -ate + -ion. As we know, the examples have different pattern but they are similar in meaning.

4.2.1.2 Non-affixation

The abbreviations found are made from association of initial letters or multi words. The examples are as follow: ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning, ES: Enterprise Systems, S&OP: Sales and Operations Planning. As we know, abbreviation is simple of word or called by blend which makes words shorten.

4.2.1.3 Compounding

Compounding is joining two words or more to form a new word. In this type

consists of nominal, adjectival and verbal compound such as the following.

a. The formula of nominal compounds

• Noun + noun

• Noun + noun + noun

• Noun + preposition + noun

• Adjective + noun

• Adjective + noun + noun

• Adjective + preposition + noun

As the result, there are six formulas related to the nominal compounds. In fact, nominal compounds are not only joining noun and noun but also three words of noun and noun can be combined by preposition and noun such as: “general ledger” as noun + noun,

“enterprise resource planning” as noun + noun + noun, and “make – to – stock” as noun + preposition + noun. The examples include to the semantic head of the compounds, it is the reason why these compounds are called by endocentric compounds.

Additionally, “close loop” is made from adjective + noun, “just – in – time” is made from adjective + noun + noun, and “available – to – promise” is combining adjective + preposition + noun. The examples are included into the semantics which denotes an entity that is characterized (sometimes metaphorically) or usually called by possessive compounds.

In this case, the words formed by different formulas that produce noun. From the examples, we know the various formulas of the nominal compound which commonly formed by noun-noun compounds.

b. The formula of adjectival compounds

• Noun + adjective

• Noun + noun

As the result, there are two formulas found in adjectival compounds. The examples are as follow: “accounts receivable” is combining noun + adjective, “job – shop” is combining noun + noun. In this type, the formula is not only combining noun and adjective but also noun-noun compound which can form adjective.

c. The formula of verbal compounds

• Noun + noun

• Noun + noun + noun + noun + -ing

As the result, there are two formula found in verbal compounds. It showed the

different formulas which join noun-noun compounds and four words of noun and joined

by suffix –ing which can form verbal compounds. The examples are as follow: “order

entry” is combining noun + noun, and “rough cut capacity planning” is combining noun +

noun + noun + noun + -ing.