CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Analysis
4.1.2 The Use of Associative Meanings in the Song Lyrics of Speak Now
Based on the sentence above, the italic word "losing my mind" which is called a collocative meaning. The word "losing" is co occurence with the word
"mind", so becomes "losing my mind". The word has a meaning related to the state of the singer who lost control when she saw her boyfriend coming. She goes crazy and has bad or unpleasant thoughts. The word "losing my mind" contained in the lyrics of the song entitled "The Story of Us" describes her very tragic or unpleasant love story, where her boyfriend is always rude to her and acts as he pleases so that the situation makes the singer's worse. become traumatized, sick, and always in trouble if her boyfriend comes to see her.
4.1.2 The Use of Associative Meanings in the Song Lyrics of Speak Now World
Here the associative meaning used in the song lyric uses the theory proposed by Leech (1981) about the explanation of how the meaning especially associative meaning was used in the lyrics of Taylor Swift's entitled Speak Now World Tour Live album. The theory uses the concept of Contrastive is contrasting words with logical (conceptual) meanings.
4.1.2.1 Connotative Meaning
The connotative meaning in the data required 38 data for the whole song in this album. It can be seen from the example below.
Lead me up the staircase (Data 15).
The example was taken from data 15 which is indicated as a connotative meaning because it has not only an implicit meaning but also has a different meaning to understand in everyone's mind. It depends on interpretation in different contexts or situations. The bold word "staircase" here does not mean is a building structure that contains stairs, a series of steps or quick steps to move from one level to another, but the bold word "staircase" shows the goal of lovers who want to achieve success together at the highest level. Where they need each other's support.
The meaning of each song lyric is related to Leech's (1981) states that connotative meaning refers to what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. Connotative meaning is also used to be more open than conceptual meaning. The connotative meaning implies and has a different way of understanding every inner thought. It depends on interpretation in different contexts or situations.
4.1.2.2 Social Meaning
In this study, social meaning was obtained 12 data. Social meaning is used because it conveys the stylistic style that appears in language because it involves the social conditions of the use of linguistic expressions. As stated by Leech (1981) social meaning is the meaning that indicates the social environment, which can be the form of time, dialect, individuality, language and the origin of the speaker based on the geographical or social environment. It can be seen in the example below.
He checks out Mozart while he does tae-bo (Data 100).
Based on the sentences from data 10 line 15, the italic word "tae-bo" is included in the stylistic meaning. The word "tae-bo" is a fitness program that is "aerobic" in which the movements are created from taekwondo and boxing movements. So, it can be concluded that the word "tae-bo" is an abbreviation of "taekwondo" and
"boxing" and is popularized in America. Social meaning can relate to the use of language to establish and regulate social relationships and maintain social roles.
The language that people use in communication is related to the socio-cultural circumstances of the speaker because dialects appear from the diversity of life backgrounds.
4.1.2.3 Affective Meaning
In this study, the affective meaning was obtained 57 data. It's used because the meaning of the word refers to the singer's feelings to the listener. As stated by Leech (1981) states that it is a kind of language that reflects the speaker’s personal
feelings, including his attitude towards something he is talking about. It can be seen in the example of the sentences contained in data 21 as below.
You made a rebel of a careless man's careful daughter (Data 21).
Based on the sentence above, the italic sentence “You made a rebel of a careless man's careful daughter” is considered to have an affective meaning. This sentence shows the feelings or expressions of the singer to the listener. This depicts the sadness and expression of fear that the singer feels. So what she means by "a careless man's careful daughter" is that her dad was careless and fought with her mom, and didn't care what she saw or heard of anything, so (in the song) she was always careful because of the way she was brought up around all the negativity and she didn't want to get in a bad relationship like her parents had. So when she finds her guy in the song he learns her secrets and figures out why she's guarded (because of her parents fighting) and says that they'll never make her parent's mistakes. So they'll make it and be happy.
The tone of voice is very important to show the emotions of the speaker since the listener will understand when the speaker is angry, sad, bad, or happy through the speaker's intonation. Therefore, the affective meaning is also can be a bridge between the listener and the singer to feel each other's feelings.
4.1.2.4 Reflected Meaning
The reflected meaning in the data was required 28 data. The use of reflected meaning here refers to terms that have more than one meaning that can be interpreted by human thought, or simply called multi-meaning or ambiguity. The
meaning of the reflected meaning does not depend on the situation. As stated by Leech (1981) conveys that reflected meaning is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression or the meaning which arises in case of multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of word forms part of our response to another sense. It can be seen from the example below.
You, with your voice like nails on a chalkboard (Data 38).
Based on the sentence above, the italic word "nails on a chalkboard" is called the reflected meaning which means it refers to a sound or noise that is very disturbing, unpleasant, and uncomfortable. Usually refers to a person's voice. Psychologists in Spain interpret the word "nails on a chalkboard" to describe a person's emotional feelings or unpleasant sensations that we get when we hear the sound of nails on a chalkboard, or a knife scraping a plate. So the sentence above is associated with the reflected meaning which means someone who has a very disturbing voice.
Reflective meaning is used in the data because it shows the lexical level of language that appears in the case of multiple conceptual meanings. In other words, the reflected meaning is used to communicate through association with other meanings of the same expression or meanings that arise in the case of multiple conceptual meanings when the meaning of a part of a word responds to another meaning.
4.1.2.5 Collocative Meaning
The collocative meaning in the data required 21 data. Collocative meaning deals with word that is associated with other words to make them into good phrases and sounds correct. Leech (1981) states that Collocative meaning communicated through association with word tends to occur in the environment of another word.
You were in college, working part-time, waiting tables (Data 17).
The example above is taken from the data 2 line 1 which is indicated as a collocative meaning. the italic phrase “waiting tables” is called collocative meaning. The phrase has a meaning related to an activity that generates money. "Waiting tables"
is a multi-tasking endeavor, as waiters must greet customers, take drink orders, sit at other tables, serve food properly, and maintain a friendly attitude and with a smile. So in the lyrics of this song the phrase "waiting tables" can mean a waiter or waitress. This work can be done part-time and usually some of the workers are students. Collocative meaning was used in the data because it indicates the word related to their language all their life, but it is impossible to expect from its meaning.
4.1.3 The most Frequently Use of Associative Meaning in the Song Lyrics of