FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF LL.B
IV. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
1. Write down the mineral constituents of each of all the igneous rocks ?
2. Write down in thc order of superposition all thc sub- ordinate formations of thc Mesozoic Scries.
3. What Vertebrate animals characterise the Pliocene and Post-pliocene deposits of Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania, respectively ? 4. Mention some Mollusca with their distinguishing
characters marking the Triassic rocks.
5. In what formations do thc following genera begin and end their existence in time—-
1 Area, 2 Belemnitcs, 3 Tcrcbratula, 4 Fenestella, 5 Phillipsia, 6 Brontes, 7 Cy there, 8 Hippuritcs.
6. What Echinoderniata would help to identify the following formations from being peculiar to them—
1 Lias, 2 Upper Chalk, 3 Mountain Limestone, 4 Great Oolite, 5 Devonian, 6 Fullers' Earth, 7 Eocene Tertiary ?
7. What arc the characters of the principal genera of fishes found in the Devonian and Carboniferous formations, respectively ?
SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE.
(PROFESSOR HEARN.)
1. Enumerate the principal political reforms that were effected during thc reign of William I I I . '
2. (a.) Enumerate the occasions on which William I I I . exercised thc power of the veto.
(6.) Explain his reason for so acting on each of these occasions ?
d i i EXAMINATION PAPERS,
(c.) Why did he abstain from using this power in the case of the Army Bill ?
(d.) What was tho last occasion on which this power was used ?
(e.) How do you account for its disuse ?
(/.) Is the expression " the Royal Veto" correct ? Is there any, and, if any, what analogy between it and the Tribunitian A^eto ?
3. (a.) What was tho cause of the depreciation of the currency in the reign of William I I I . ? . (6.) Why was the more issue of good coins an in-
sufficient remedy ?
(c.) Why was the punishment of death for clipping an insufficient remedy ?
((/.) By what moans was the proper state of the cur- rency restored ?
(e.) What were thc circumstances which in that par- ticular year diminished the dangers incidental to this reformation of the currency ?
4. Lord Macaulay describes tho Forfeiture Resumption Bill of 1 COS as violent, unjust, and unconstitutional.
(a.) Show the propriety of each of these epithets.
(6.) What was thc expedient adopted by the Com- mons to secure the passage of this bill through thc House of Lords ?
(c.) Could such an expedient be now adopted ? • (d.) What previous attempt had been made by the
House of Commons to resume Crown grants in England, and with what success ?
(c.) What arc the differences between the last men- tioned case and thc Irish Forfeitures ?
THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. cliii
5. State the arguments l>y which an honest and intelli- gent Jacobite (<,'. (/. Lord llarcourt) would have jus- tified his support of thc Pretender.
6. (a.) What are the four periods into which Edmund Burke divides the policy of England in refer- ence to her American colonies ?
(6.) What were tho circumstances wliich gave rise to Mr. Grenvillc's Stamp Act ?
(c.) What were the circumstances which gave rise to Mr. Townsend's Excise Act'
7. (a.) What evidence have we to show that the Reform Ministries were not always so strong as they are usually represented ?
(6.) Mention some remarkable defeats which Mr. Pitt after his victory over the Coalition Ministry sustained.
8. State the principal measures carried by Mr. Pitt during the first part of his long administration.
9. Lord Macaulay observes that the mythical Pitt re- sembles thc genuine Pitt as little as the Charle- magne of Ariosto resembles the Charlemagne of Eginhard.
(a.) Describe the policy attributed to the mythical Pitt.
(6.) Compare this supposed policy with Mr. Pitt's actual conduct.
(c.) How do you account for the existence of the error ?
Jt 3
r l i v EXAMINATION PAPF.RS,
10. State the case of Stockdalc v. Hansard, and the grounds upon which it was decided. How was the particular difficulty that arose in that ease met, and what is the value (if any) of thc case, and the subsequent proceedings connected with it, as a Iirecedent ?
11. Mr. Hallam notices a remarkable contrast between thc Statute Books of England and of Scotland as to thc influence of the Crown. What is this contrast, and how can it be explained ?
12. How do you account for thc Highland Rebellious in favor of the Stuarts ?
13. What were the causes of the decline of the power of the Scottish nobility during the 18th century ? 14. When and in what circumstances did the King of
England become King of Ireland ?
15. What was the Irish Bill of Rights ? When, by whom, and in what circumstances was it carried ?
— ] . Herodotus relates a story, which ho evidently re- gards as absurd, told by some Phoenician sailors, that
"in sailing round Libya they had the sun on their right hand," /. e. to the north.
What is the test of the evidence in support of such a statement wliich Herodotus in thc then state of knowledge ought to have required ? When events are narrated as having happened before
the writer's own time, without any reference to any authority contemporary with those events, what is the test of their historical credibility?
3. M. La Place asserts that " the action of time inces- santly weakens the probability of historical facts."
(a.) What arc the grounds for this assertion ? (6.) Show that these reasonings arc inapplicable
to the transmission of historical evidence.
4. What are the conditions of society, both positive and negative, favorable to the generation of Mythes ? 5. What in such a state of society is the function of the
Mythe ?
G. How do you account for the general adoption of the semi-historical theory of thc Mythe ? What weight, if any, do you a'ttach to these reasons ?
I I . — 1 . What is thc function of History in Political Philosophy ?
2. What is meant by an Economic Law, and what is the nature of the arguments by which it is established or refuted ?
3. State the grounds on which Mr. Mill describes Political Economy as an hypothetical science, and Mr. Senior's objections to this description.
4. " In any tolerably advanced science there is properly no such thing as an exception." Explain this statement.
5. " There is one social element which is predominant and almost paramount among the agents of thc.
Social Progression."
(a.) What is this clement ? (6.) How is its influence proved 1
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(c.) State the generalization that has been proposed as to thc various stages through wldch it passes.
6. Mr. Mill remarks that thc writers of tho new Historical School, in France, " are mostly chargeable with a fundamental misconception of the true method of Social Philosophy."
(a.) Mention some of thc principal writers re- ferred to.
(6.) What writer docs Mr. Mill specially except from his charge ?
(c.) What is thc object of this School ? (d.) In what docs its error consist ?
I I I . — 1 . What is meant by an Institution ? What arc the two kinds of Institutions as regards their origin ? Give examples of each.
2. What are thc necessary attributes of a complete Institution ?
3. Is the representative system merely a substitute for the ancient poimlar assembly, or has it any, and, if any, what substantive importance ?
4. Does the constitutional law of England or of America recognise in any, and, if any, what way the repre- sentative system as being a substantive Institution ? 5. State and account for thc difference between the
ancient and .the modern ideas of liberty.
6. What, according to Liober, are the two great types of government now existing among civilised men, and what are their respective characteristics ?
THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION, c l v i i
I.T—1. What, according to Mr. Ric.irdo, are the only causes of difference in the value of land? Is there any other cause? If there be, state its nature and explain its influence.
2. Mr. Mill says that there are only two propositions which the Ricardian theory of rent really involves.
What arc these propositions ? How far, if at all, are they inconsistent with the views of Mr. Carey.
3. (a.) What is thc proof of tho Law of Diminishing Returns ?
(6.) What seems to be thc use of this Law ?
(c.) Do you consider the Law applicable exclusively to land? State thc reasons for your opinion.
4. A " Italian economist writes, " Carey and, after him, Bastiat, have introduced a formula (as to value) that 1 believe destined to be universally adopted
* '"' " I regard tliis formula as most felicitous."
(«.) What is the formula ?
(6.) In what docs its peculiar felicity, if any, con- sist ?
(c.) How far does it coincide with Adam Smith's description of what is dear and what is cheap ? 5. Explain the exact nature of the benefit which a pro-
ducer or a dealer derives from a new customer.
C. State the theory of wages and profits given by Mr.
Carey and M. Bastiat, and the arguments by which it is supported.
7. Mr. Mill observes that " tho cost of labor is a func- tion of three variables." Explain this proposition.
Clviii EXAMINATION PAPERS,
8. M. Bastiat contends that competition is the true Communism and the true St. Simonism.
(a.) Explain the systems to which he refers.
(6.) Show how competition attains the results at which they aim.
9. What are the principal economic changes that have hitherto characterised the progress of civilized society?
I I . — 1 . What arc the three functions of Government recognized by Adam Smith? What are thc dif- ferent classes of public works and institutions which he considers that a Government may support ? 2. How does Smith show thc expediency of providing
thc revenue for public purposes from taxation, and not from any other source ?
3. Mr. Mill observes that " laissez faire" is the general rule, but subject to large exceptions.
(a.) What are the reasons which he urges in support of thc rule?
(6.) What are tho exceptions wliich he allows ? {<:.) Do you think that these exceptions or any of
them ought to be admitted?
4. (a.) In any argument relative to the imposition of protective duties, where does the burden of proof rest?
[!>.) What, in such an argument, must be proved, assuming the usual maxims of Political Eco- nomy ?
(c.) Is it possible, by thc same tax, both to raise a revenue and to stimulate domestic industry ?
THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. clix
(d.) Mention some cases in which protection has been or may be conceived to bo useful ?
(<?.) What is the sole instance in which Mr. Mill admits such a duty to be, on merely Economic grounds, admissible 1
(/.) What is the nature of the aid given in the case to which Mr. Mill refers, and to what incon- venience is the method he suggests exposed ? 5, Mr. Spencer observes that " the various law-made
instrumentalities for effecting ends that might otherwise not yet be effected, all embody a subtler form of thc protectionist hypothesis."
(a.) Under what generalization may all thc actions going on iu society be comprised ?
(6.) What is the natural order of the satisfaction of
/ desires ?
(i\) What is thc consequence of legislative inter- ference with this order ?
6. (a.) What is Mr. Spencer's statement of the Law of Progress ?
(6.) How docs ho apply this principle to political lihenomena ?
(a.) How to industrial phenomena?
Clx EXAMINATION PAPERS,
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A.
FEBRUARY TERM, 1862.
SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE AND LOGIC.
(PROFESSOR IRVING.)
L—TH UCYDIDKS, L—IV.
Translate—•
((7.) TrapaXaflovTt'; Se ui'roiis ol KcpKvpaioi
7)^5pa77oot(ravTO.
Tliucyd. iv., c. 47, § 3—c. 4 8, § 4.
(6.) Tyv p.cv TtapdSocrLv
TOL'S y / u v EViorpaTEixraiTas.
Tliucyd. iii., c. 53, 54, § 2.
1. What is the historical value of thc speeches given by Thucydides ?
2. Give an account of all tho history of Corcyra detailed in these books.
3. Where are CEnophyta, Gythium, Cercine, /Eniada;, Amphipolis, Nisiea.
4. Explain these nautical terms: uxarioi' dptfrypiKov,
o p p t i v oppit,tLv, oAxa?, TpoTtonyp, ETri/Jarai.
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. d x i
5. Translate and explain the following phrases : E'S
TttvTacna r d X a v r a d y t i v p i r p a , ttdvrwv dntpiOTrroi Ttaph, TO VLKU.V, i v ^ p w irapaTrXEOVTES, i v dp<\>iji6Xw yiyvtaSai,, i£avaxo>pitv TO. e l p y p i v a , ov jiovXop.ivw t t v a i .
G. Give the equivalent English for thc following terms, explaining and deriving them also—vrryptaia.—
£$£Xo7rpo£-Ei/os— ittyptia—XV^-V—" dyos—EyKtipcrtos—
£vXuxris—E?riT£t^io is-
II.—PI.ATO, KEPUBLIC.
Translate—
(f(.) dpiiTKti yovv, y v 8' i y h , w m t t p TO Ttporepov •
• . TtXiw; iTtiKaraSapOdvtLv.
Plato, Republic, b. vii., p. 534.
(6.) crcpas ovv ETTEISI/ a(j}iKta-6aL
TO 5 E KUl ptlTOVV T011TWV.
Plato, Republic, b. x., p . G17 e, 618 b.
•1. What is the object of the myths employed by Plato?
2. What docs Plato mean by toWi? Trace thc influence of this theory on later philosophy.
3. Give a brief sketch of the life and the character of Socrates.
4. Give the Greek names of the various branches of education laid down by Plato, with their English equivalents.
5. Translate and explain thc following phrases : Tyv
'A-SpdoTEiav TtpoaKvi-tiv, dc^LKoiyv p.ivrdv, fibtXvpo's y a p £i, TO TOI'TOU i x o p t v o v , ATTOXXCUI'I TW TTOTpoiu), p y dXXwS TTOtEl-
d x i i EXAMINATION PAPER*,
6. Give the equivalent English for thc following terms, deriving and explaining them: hpappivyj, dXifiavrf;, EiriTptTos Ttv9p,yv, t'jXtwpivos, KaTaKcp/iaTL^ta-Oai, pyrpis, xapi^'TL^t<T0aL, pvppa.
III.— Livv, BOOKS L— V.
Translate—
((,-.) Multi vcnisse tcmpus prcmcndic plebis putabant . . . plebisque non patrum tribunos esse.
Livy, ii., c. 34, 35.
[d.) Auxit cam iram
. quod impcrator csset militibus minatus.
Livy, iv., c. 49, 50.
1. Give from Livy a list of thc Roman kings, with dates. Mention thc grounds on wliich this is rejected as non-historical.
2. Distinguish vigiliaj, stationcs, prresidia; plcbs, popu- 1ns; provocatio, appellatio, intercessio; tributum, vectigal
3. Derive and explain unciarium fenus, addictus, sacro- sanctus, trames, quadruplator, lectistcrnium, deli- bare.
4. Translate and explain these phrases : vades publicos dare; justum bellum; graviore anui tempore jam circumacto; fcrrc agere plebem, plebisque r e s ; semu horaj in orbem opcri attributac sunt; nee auspicato nee litato.
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. clxiii
IV.—TACITUS.—AJWALS, GZRMAKIA, ACIUCOLA.
(c.) Est videre ajiud eos argcntea vasa . . . . infamiam laquco finierunt.
Tacitus, Germania, c. 5, § 4, and c. G.
(d.) Dum base per provincias
. mox ad man us et ferrum transirent.
Tacitus, Histories, c. 87, 88.
1. Mention the principal tribes of ancient Germany, and show how the names of any of them arc retained in modern times.
2. Distinguish between propinquus, adfinis; arvum, agcr ; casus, galea ;'vertices and juga montium ; liccntia, libido.
3. Translate and explain the following phrases : scditio sine sanguine stctit; transisso aistuaria decorum in frontem ; fcuus agitare ct in usuras cxtendere ; lege curiata apud pontificcs adoptare ; medio diei tcmu-
> lontus ct sagina gravis.
4. Derive and explain these words: rixa, dcliborare, cxercitus togati, commeatus, indigena, enavatus, suoYctaurilia.
V .
1. Mention thc names of thc principal Etruscan deities.
Derive.and explain them.
2. What is known about the Oscan x>lays ?
3. On what grounds is the study of the Classical languages urged by Donaldson (
d x i v EXAMINATION PAPERS,
4. Whence was the Greek alphabet derived? Give tho theory of its formation.
5. Explain thc etymology of these words: custos, Titicnses, civis, Harlequin, Punch, AiGvpapfios, KoXos, FoVa£.
G. Of what varying degrees of necessity do necessary judgments admit?
7. What account does Manscl give of thc idea of "sub- stance"?
8. What is, according to Mill, the true view of a propo- sition ?
9. St.ite and explain the four methods of experimental inquiry. Show how they were used in forming a theory of dew.
10. What is meant by an approximate generalization, and why and how arc such generalizations valuable ? 11. Enumerate and briefly explain tho circumstances
chiefly instrumental in operating on thc passions.
12. What rhetorical tropes are conducive to vivacity, and how ?
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. c l x v
SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCE.
(PROFESSOR M'COY.)
I.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OP PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
1. What is understood by "Specific centres"? Give some examples.
2. What arc the conditions, in temperate climates, mainly influencing the Polar limits of annual and perennial plants respectively ? Give examples in support of your answer.
3. Arrange the following groups of plants used for food in the relative order of their successive disappear- ance in America with an increase of altitude of the localities, viz.:—
(a.) Region of wheat and maize.
(6.) Coniferous trees.
(c.) Palms.
(a7.) Barley and oats.
(e.) Sugar and cotton.
(/.) Mosses.
(fi.) Bananas.
4. Trace approximately the North and South Equ.itorial climatal limits of Wheat (grown in winter) giving your reasons for thc more remarkable deviations from the nearest parallels of latitude.
d x v i EXAMINATION PAPERS,
5. Enumerate as many as you can of Schouw's Phyto- geograpliical Regions of the Earth, fixing the limits of tiiosc you give, both for temperature and space.
G. What Marsupial Genera of Mammalia occur in the Old World, and where are they found ?
7. What is the geographical range of (or.) The Thumb-less Apes.
(6.) Monkeys with prehensile tails.
(c.) Thc Lemurs.
8. From what parts of the world arc indigenous species of the genus Felis absent ?
9. To what parts of the Earth are the members of the family Camelida) confined ?
II.—GENERAL, EXTERNAL, AND ANATOMICAL CHA- RACTERS OF CLASSES, ORDERS, AND FAMILIES OF ANIMALS.
1. What arc the general anatomical and external charac- ters of the Rotifera, and into what families are they grouped 1
2. Explain what is meant by tho "alternation of gene- rations" in the Ilydroida, and how docs it contrast with the development by ova of the same ?
3. Define thc eight principal Orders of the Echinoder- mala,
4. State briefly the distinguishing anatomical and exter- nal characters of the five Classes of the Homogan- gliata.
EXAMINATION FOR THE DECREE OF M.A, clxvii
5. Characterise the chief families of each of tho two orders of Cephalopoda.
C. Define the six principal Orders of the Class of Fishes.
7. How do you distinguish Man from thc others of the Primates, and by what dental characters do the Primates differ from
(a.) The lluminanlia '!
(6.) Thc Kodentia ? (c.) Tho Carnivora ?