STORAGE OF BEETS

� 5 ^{� � � e � 4} 9 ^{� � M �} 4 ^{9 � �}

SEPT ocr NOV ^DEe

t:1t'II.Y AVERAGE Plt,.£ TEMPERATUf!ES WITH MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM AII'! TEMPERATURES

119

Figure 4-15. Average temperatures for vent,ilated and nonventilated piles at Hardin, Montana, 1(}49.

�

⁴⁰

I

_�30

25 30 5 _SEPT. � 15 20 _OCT. e � 4 9 14 _NOV � 24 � 4 9 14

OEC

DAilY MAXIMUM MD MINIMUM PilE TEMPERATURES Figure 4-16. Maximum temperatures for ventilated and nonventilated piles at Hardin, Montana, 1949,

120 BEET-SUGAR

TECHNOLOGY

Table 4-2

Piling

Results at Hardin, Montana-1949

LOlls

Sugar

^Loss

Pile Pile

I ^{I To�}

^So,",

ITom MoIM","

--- --- --- --- --- ---

Pereent Weight Peroent Total

I Purity Drop Bagged Per Produced Per

Ventilated pile Check pile . .

Difference . .

. . . . 6 . 02 4 . 61 0 . 04 983 . 6 243 . 7

. . . . 6 . 05

I

^{8 . 29 1 . 6 1 927 . 1 264 . 5}

. . . 0 . 03 3 . 68

I

^{1 . 57 56 . 5 20 . 8}

Table 4-3

Piling Results at Carlton, California-1949

Hours Te!'=ure PeRe�n�e�ht s�;!�R!J�tt�n p�':�tro�ty RecoR����lo�ugar I ^Percent

BeetaAre

^__ _-,--

__

I

^__ -,-__

I

^__ ---,-___ ! __ �--

In Bina

I

^----

;{�� ��: ;{�t� ��:! X��� �e:! lue�. 1I�:� J':��. �ei:::

-O- � -;:-; � � � �

I ^{IOO'O �}

^{100 . 0}

^��

12 74 . 0 85 . 6 9S . 0 98 . 4 9 9 . 7 99 . 4 99 . 8 99 . 4 9 6 . 5 94 . 9 24 73 . 0 85, 2 97 . 1 95 . 5 98 . 6 96 . 9 99 . 1 97 . 8 92 . 1 89 . 0

3 6 - - 96 . 5 95 . 1 95 . 3 90 . 8 97 . 1 9 4 . 4 85.4 81 . 1

RECOVERABLE SUGAR CURVES

Figure 4-17. Comparison of white sugar bagged from beets in ventilated and non­

ventil.&ted bins at Carlton, 1949, under extremely high temperature conditions pre-

vailing in late June and July in the Imperial Valley, California. .

STORAGE OF BEETS 121

two piles,

based

on the

analysis

of

67

captive �amples in each pile. The differences in

sugHr and purity were signifi('ant beyond the

1 percent level.

Purity

differences were as important as sucrose chunge::;

in determining the amount of white

sugar bagged per pile. K et savings

at this rate will pay for

the investment in three years. 1

t is helieved that these are repre­

sentative savings for

'other

cold \'l

ea

ther areas.

At Carlton, temperature

differences

between check and ventilated bins were much

greater.

Table 4-3

summarizes

the data, while Figure 4-17 shows differences in recoverable sugar for the two bins, as a function of time. This installation shows a greater profit than that at Hardin.

Ventilation of storage piles is increasing very rapidly in Michigan, which must result from profitable operation. The American Crystal Su

g

ar Co. has expanded its facilities for ventilation to Colorado, California, Iowa, and Minnesota. Research in this field continues both by the United States Department of Agriculture at Salt LH.ke City, and various sugar companies.

References

1. McGinnis, R. A., "Storage of Beet.s," personal communication, (April, 1950) · 2. Brooks, F. A . , and Bainclr, Roy, " Report of 1946 Temperature Measurements in Ventilated 2500 tone Sugar Beet. Pile of American Crystal BUgliT Co.," Clarksburg, California. Unpublished.

3. Stout, Myron, and Fort, C. A., "H.esults of Sugar Beet Storage Tests in 1947-8, Using Insulated Storage Columns." Unpublished (April 19, 1948).

4. Cannon, Rowland, "Observations on the Dehydration of Beets after Receiving and during Storage in Northern Montana, "

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol.,

Sixth Gen. Meet., 642 (1950).

5. Heiner, S., nInfra_red Aids Beet Piles. "

The Sugar

B

eet

, 95, 20--21 (1950).

6. Palmer, A . E., "The Storage of Beets between the Time of Harvesting and Slicing in Southern Alberta, Canada,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol.,

46-51 (I940--Part 1 ) .

7 . Gearheart, H . "Conditions o f Beet Storage a n d Final Quality of White Sugar,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar

BBet

Technol.,

(1938 ) ; and

Inlern. Sugar

J . , 40, 198 (1938) . 8. Gaskill, John, "Effect of Wilting, Drought, Nutrition, and Certain other Fac­

tors upon Rotting of Sugar Beets during Storage,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol.,

Sixth Gen. Meet., 653 (1950).

9 . Larroer, F. G., "Keeping Quality of Sugar Beets as Influenced by Growth and Nutrition Factors," J.

Agr. Research.,

54, N o . 3, 185-98 (1937 ) .

1 0 . Fort, C. A . , and Stout, Myron, UWhitewashing Sugar Beets t o Reduce Sugar Losses in Storage,"

Sugar,

40, No. 9, 34-40 (1945 ) .

1 1 . Hansen, C . M., "Michigan St.ate College Sugar Beet Storage Experiment,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar

Beet

Technol.,

Fifth Gen. Meet., 641--650 (1948).

12: Smith, R. J., "Sugars Losses of Beets in Storage,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol.,

286-289 (1940-Part 2) .

13. Fort., C. A . , and Stout, Myron, "Suggested Procedure for Obtaining Lower Temperatures during Sugar Beet Storage,"

Proc. Am. Sugar Beet 1'echnol . ,

Fourth Gen. Meet., 515-523 (1946) .

122 BEET-SUGAJl TEOHNOLOGY

14.

Stout, Myron, "Heat and Moisture Transfer Studies in Relation to Forced Ventilation of Insulated Columns of Sugar Beets,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Bset Technol. ,

Sixth Gen. Meet.,

647 (1950) .

15.

Stout, Myron,and Fort, C. A., c<A Small·scale Technique for Simulating Large Pile Conditions in Cooling and Storing Sugar Beets, "

Proe. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Tschnot.

Fifth Gen. Meet. ,

635-40 (1948) .

16.

Frakes, M. G. , "A Comparison of Three Methods of Oontrolled Ventilation in Piled Sugar Beets," Michigan Sugar Co.,

(1947 ) ,

unpublished.

17.

Frakes, M. G., "Economic Factors Concerned, and Results of Experience with Forced Ventilation in Piled Sugar Beets," unpublished

(1950) .

18.

Buaohlen, M. J . , and Diekman, C. F . , "Controlled Ventilation of Sugar Beet Stockpiles,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol . ,

(Detroit, Mich . ) ,

102-8 (1947 ) .

1 9 .

Downie, A . R . , "Sugar Beet Storage Experiment,

1947, " Proc. A m . Soc. Su.gar Beet Technol.,

Fifth Gen. Meet. ,

660-664 (1948 ) .

20. Hansen, Clarence M . , "Factory Beet-pile Ventilation Comes of Age in Mich­

iga.n/'

S'Ugar Beet

_J., 15. No.

2, 34-36 (1950).

21.

Cotton, R. H . , and Orleans, L . P., " Commercial Ventilation o f Beets in Stor­

age,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol.,

Sixth Gen. Meet.,

637 (1950) . 22.

Orleans. L. P., and Cotton. R. H . , "Reduction of Storage Losses in Sugar Beets by Ventila.tion, "

Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sei. ,

S4,

319-24 (1949) .

23 .

Downie, A. R.,

"1949

Results of Ventila.ted Storage of Sugar Beets, "

Proc.

Am. Soc. Sugar Beel Tee/molo,

Sixth Gen. Meet.,

640 (1950) .

24.

Holmes, L. J . ,

"1947

Results of Beet Storage Pile Ventilation,"

Proc. Am. Soc.

Sugar Beld Technol.,

Fifth Gen. Meet.

669-72 (1948).

25.

Barmington, R. D . , "Temperature-reduction Problems in Sugar Beet Storage,"

Tram. Am. Soc. Mech. Engri., 70. 685-7, (1948) .

In

Chem. Abstr. 8003- (1948).

26.

Ba.rmington, R. D., and Claycomb, R. S., "Forced Ventilation of Stored Sugar Beets," Colo. Agr. Exp. 8ta. , Scientific Journal Series, Paper No. 290

(I94Q).

Z'l. Bare, C . G . , Mervine, E. M., a n d Bice, R. A . , "A Preliminary Report on the Effect of Temperature and Beet Conditions on Respiration and Loss of Sugar from Beets in Storage,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol . ,

3.

52-63 (1942).

28. Pack, D. A., "The Storage of Sugar Beets,"

Facta aboug Sugar, 178-SO

(Aug .

. � . .

29. Conner, W. W., j'Beet Piling at Woodland during

1939

Campaign,"

AB8. CaUl.

Sugar Bee' Technol.,

Fifth Ann. Meet.

(1940) .

30. deRoubaix, Jean, and L&2ifU', 0., "Respiratory Metabolism of theSuga.r Beet/'

Svcr. Belg.,

_66.

189-97 (1947).

^•

3 1 .

Glave, Carl, "Delivery and Storage of Beets, "

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Teeknol.,

Eastern U. S. and Canada, Michigan,

96-7 (1947).

32.

Isaksson, A . "A Botrytis Form Causing Storage Rot in Sugar Beets,"

Proc.

Am. Boc, Sugar Beet Tecknol. ,

_423-430

(1942 ) .

3 3 .

Stout, Myron, and Fort, C. A., "Comparative Composition of Different Parts of the Sugar Beet Root,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol.,

Fifth Gen. Meet . ,

651-9

(1949) .

, 34.

Swift, E . , "Cooling Sugar Beet Piles,"

Orystallized Facta

(Amer. Sugar Co.)

2()-21

(Oct.,

1948). Sug.r,

_(4, No.

5,

50

(1949) .

35.

Wait, Russell, "Delivery and Storage of Fresh Beets,"

Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar

Beet Teelm"l.,

(Detroit, Mich.)

98-101 (1947) .

5

PRELIMINARIES TO PROCESSING"

This chapter bridges the g � p between the growing and processing of the sugar beets, or the territories of the agricultural superintendent and the factory superintendent. In it are described a number of small but very important operations carried out in preparing the beets for the factory.

Dirt Removal.

In addition to their cleaning at the beet dumps, beets are generally passed over one or more screens for dirt and trash removal before being delivered to the factory's storage area, bins, or flumes. Two repl'e.."Ientative types of equipment used for this purpose are the "potato chain,1) shown in Figure 5-1 and the Rienks screen, illustrated in Figure 5-2,

Factory Receiving Equipment.

In cool climates, beets delivered to the factory may either be piled in flat storage areas, where they may re­

main for several months; they may be delivered to wet hoppers, which in turn, empty directly into flumes, or they may be delivered to bins.

At

many factories, the beets are discharged directly into beet bins from ele­

vated railroad tracks. In warmer climates, such

as

are found in California, long term storage is also used when harvesting and cool weather condi­

tions make it advantageous; but normally the beets are stored in bins, where they remain for only a few days. Prolonged storage of beets, in both cold and warm climates, is the subject of the preceding chapter.

Railroad Car Receiving Hoppers. Railroad car receiving hoppers are

of two types, dry and wet. The dry hopper is used when the beets

_will

be conveyed to bin storage, and is located beneath the railroad track. The beets are removed from the hopper by a conveyor belt, and thence by cross-conveyors to the storage bins. Dry hoppers are usually constructed to hold one or two carloads of beets.

Wet hoppers are located directly over a flume, and in the inter-mountain area most of the beets in railroad cars are delivered to the factory through a wet hopper. Wet hoppers are built to hold from one to three carloads of beets, and are particularly suited for unloading of frozen beets for immedi­

ate reprocessing. Removal of the frozen mass from the railroad car

_re­

quires strong streams of warm water that can be directed so the beets are washed out of the car and into the hopper, which in this case

_is

essentially an enlargement of the flume.

* Written by R. A. McGinnis.

123