FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF LL.B
SCHOOL 0.1? SOCIAL SCIENCE
EXAMINATION FOR THE DECREE OF M.A, clxvii
5. Characterise the chief families of each of tho two orders of Cephalopoda.
C. Define the six principal Orders of the Class of Fishes.
7. How do you distinguish Man from thc others of the Primates, and by what dental characters do the Primates differ from
(a.) The lluminanlia '!
(6.) Thc Kodentia ? (c.) Tho Carnivora ?
clxviii EXAMINATION PAPERS,
4. Show that the injunctions of the law of Equal Freedom coincide with, and anticipate those of Political Economy.
5. What is thc rationale of the Expediency Idea of Government.
G. In what considerations docs Mr. Spencer find a basis for the law of Libel.
7. What are thc distinguishing marks of those iiositive moral rules wliich are laws properly so called ? 8. What are the distinguishing marks of those positive
moral rules which are styled laws by an analogical extension of the term ?
9. What arc the distinguishing marks of the laws which are styled lams by a metaphor ?
10. What are the distinguishing marks of Sovereignty and independent political Society ?
11. Mention some of the most remarkable cases in which jurists have confounded thc questions of the existence and the merits of a law.
12. Explain thc meanings of the following terms : Law, Sovereign, Republic, State, Nation.
I I , — 1 . What are the rules which Lord Bacon proposes for the Coditicatioii of the Common Law ?
2. What are the rules which he proposes for the Codifi- cation of the Statute Law ? . .
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. clxix
3, Savigny and other German jurists have opposed the project of Codification.
(a.) Does that Codification to which they object express the same idea as that to which Bacon refers ?
(6.) What are the grounds of their objection ? 4. What does Bacon mean by Censorial and PriEtorian
Courts, and how does he propose to regulate their jurisdiction ?
6. What are the three principles on which Bentham founds his theory of obligations ?
G. What arc the objects of the Civil Law, and what is the relative importance of their objects ?
7. What are the objections which Bentham makes to the Community of Goods 1 Do these objections apply to the wise of Commercial Partnerships ? 8. What .ire the four private conditions ? Show that
this division-admits of further reduction.
9. What is Satisfaction 1 What is the test of its suf- ficiency ?
10. What is Punishment? What is the most general classification of Punishments ?
11. State the principal cases in wliich punishment ought not to be inflicted.
12. What is Retaliation? State the advantages and disadvantages of this rule,
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d x x EXAMINATION PAPERS,
I I I . — 1 . State the diftercnt senses in which the term Jurisprudence has been used by jurists.
2. State the division of subjects of law adopted by the Roman jurists, and the objections to this division.
3. Give some account of the life of Grotius. What were the circumstances that directed his attention to International Law, and why did he extend his inquiries to General Jurisprudence ?
4. What arc the two great modern Schools of Law, and who arc the representatives of each school ? 5. What are thc agencies by which law is brought into
harmony with the progress of Society ?
C. State and give examyilcs of the special dangers to which law in its infant state is liable.
7. What is meant hy Jus Gentium? Show its connec- tion witli the Law of Nature.
8. State thc principal postulates of International Law, and trace its connection with Roman Law.
9. St.ite Ruber's maxims of International Comity.
10. State the principal rules of International Law with respect to the formal requisites of obligations, and give instances of their application.
11. What has been the cause of thc disagreement be- tween different states on the subject of allegiance 1 12. State the general rule adopted by modern publicists
as to the nationality of legitimate children. How far does this rule agree with English Law and with the Code Napoleon ?
EXAMINATION FOR DEGREES OF M.R. AND M.D. d x x i
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREES OF M.B.
AND M.D. UNDER THE SPECIAL REGULA- TIONS.
FEBRUARY TERM, 1862.
GREEK.
(PROFESSOR IRVING.)
XE.VOI'IION. ANABASIS, Book I,
1. Translate literally—
' E v TOVTlf Oi TW TOTtW
; TU. Si Kpia avrutv ^Stora yv.
2. Give the meanings and t h e derivation of t h e follow- ing : drLpdtfji, rtpdypa, <j>vyd<;, avroparos, crvppaxos, iTtTtoSpopos.
3. Give t h e future, perf. act., 2 aor. act, or 1 aor. pass.
of Ovya-Kw, cnjvaXXda-crw, KaraKOTtrw, Lcrrypi, UKOVW, voplt,w.
4. W h a t are t h e meanings of OTTOO-OS, KarajriTrEpas,
\piXXia, yi/Xocpos, dpKTos, TtXaia-Lov 1 5. T r a n s l a t e —
viKycras ipi^oita ol trepl croc^ias oi'K ttftaa-uv livui TOV 7tp6(rw
WCtTttp 1*1/ SpdpOL TtS TTfpi VLKyS
iyevtro fXX^vi pySiv dSiKovi'Ti aircjbaXais TtoptvtcrOaL.
G. Mention any English words derived from x"l>' TOVS, Ttp,vw, TtXya-Q-w, Ttdo~xw, Ttntrw.
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c l x x i i EXAMINATION PAPERS,
LATIN.
(PROFESSOR IRVING.)
CELSUS DE MEUICINA, I., II., I I I . , IV.
1. Translate literally—
Quo minus minim est
natandi scientiam non habent, 2. Give the principal parts of the following verbs—
increvit, contriti, consuerunt, porrigatur, intereme- rit, contusus, inveteravit, aperiunt.
3. Give the meaning of the following—utppte, novissime, perquam, uihilominus, nonnunquam, satius.
4. Give the meaning and the derivation of—lawor, per- niciosus, comitialis morbus, cucurbitula, frictio, Xienicillus, with the meaning of the parts into which you analyse each word.
5. What are the English equivalents for sua; spontis esse, cibus quantus xilcnissimus potest concoqui, creta figularis corpori illita, si quid parum ccsserit, tertio quoque die, opus est fomentis humidis ? G. What is thc meaning of the following terms—pal-
mula, gravedo, dcfrutum, posca, gestatio, serxiyllura, sebum (or sevum), malum cotoneum.
PHARMACOPCEIA AND MEDICAL TERMS.
(PROFESSOR IRVING.)
1. Translate literally—
IV Calcis Chlorinates libras quatuor, Spiritus rectificati octarium dimidium, Aquaj. octarios decern,
Calcii Chloridi in frustula contusi drachmam.
Calccm, prius Aqua mixtam, in retortam im- mitte, iisqiie adde Spiritum, ut mistura tertiam tantum retorta? partem implcat. Dein balneo arenoso calefac, et quum primuni incipit cbullitio, quam citissime subduce ignem, ne retorta rumpatur calore repcntino aucto. Destillet liquor in recep- taculum eo usque ut nihil sit quod sidat, igne, siquando opus fuerit, restitute. Liquori destillato adde aqua; quadruplum, atque omnia simul bene agita. Graviorcm partem quce subsedcrit cauto scpara, cique adjice Chloridum, et subinde per horam agita. Denique iterum destillet liquor ex retorta vitrea in recexitaculum vitreum.
Coloris expers, odore gr.ito, pondus specificura L48 non minus est. In aijud vix onmino liquatur.
Laomi colorcm rubro non inficit. Cuti infricatum mox effugit, odore fere niUlo relicto.
2. Translate literally—
R. Ferri Sulphatis uncias duodecim, Sodie Carbonatis uncias duodecim cum
scmisse,
Acidi Citrici uncias sex,
d x x i v ' EXAMINATION PAPERS,
Liquoris Ammonias fluiduncias novem, Aquse destillatae fervcntis octarios duo-
decim.
Sulphatem ct Carbonatem scparatim liqua in Aqua; octariis sex. Liquorcs adhuc calentes misce, et sepone, ut subsidat quod demissum est. Hoc, cffuso liquore supernatantc, aqua, sscpius lava, ct cum Acido adjecto caloris ope liqua. Dein ubi refrixerit, admixta Ammonia, liquorem consume ad syrupi crassitudinem. Hunc super patinas fictiles lilanas teuuitcr cxtensum, leni calore exsicca. In vase bene obturate scrvetur.
In aqua liquntnr. Hie liquor neo lacmi ncquo curcuma: colorcm mutat; neque addito pot.isaii fciToeyaniilo cocnileus tit ; additil antcm vol potassd vol liquoro calcia, demittit ferri sesquioxidum, cjicit ainmoniam. E granis 100 in aqufl liquatis, ndjectil potass.1, denuttuntur fcrri scsqmoxidi gi-ana circiter 34.
3. Derive fully the following terms, giving the meaning of each part into which you resolve the compounds
•—analysis, asthma, autopsy, catarrh, constipation, cuticle, diphtheria, dropsy, dyspeptic, excoriate, in- oculate, jugular, lymphatic, miliary, nausea, phleb- . otomy, phthisis, puerperal, vaccinate, vertigo.
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
(EXAMINERS—JAMES R. MOTHERWELL, M.D., AND JAMES li. ROBERTSON, M.A. AND M.D.)
[N.B. Ill answering the questions, state in detail the treatment, and particularly thc doses of Medicine you recommend.]
I n the Commentary it is expected that the nature of the disease, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment will be detailed.
1. State the general characters of the Exanthemata, or eruptive fevers—thc diagnostic symptoms of Scar- latina, its varieties, the treatment that you would recommend, and the sequela; liable to supervene*
2. Enumerate the various causes of Epilepsy, the dis- eases with which it may be confounded, and the symptoms by which it may bo distinguished from them and from feigned Epilepsy. State what treatment you would employ during thc fit and in the intervals between fits,
3. Describe the general and local treatment applicable to acute articular Rheumatism, and the complications liable to arise in the course of that disease, with their appropriate treatment.
4. Describe the symiitoms and physical signs of acute Pneumonia in its various stages, and the treatment you would adopt iu each stage.
c l x x v i EXAMINATION PAPERS,
5. State thc symptoms of chronic poisoning by Lead, the manner in which it is usually introduced into the system, and thc treatment you would recom- mend for the relief of the symptoms and the elimination of the poison. State also the -morbid appearances in fatal cases.
G. State the distinctive characters and symptoms of Delirium Ebriosorum and of Delirium Tremens, and the treatment applicable to each form of disease.
7. Enumerate the various causes of Anasarca or General Dropsy, and detail the treatment applicable to particular cases according to the cause or causes.
CASE FOR COMMENTARY.
A male, aged 35, of a pale sallow complexion, conva- lescent from fever of an intermittent character, states that he has had a relapse, and complains of general debility, slight cough with a little mucous expectoration, and obscure pains in the epigastrium and across thc loins; has occasional rigours, and night perspirations,and is becoming emaciated. Pulse small and frequent, tongue furred, appetite indifferent, bowels regular, urine high- coloured and depositing a lateritious sediment on cooling.
Nothing abnormal can be detected in the state of the lungs. The pain complained of in the loins is increased on coughing, and by percussion over thc lower dorsal and upper lumbar vertebra;.
FORENSIC MEDICINE.
(EXAMINERS—JAMES B. MOTHERWELL, M.D., AND JAMES ROBERTSON, M.A. AND M.D.)
1. What are the symptoms in a case of poisoning with Opium or any of its preparations, and what treat- ment would you adopt ?
2. If the dead body of a recently-born infant was sub-
• mitted to you for examination, what proofs would induce you to believe that the infant had been born alive ?
3. What arc tho symptoms of poisoning by Strychnine, and what treatment would you employ if summoned promptly to a case ?
4. Describe the mode of procedure ami the treatment you would adopt in order to restore animation in cases of drowning.
5. You arc called to make a post mortem examination of the body of a female, who is reported to have been recently delivered of a child. What are the appear- ances that you would expect to find if such had been the case ? and how long after delivery would there be sufficient proofs to enable you to give positive evidence of the fact ?
6. What circumstances would lead you to infer that insanity was feigned and not real ?
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EXAMINATION PAPERS,
OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AND DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
(EXAMINERS—RICHARD THOMAS TRACY, M.D., AND WILLIAM M. TURNRULL, M.D.)
Three of thest questions must be answered to entitle tlie Candidate to pass.
1. Describe the structure and uses of the Placenta.
2. State the different causes of haemorrhage following the birth of a child, and your treatment of each.
3. Under what circumstances is it necessary to induce Premature labor ? What are the methods of accom- plishing it, and which of these methods would you practise ?
4. Describe the symptoms of a case of Acute Hydro- cephalus, and the treatment you would advise.
5. You are asked to see a case of supposed Ovarian Dropsy.
What inquiries would you make, and how would you examine so .is to diagnose it from a case of Ascites, Uterine, or other abdominal tumour ? 6. A married woman consults you, complaining of the
following symptoms:—Dragging pain in the groins;
irregular, painful, and sometimes profuse menstrua- tion ; bearing down sensation in lower part of rectum, with great pain and difficulty in defecation.
What would you suppose her malady to be—how would you proceed to examine her—and what would be your treatment ?
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY.
(EXAMINERS—EDWARD BARKER, F.R.C.S., ENGL., AND WILLIAM GILLBEE, M.R.C.S., ENGL.)
Three of the questions to he answered.
1. Describe the various dislocations of the Hip Joint and the modes of reduction.
2. Enumerate the various fractures of the radius, and the causes of displacement to be guarded against in each.
3. Describe the varieties, causes, and the surgical treat- ment of'haemorrhoids.
4. Describe the common causes of spasmodic stricture of the Urethra, and thc means to be adopted for its relief.
5. Give an account of the causes, symptoms, and va- rieties of Erysipelas, of the sources of danger in the disease, and thc principles of treatment.
6. In what injuries of thc skull would you think it right to remove bone with the trephine or other instru- ment ?
ANATOaiY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY.
EXAMINERS—DAVID JOHN THOMAS, M.D., AND JAMES T. RUDALL, F.R.C.S., ENG.
Two questions out of the three on each subject must be answered.
I . — 1 . Give the course and relations of the common Carotid Artery iu the neck.
d x x x EXAMINATION PAPERS,
2. Describe the boundaries of thc thorax ; mention how
• the mediastina are formed, and state the contents of each mediastinum.
3. Name thc regions into which the abdomen is divided, and the parts situated in each region.
II.—X. Give a description of the red and colourless corpuscles of the blood, and st.ite what is known resiiccting the junctions of the red corpuscles.
2. Describe the different kinds of epithelium, and give examples of the situation of each kind.
3. What are thc changes which food undergoes in the stomach and small intestines during digestion?
I I I . — 1 . Give an account of the terminations and effects of acute inflammation, as observed on mucous and on serous surfaces.
2. What is the specific gravity of healthy urine ; and what is the average quantity passed by an adult in twenty-four hours? Give a sketch of the microsco- pical and naked eye appearances of urine containing
Uric Acid.
Oxalate of Lime.
Triple Phosphate.
Urate of Ammonia.
Pus.
Blood.
3. What appearances in the dead body would you expect to find after death from Pyrcmia ?
CHEMISTRY AND PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.
(EXAMINERS PROFESSOR M'COY AND DR. MACADAM.)
I.— 1. Give some examples of the "Law of chemical com- bination by volume," and g've a general statement of the Law.
2. Give thc "chemical equivalent weight" of a few Ele- ments, and with such numbers exemplify clearly the law of chemical combination in equivalent pro- portions by weight, contrasting thc law with that regulating chemical combination by volume.
3. Give some examples of thc method of representing thc results of the chemical action of compounds ou each other by the use of Formula;, and state the general rules for the order in wliich the names of the elements or simple compounds are used iu con- structing the names of compounds.
4. State generally the use of Electrolysis in classifying the Elements according to the general laws of
" Electro-chemistry," and arrange the symbols of any four elements so that the first may be more electro-positive than the second, the second than tho third, the third than the fourth, and state the electro-chemical relation of the fourth to the first.
5. Give the characters of the different Crystallogr.iphic Systems.
G. Define the fundamental forms of crystals, referring each to its system.
7. How are substances identified by their crystalline characters (optic and goniometrical) in other than the cubic system ?
c l x x x i i EXAMINATION PAPERS,
8. What arc thc more striking chemical distinctions be- tween animal and vegetable compounds, and what are the most marked exceptions to the general rules ? 9. Describe the mode of preparation and chemical pro-
perties of Hydrocyanic acid.
10. What are the symbols of the two chlorides of Mer- cury used in Pharmacy, and how are they prepared ? 11. What Alkaloids are present in Opium ?
12. Explain the nature of the relations between the chemical groups of compounds called Sugars, Alco- hols, Ethers, and Fats, and state generally their chendcal distinctive characters.
I I . — 1 . Describe accurately thc process for the manufac- ture of Iodine from its natural sources; using symbols for the designation of all the chemical substances referred to.
2. Describe accurately the methods of ascertaining the specific gravity of dense solids, porous solids, solids lighter than water, and solids soluble in water re- spectively, exemplifying the formula of calculation from the specific weight of some known body.
3. Describe the construction and mode of use of the ordinary instruments for ascertaining the density of fluids.
4. Describe Marsh's test for Arsenic, with the precau- tions to be used in applying it.
5. Mention some tests for Iron, Copper, Tin, Lead, Mer- cury, Antimony, and Bismuth, in different stages of oxygenation.
6. What are the Fluxes used in testing with the Blow- pipe, and what color is given to the flame by Potash, Soda, Barytes, Strontites, and Lime re- spectively.
MATERIA MEDICA AND BOTANY.
(EXAMINERS—RICHARD EADES, M.A. AND M.B., AND FERDINAND MUELLER, PH.D. AND M.D.)
I.—1, What are the characteristic differences in the escharotic action of SO3 and NO5 ?
2. What are the physiological effects of dilute SO3, and NO5, and CI H ? Is there any characteristic action peculiar to each ? If so, state it.
3. What are the symptoms of poisoning by Cy H ? 4. How does Potassa f usa act as an escharotic ?
5. Write without abbreviations a Tonic mixture in Anorexia caused by drunkenness ?
I I . — 1 . I n what consist the main distinctions of the natural order Compositse ?
2. Enumerate the principal medicinal plants belonging to the order Solanacese ?
3. What are the main principles on which the divisions and subdivisions of Jussieu's natural system of plants are based ?
c l x x x i v EXAMINATION PAPERS,
4. Give the botanical name of thc plant yielding tho true Ipecacuanha root, its native country, and the order of plants to which it belongs ?
5. What arc the distinctions between a monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant ?
FIRST EXAMINATION FOR THE CERTIFI- CATE OF CIVIL ENGINEER.
[ I N GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY, AND IN ALGEBRA,
the papers were the same as for the First Examina- tion for the Degree of B.A.]
SURFACE AND MINING SURVEYING AND LEVELLING.
(BE, GRIFFITH.) 0. T. 1SC1.
1. State the regular method of ascertaining whether thc hue of collimation of a theodolite is in adjust- ment.
2. How do you ascertain whether the levels on the hori- zontal limb of a theodolite are in adjustment ? and
• explain the usual method of adjusting them when found to be incorrect.
3. If there should be an index error in the vertical limb of a theodolite, mention the best method for de- termining its amount.
4. What are the requisite adjustments for the ordinary Dumpy level?
5. Explain the principle of the vernier.
G. Describe the method of using the prismatic compass.
7. Make the proper entries in the columns of rise, fall, reduced levels, of thc following portion of a field level book, and. give the proper checks on the ac- curacy of the arithmetical work :—
Hack Staff.
3-60 1-97
6-25.
2-97 3-37 1-90 5-30 13 CO
Fore Stall.
1435 8-24 10-12 15-30 8-15 10-10 15-23 10 28 14-49 10-83 11-90 2-24 10-25 15-40
Rise. Fall. Reduced Levels.
105 72 Distance in Chains.
110 111 113-30 114 115 118 119 120 121 122 124 125 130 133 -
Remarks.
B. M.
Stream.
Show by a sketch the nature of the section given by the foregoing field book, indicating by figures the lengths of the several lines used in its construction.
In levelling, mention what are the advantages arising from having thc back-staff and the fore-staff at equal distances from the instrument.