2017 Senior External Examination Modern History

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Planning space

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Note: The spelling of Chinese names may occur in either the older Wade-Giles form or the more recently adopted Pinyin form, e.g. Guangzhou (Canton), depending on the timeframe of the origin of the source. Names like Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) are, however, readily recognisable in either form.

Source A

Long March route, 1934–35

WW Norton & Company

Seen sources (Sources A– M)

Redacted due to copyright restrictions

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Source D

Mao on the peasants and revolution

de Bary, Chan, Watson, eds., 1960, Sources of Chinese Tradition (New York, 1960), page 871

Source E

Excerpts from the Agrarian Reform Law, promulgated by the government of the People’s Republic of China in June 1950.

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/agrarian-reform-law-1950/

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4

Source F

Mao and the five-year plans

http://chineseposters.net/themes/mao-cult.php Redacted due to copyright restrictions

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Source G

The Hundred Flowers Campaign of 1957

Jackson, JM 2004, An Early Spring: Mao Tse-tung, the Chinese Intellectuals and the Hundred Flowers Campaign

Source H

Mao’s People’s Communes policy, 1961

Valtman, E 1961, By Government degree every member of the commune is entitled to a private lot. Published in The Hartford Times, March 9, 1961.

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6

Source I

The Cultural Revolution

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/red-guards-shock-force-1966/

Source J

Mao’s contribution

From a 1946 interview between Shaoqi, L (Head of State, 1959–1968) and Strong, AL in Morcombe, M & Fielding, M 1999, The Spirit of Change:

China in Revolution

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Source K

Official view of Mao, post-Cultural Revolution

The Central People’s Government of The People’s Republic of China, 1978

Source L

Has the Chinese Communist Party transformed itself since 1978?

Hawkes, S 2011, Has the Chinese Communist Party transformed itself since 1978?

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8

Source M The cult of Mao

The Guardian (UK newspaper), 7 March 2001

End of Seen sources

Cult of the chairman

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Source 1

Mao Zedong on the peasant revolution in Hunan (1927)

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/mao-zedong-peasant-revolution-in-hunan-1927/

Source 2

Nationalism in China: Two historians’ views

Pei, M and Kang, L in Bajoria, J 2008, Nationalism in China

Source 3

Communism and patriotism

Chen, Z 2005, ‘Nationalism, Internationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy’, Journal of Contemporary China

Unseen sources (Sources 1–10)

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10

Source 4

Mao Zedong on the Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party

Zedong, The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party, Selected Works, Vol. II

Source 5

Hundred Flowers Campaign

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/lu-dingyi-hundred-flowers-1956/

Source 6

Mao’s Great Leap to Famine

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/opinion/16iht-eddikotter16.html?_r=0 Redacted due to copyright restrictions

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Source 7

Chairman Mao teaches us: It is up to us to organise the people, 1967

Chairman Mao teaches us: It is up to us to organise the people. As for the reactionaries in China, it is up to us to organise the people to overthrow them. Revolutionary rebel factions unite to wage the Proletarian Cultural Revolution to the end!

http://chineseposters.net/posters/pc-196b-002.php Redacted due to copyright restrictions

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Source 8

Long live great Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought

During the cultural revolution, the representation of Marx played a great role in the attempts to position Mao Zedong as the last living — and therefore most relevant — contributor to Marxism.

http://chineseposters.net/themes/marx.php Redacted due to copyright restrictions

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Source 9

The effect of Mao’s policies

The Courier-Mail, 19 July 1994

Source 10

Mao’s Legacy

‘Who Was Mao Zedong?’ by Roderick MacFarquhar October 25, 2012

This article was first published in the October 25, 2012 issue of The New York Review of Books. http://www.chinafile.com/library/nyrb-china- archive/who-was-mao-zedong#sthash.IxHg3CDG.dpuf

Mao policies killed 80 million: report

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Acknowledgments Seen sources Source A

WW Norton & Company, n.d., ‘The Long March, 1934-1935’, accessed 10 March 2009,

www.wwnorton.com/college/history/worlds-together-worlds-apart3/imaps/ch20/20_05/map.htm.

Source B

Mao Zedong 1950, On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship, Foreign Language Press, Beijing, China. Australian Associated Press (AAP), Sydney, NSW.

Source C

Bianco, L and Bell, M (trans) 1971, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915–1949, Stanford University Press, California, USA.

Source D

de Bary, Chan, Watson, eds., 1960, Sources of Chinese Tradition (New York, 1960), page 871.

Source E

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/agrarian-reform-law-1950.

Source F

http://chineseposters.net/themes/mao-cult.php.

Source G

Jackson, JM 2004, An Early Spring: Mao Tse-tung, the Chinese Intellectuals and the Hundred Flowers Campaign, http://filebox.vt.edu.

Source H

Valtman, E 1961, By Government degree every member of the commune is entitled to a private lot, https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/valtman/presentation.html, accessed 31 August 2017.

Source I

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/red-guards-shock-force-1966/

Source J

From a 1946 interview between Shaoqi, L (Head of State, 1959–1968) and Strong, AL in Morcombe, M & Fielding, M 1999, The Spirit of Change: China in Revolution

Source K

The Central People’s Government of The People’s Republic of China, History, China Factfile, http://

english.gov.cn.

Source L

Hawkes, S 2011, www.e-ir.info/2011/08/28/has-the-chinese-communist-party-transformed-itself- since-1978, accessed 3 April 2014.

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Source M

Burama, I 2001, ‘Cult of the chairman’, The Guardian, 7 March, accessed 25 August 2011, www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/mar/07/china.features11.

Unseen sources Source 1

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/mao-zedong-peasant-revolution-in-hunan-1927.

Source 2

Pei, M and Kang, L in Bajoria, J 2008, Nationalism in China.

Source 3

Chen, Z 2005, ‘Nationalism, Internationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy’, Journal of Contemporary China, www.cewp.fudan.edu.cn, accessed 14 April 2015.

Source 4

Zedong, M 1939, The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party, Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung; Vol. II, excerpt, accessed 25 August 2011, Marxists Internet Archive,

www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_23.htm.

Source 5

http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/lu-dingyi-hundred-flowers-1956.

Source 6

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/opinion/16iht-eddikotter16.html?_r=0 Source 7

Landsberger, SR and the International Institute of Social History, The Netherlands, political poster, http://chineseposters.net/posters/pc-196b-002.php.

Source 8

Landsberger, SR and the International Institute of Social History, The Netherlands, political poster, http://chineseposters.net/themes/marx.php.

Source 9

The Courier-Mail, 19 July 1994, ‘Mao policies killed 80 million: report’, in B Hoepper,

D Henderson, I Gray et al, Inquiry 1: A Source-based Approach to Modern History, John Wiley, Brisbane.

Source 10

This article was first published in the October 25, 2012 issue of The New York Review of Books.

http://www.chinafile.com/library/nyrb-china-archive/who-was-mao-zedong#sthash.IxHg3CDG.dpuf.

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