The aim of this research is reviewing the implementation of the utilization of the yard as a source of income for food and income needs of households, and also recommend the use of a model compound in various base areas.
Materials and Methods Assessment Methods
In general, the methods used in this study is descriptive method with survey techniques, methods and techniques used to gather primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained from the field with interviews of people in the village Rawan Food, Village Industry Base, Base Village Beach, Village Base Area Agriculture And Village Pantura in all four regions of West Java and officials from the offices, agencies and related institutions sampled, and observation. Secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. Furthermore, primary data and secondary data obtained is processed, analyzed and described descriptively.
Place of Research
In the data collection techniques that will be sourced from the Food Rawan village data base is then sorted by region and then purposively sampled as follows see Table 1.
Table .1 Implementation Quality Study Area Consumption Through the use of compound No Region (Base) Regency Sub District Village
1 Industrial Purwakarta Tegalwaru Batunumpang
Warung Jeruk
2 Agriculture Majalengka Dawuan Pasirmalati
Banjaran Banjaran
3 Beach Garut Cikelet Cigadog
Cibatu Sukalilah
4 Pantura Subang Pamanukan Sukasari
5 Urban Depok Pancoran Mas Kelurahan Cipayung Jaya
Data Analysis Phase
Assessing the Implementation of Quality Food Consumption Communities
To assess the quality of a society of consumption can be seen from the level of diversification of food and a good level of food sufficiency and food sources of carbohydrate source of protein.
∑ kg food consumption x nutritional content of food 100 gram
To determine whether sufficient levels of food consumption and food source of carbohydrate food source of protein in the household used the quality score calculation PPH (Hope Food Pattern) according to FAO - Rapa (1989) as follows:
Identify utilization
To identify the use of the yard, the picture of the culture or people's habits in using their yards for productive agriculture can be analyzed descriptively by looking keragaan yard land use and calculate the income earned from the use of the yard.
Develop land use model ideal yard looking ahead to support food security in any realization of household.
In formulating the ideal model of land use to the front yard to support the realization of food security in every household, ie by evaluating the results of interviews with communities, stakeholders related to the utilization of the yard. Conclusion of the interview obtained by using the method of PRA (Participation Rural Appraisal).
Results and Discussion
Utilization yard in an urban area (Sample: Depok, Pancoran Mas District, Village Cipayung Jaya)
Utilization model yard
One of the groups who use the garden as a source of food and income sources for the fulfillment of nutrition and household food in West Java is a community in Pancoran Mas Village, District Pancoran Mas, Depok City incorporated in Kali Slippery Farmers group who use the yard to develop plants Plants annual leatherback form. Starfruit plants developed in the City area has been used as a Icon Depok Depok City as "Carambola Gods", a type of fruit is very distinctive so it is suitable to agro-climate conditions in the area. As the star fruit tree species are very suitable to be developed annually in the yard because the trees that shade memeiliki characteristics serves as a protection from the sun but can produce fruits that have high economic value. Currently Pancoran Mas Village community incorporated in this Kalilicin Farmers Group already has an extensive planting that if the total area of approximately 10 ha with a membership of approximately 25 people. From the information obtained through interviews with the Chairman of Farmers Group from a single tree that has productive starfruit can be produced fresh fruit for each harvest as much as 100 kg, with an average price of Rp. 5.000, - / kg of the obtained revenues of approximately Rp.
500.000, -. The average tenure as a star fruit tree crops pekarang each household is 2-3 trees per household to obtain a monthly income of about 1.5 million dollars to 15 million.
ni
B E SPPH
1
Adequacy level of food carbohydrate and protein sources
Table 2. Criteria for Adequacy of Food Consumption And Food Sources of Energy and Protein In Households
No. Nutritional content Factual Consumption Consumption advice Criteria 1. Energy 3270,13 Cal/cap/day 2.200 Cal/cap/day Enough
2. Protein 182,94 gr/cap/day 50 gr/cap/day Enough
Source: Results of Analysis, 2009
Diversification of Food Consumption
Table 3. Achievement Score Food situation Pattern Hope (PPH) Farmer Household Respondents
No Food Group Weight Calorie Range
(%) PPH Score PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0,50 2010,21 61,47 30,74 25,00
2 Root 0,60 28,31 0,87 0,52 2,50
3 Animal Food 2,00 301,42 9,22 18,43 24,00
4 Oils and Fats 0,50 401,60 12,29 6,14 5,00
5 Fruits / seeds 0,50 80,56 2,46 1,23 1,00
6 Nuts 2,00 69,74 2,13 4,26 10,00
7 Sugar 0,50 187,33 5,73 2,86 2,50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5,00 190,95 5,84 29,20 30,00
Number 3270,13 100 93,39 100
Source: Results of Analysis, 2009 Revenue from use yard
The average additional income per month in getting the yard in the village Cipayung Raya Depok Rp. 2770021 This is because the high sales in the town red Guava depok exports that reached even the average income derived by a resident of the town of Depok enough. In addition to the yard of a potential red Guava is high, other commodities commodities are planted in the yard depok also has considerable potential to be developed as potential leatherback is pursued by a group of farmers whose income ranges between 500 thousand to 15 million.
Use of Yard Areas Prone to Food (Sample: Majalengka, Dawuan District, Village Pasirmalati)
Utilization model yard
Utilization of the yard in the Village area is in dire need of food Prone creativity of every household, every household can not manage their yards as well. In the Village District
Pasirmlati this Dawuan yard utilization is still lacking. With the average area of the yard between 17 x 14 m2, in general, households do not optimally utilize the land garden. Most households use their yards only planted one or two types of plants, which is planted with mango and a kind of ornamental plants. Besides the existing courtyard used by poultry and sheep and ducks. The reason for the lack of utilization of the yard is because of the availability of water.
Level of food sufficiency carbohydrate and protein sources
Table 4. Criteria for adequacy of food consumption and food sources of energy and protein in households
No. Nutritional content Factual Consumption Consumption advice Criteria 1. Energy 2281.59 Cal/cap/day 2.200 Cal/cap/day Enough
2. Protein 75.89 gr/cap/day 50 gr/cap/day Enough
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009 Diversification of Food Consumption
Table 5. Achievement score food situation pala hope (pph) farmer household respondents
No. Food Group Weight Calorie Range
(%)
PPH Score
PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0.50 1808.36 79.26 39.63 25.00
2 Root 0.60 82.08 3.60 2.16 2.50
3 Animal Food 2.00 75.40 3.30 6.61 24.00
4 Oils and Fats 0.50 151.94 6.66 3.33 5.00
5 Fruits / seeds 0.50 22.44 0.98 0.49 1.00
6 Nuts 2.00 32.71 1.43 2.87 10.00
7 Sugar 0.50 75.73 3.32 1.66 2.50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5.00 32.94 1.44 7.22 30.00
Number 2281.59 100.00 63.96 100.00
Source: Results of Data Processing, Year 2009 Revenue from Use Yard
The average additional income per month in getting the yard in the village of Pasirmalati Rp. 77 thousand. For mango, coconut and jackfruit 30% self consumption and 70% sold. As for the goats and ducks to 100% sold and consumed 50% chicken and 50% for sale. The average results of the village yard Pasirmalati derived from annual crops such as mango, jackfruit, coconut and effort goats, ducks and chickens.
Utilization of Agricultural Base Yard Area (Sample Majalengka, District Banjaran, Village Banjaran)
Utilization model yard
Banjaran Banjaran Village District is the village that successfully utilize rumahtangganya yards. With this success has made the Village Banjaran election success successful villages in West Java level. People in the village population Banjaran including creative use of the yard.
Spacious yard with an area average of 3 x 12 m2 planted with various crops such as cengek, tomato, scallion, sosin, spinach, kale etc. Additionally yard land used for sheep and cattle business as well with the chicken business carp, tilapia and carp.
Levels and adequacy of food sources carbohydrates protein
Table 6. Criteria for adequacy of food consumption and food sources of energy and protein in households
No. Nutritional content Factual Consumption Consumption advice Criteria 1. Energy 2774,79 Cal/Cap/day 2.200 Cal/Cap/day Enough
2. Protein 115,01 gr/cap/day 50 gr/cap/day Enough
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009 Diversification of food consumption
Table 7. Achievement score food situation pattern hope (pph) farmer household respondents
No. Food Group Weight calorie Range
(%)
PPH Score
PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0.50 1948.93 66.54 33.27 25.00
2 Root 0.60 107.63 3.67 2.20 2.50
3 Animal Food 2.00 252.87 8.63 17.27 24.00
4 Oils and Fats 0.50 346.30 11.82 5.91 5.00
5 Fruits / seeds 0.50 45.94 1.57 0.78 1.00
6 Nuts 2.00 55.04 1.88 3.76 10.00
7 Sugar 0.50 115.34 3.94 1.97 2.50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5.00 56.74 1.94 9.69 30.00
Number 2928.77 100,00 71.63 100.00
Source: Results of Data Processing, Year 2009 Revenue from use of yard
The average additional income per month in getting daripekarangan Rp. 431 500.
Commodities grown in the garden of perennial crops such as mango, banana and cloves used for planting crops other than annual, as well as to plant different crops, including shops and pharmacies to live lives of 80% is consumed for the purposes rumahtangganya
and 20% sold, in addition to their yards as well in use for pond tilapia, carp gold and partly used for cattle sheep or rabbits.
Use of yard areas Pantura (Sample-Subang District, District Sukasari, Village Sukasari) Utilization model yard
In the Village District Sukasari Sukasari average tenure of the population is 82.1 m2.
Households in the Village District Sukasari already using land yard. Land management is a simple compound. Households used their yards by planting both seasonal and annual crops.
In addition to the business of sheep. In detail as follows:Plant annuals planted the beans,eggplant, peppers and chili. Whereas annual crops are planted are mango, banana and tamarind. Watering in this village isirrigation.
Level of food sufficiency carbohydrate and protein sources
Table 8. Criteria for adequacy of food consumption and food sources of energy and protein in households
No. Nutritional Content
of Consumption factual consumption Suggested Criteria 1. Energy 2774,79 cal/kap/day 2.200 cal/kap/day enough
2. Protein 115,01 gr/kap/day 50 gr/kap/day enough
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009 Diversification of food consumption
Table 9. Food Nutmeg State Achievement Scores Hope (PPH) Farmer Household Respondents
No. Food Group Weight calorie Range
(%) PPH Score PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0.50 1957.50 70.55 35.27 25.00
2 Root 0.60 68.01 2.45 1.47 2.50
3 Animal Food 2.00 186.06 6.71 13.41 24.00
4 Oils and Fats 0.50 281.88 10.16 5.08 5.00
5 Fruits / seeds 0.50 85.48 3.08 1.54 1.00
6 Nuts 2.00 42.75 1.54 3.08 10.00
7 Sugar 0.50 97.52 3.51 1.76 2.50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5.00 55.60 2.00 1.76 30.00
Number 2774.79 100,00 71.63 100.00
Source: Results of Data Processing, Year 2009
Revenue From use yard
The average income of the yard in the Village sukasari Rp. 295 500 plants with the commodity form of annual and seasonal crops combined with sheep. Crops are planted in the form chili, chillies, and eggplant, while the annual crop of mango and tamarind.
Use of Yard Areas Prone to Food Village(Sample-Purwakarta district, District Tegalwaru, Village Batu Tumpang)
Utilization model yard
Utilization of the yard in rural food insecure areas are in desperate need of creativity from every household, every household can not manage their yards as well. In the Village District Batutumpang this Tegalwaru yard utilization is still lacking. With an average of 30 m2 yard area, in general, households do not optimally utilize the land garden. Most households use their yards only planted with 1 or 2 types of plants, which is planted with mango and a kind of ornamental plants. Besides the existing yard used by livestock of sheep and ducks. The reason for the lack of utilization of the yard is because of the availability of water.
With the assistance of independent action program of food then there are additional efforts that attempted sheep in the yard, because there are several affinity groups that utilize the yard with cattle sheep business.
Level of food sufficiency carbohydrate and protein sources
Table 10. Criteria for adequacy of food consumption and food sources of energy and protein in households
No. Nutritional content Factual Consumption Consumption advice Criteria 1. Energy 2002,56 Cal/Cap/day 2.200 Cal/Cap/day Enough
2. Protein 70,85 gr/cap/day 50 gr/cap/day Enough
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009 Diversification of food consumption
Table 11. Circumstances achievement scores on food expectations (pph) farmer household respondents
No. Food Group Weight Calorie Range
(%)
PPH Score
PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0.50 1203.43 60.09 30.05 25.00
2 Root 0.60 41.61 2.08 1.25 2.50
3 Animal Food 2.00 32.54 1.62 3.25 24.00
4 Oils and Fats 0.50 64.43 3.22 1.61 5.00
5 Fruits / seeds 0.50 7.69 0.38 0.19 1.00
6 Nuts 2.00 16.68 0.83 1.67 10.00
7 Sugar 0.50 617.06 30.81 15.41 2.50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5.00 19.11 0.95 4.77 30.00
Number 2928.77 100,00 58.19 100.00
Revenue from use of yard
Revenue earned per month in getting the yard by an average of Rp 62,200. Commodities grown in the garden of perennial crops such as mango, banana, coconut, and banana. While the crops are planted in the form of onion leaves, cassava leaves, peanuts and soybeans and partly used for cattle sheep.
Utilization yard in Industrial Area (Sample-Purwakarta district, District Tegalwaru, Warung Jeruk Village)
Utilization model yard
Communities in Warung Jeru Village, including the creative community in the use of yard area with land ownership on average 137.5 m2 planted with a variety of annual and seasonal crops. Annual crops are planted in the shop like orange mango, rambutan, papaya, and banana. While the seasonal crops such as chili, sosin, spinach, kale, cassava and various seasonings sometimes referred to tabulakar (herbs in the garden) like ginger. In addition land is also used for business yard goats and duck are also with the business goldfish. The reason for the lack of utilization of the yard is because of the availability of water.
Levels and adequacy of food sources carbohydrates protein
Table 12. Criteria for Adequacy of Food Consumption And Food Sources of Energy and Protein In Households
No. Nutritional content Factual Consumption Consumption advice Criteria
1. Energy 2471,98 Cal/Cap/day 2.200 Cal/Cap/day Enough 2. Protein 82,62 gr/cap/day 50 gr/cap/day Enough Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009
Diversification of Food Consumption
Table 13. Circumstances Achievement Scores On Food Expectations (PPH) Farmer Household Respondents
No. Food Group Weight Calorie Range (%)
PPH Score
PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0.50 1990.71 80.53 40.27 25.00
2 Root 0.60 37.97 1.54 0.92 2.50
3 Animal Food 2.00 86.43 3.50 6.99 24.00
4 Oils and Fats 0.50 171.81 6.95 3.48 5.00
5 Fruits / seeds 0.50 22.44 0.91 0.45 1.00
6 Nuts 2.00 36.35 1.47 2.94 10.00
7 Sugar 0.50 83.79 3.39 1.69 2.50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5.00 42.48 1.72 8.59 30.00
Number 2471.98 100,00 65.34 100.00
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009
Revenue from use of yard
Revenue earned per month in getting the yard by an average of Rp 124,000. Commodities grown in the garden of perennial crops such as mango, banana, coconut, and banana. While the crops are planted in the form of onion leaves, cassava leaves, peanuts and soybeans and partly used for cattle sheep.
Use of Yard Areas Agriculture Industry (Sample-Garut District, District Cibatu, Village Sukalilah)
Utilization model yard
Cibatu Sukalilah Village District is the village that successfully utilize rumahtangganya yards, and managed to become the national champion of the successful utilization of the yard.
People in the village population Sukalilah including creative use of the yard. Spacious yard with an area average of 108.5 m2 planted with a variety of seasonal crops such as cengek, tomato, scallion, sosin, spinach, kale is also an annual crop of banana and papaya.
Additionally yard land used for sheep and cattle enterprises chicken.
Levels and adequacy of food sources carbohydrates protein
Table 14. Criteria for Adequacy of Food Consumption And Food Sources of Energy and Protein In Households
No. Nutritional content Factual Consumption Consumption advice Criteria
1. Energy 2325,52 Cal/Cap/day 2.200 Cal/Cap/day Enough
2. Protein 61,20 gr/cap/day 50 gr/cap/day Enough
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009
Diversification of Food Consumption
Table 15. State Achievement Score On Food Expectations (PPH) Farmer Household Respondents
No. Food Group Weight calorie Range
(%)
PPH Score
PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0.50 1239.43 53.30 26.65 25.00
2 Root 0.60 36.40 1.57 0.94 2.50
3 Animal Food 2.00 101.50 4.36 8.73 24.00
4 Oils and Fats 0.50 154.63 6.65 3.32 5.00
5 Fruits / seeds 0.50 30.77 1.32 0.66 1.00
6 Nuts 2.00 22.86 0.98 1.97 10.00
7 Sugar 0.50 711.85 30.61 15.31 2.50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5.00 298.08 1.21 6.04 30.00
Number 2471.98 100,00 63.61 100.00
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009
Revenue from use of yard
Revenue earned per month in getting the yard by an average of Rp 199,750. Commodities grown in the garden of perennial crops such as mango, banana and papaya. While the crops are planted in the form sosin, kale, celery and garlic spinach leaves. The results of the annual crops of the yard 100% consumed by the household. While cattle are cultivated are goats.
Utilization in the Village Yard Prone Food (Sample-Garut District, District Cikelet, Village Cigadog)
Utilization model yard
Utilization of the yard in rural food-insecure rural areas Cigadog still lacking. It is in desperate need of creativity from every household, every household can not manage their yards as well. In the village is the utilization of the yard is still lacking. With the average area of the yard 2 mx 3 m, the average household does not optimally utilize the land garden.
With the assistance of independent action program of food then there is the addition of the business use of his yard with a cultivated sheep in the yard, because there are several affinity groups that utilize the yard with cattle sheep business. For More Clearly can be seen in Table 16 below:
Level of food sufficiency carbohydrate and protein sources
Table 16. Criteria for Adequacy of Food Consumption And Food Sources of Energy and Protein In Households.
No. Nutritional content Factual Consumption Consumption advice Criteria
1. Energy 2173,19 Cal/Cap/day 2.200 Cal/Cap/day Enough
2. Protein 86,16 gr/cap/day 50 gr/cap/day Enough
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009 Diversification of food consumption
Table 17. State achievement score on food expectations (pph) farmer household respondents
No. Food Group Weight Calorie Range (%)
PPH Score
PPH Score Maximum
1 Grain 0.50 1789.93 82.36 41.18 25.00
2 Root 0.60 60.91 2.80 1.68 2.50
3 Animal Food 2.00 63.76 2.93 5.87 24.00
4 Oils and Fats 0.50 98.51 4.53 2.27 5.00
5 Fruits / seeds 0.50 30.77 1.42 0.71 1.00
6 Nuts 2.00 28.77 1.32 2.65 10.00
7 Sugar 0.50 68.98 3.17 1.59 2.50
8 Vegetables and fruit 5.00 31.57 1.45 7.26 30.00
Number 2173.19 100,00 63.20 100.00
Source: Results of Analysis, Year 2009
Revenue yard in the Village Cigadog
Revenue from use of the yard in the Village Cigadog around Rp. 58 750 thousand per month, 80% of his yard on his own consumption, 20% for sale.
Conclusions
1. Study results to-4 region in West Java, in the courtyard in urban land use and rural differences in the choice of plants and orientation of the crop. For urban areas, generally been carried out the choice of plants or businesses that are more economical or profitable and the orientation of the crop more commercially oriented or for sale. As for rural areas, the choice of plants or businesses in utilizing the yard, tend to be limited, although the thinking is economically good selection of plants or business genius and the orientation of the crop has begun to grow in areas other than rural food insecurity. Food insecurity in the village of interest in utilizing their yards is still minimal.
2. Sufficient levels of carbohydrate and protein food source which is calculated based on the criteria Widyakarya National Food and Nutrition (2004) showed that households in the four regions of West Java to meet the recommended intake for energy and protein and belongs to the criteria fairly.
3. Diversification of food consumption, especially food source of carbohydrates and proteins are still few in number. This is indicated by Hope Food Pattern Score (SPPH) achieved was still below the maximum score of PPH. Score PPH has been achieved is still dominated by the grains food group, this show is still dependent on food staples of the four regions of West Java, on rice as the main carbohydrate food sources.
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