GBRMPA ELibrary: COT Newsletter No. 03

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EDITORIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY

-PASSING THE BUCK

AND MAKING IT?

A large number of

words were spoken at

the desper resorts. deal with to provide summer about helping to plagues were by particular and prepared meeting last facing the plagues faced responsible for have help COT busters who was the COT The Resorts ate to fa sigh no COT buck. breathed a that had earn a off to the resorts their problem, and went was not cilities. However, felt it of relief,

Is there any justification

for this

attitude and it? what is if so

RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT

Until recently

the attitude in

both the world was individual both the developed, taxes - developing, and that paying and this prob In the aware environ pressure, and cope with the environment 'buck' of and public to Government. Population derived environmental passed the more limited concern, about Governments could well developed. Corporate - mental responsibility past most responsibility. other human lems, were ness, and was less As the environmental situation

deteriorates to respond Government has

more eff

ec The seek assis problem for has to the Maldives. serious logistical let alone is a other sources. any country, tively. This tance from Government, therefore, LOGISTICAL LIMITATIONS

The capacity of the

Maldives Government to environmental to respond

problems is up the time. Building at this very small

infra issues, had a major logis provideadvice problems.is a country which research environmental for a environment, and structure to monitor the on environmental tics problem popu in 1985*. was over 180,000 people this population of just over lation of Only 43%

19 secon Govern 1324) were in 4 (1 in completed a and 3 had not 136 Maldivians years old. University Graduates ment employees dary education.

With this background Government

has

made training in Environmental

Sciences a country where in a a priority priority ...

im about upgrading improving major con infant mor and 1988), are also is sending in care, reducing high health per 1000 proving nutrition, tality (48 primary educational facilities, cerns. Government

6 Environmental related to do people abroad degrees.

So these 6 people, when

they graduate,

and their advice let will have who remain, provide managerial it out. out to those colleagues work cut alone carry RESPONSIBILITY OF

THE PRIVATE SECTOR

It is quite clear, against this

background, that provide a only Government can

managerial any environmental response to

problems cannot actually arise. They that may

deal In this problems themselves. with the

c.ase Businesses, particularly Private Sector

the individ to:- a long-term to accept group responsibility Resorts, need ual, and

1 Report their

environmental con Government so cerns to that Gov best mana provide the ernment can gerial advice.

2 Provide support and

encouragement staff to Government

so the

staff motivated. become better

3 Respond to the

managerial advice Government. given by If these responsibilities are

not taken

on by must take future environ this sector for any sector then the blame the private part of mental deterioration.

Clearly the Governmentcannot

give appro advice without priate environmental

a good the environmental understanding of

proc fragile eco The logistical maintain the the Maldives. shape and esses that system of prob a need fragile in obtain of the point to Private Sector from the Government faces better understanding lems that for support ing a

*Since then the population has grown

by 19% supplied by (1990census). All Environment. on figures 214,000 people Planning and tojust over information based Ministry of

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Maldivian ecosystem.

SAMPLING REEF FISH LANDINGS

One example of the

support that can be

given sent a reef-fish landings. reef fish resorts were sample their of 64 in sampling February, to is assistance The managers request, in landings.

The justification for the

request was that

''.An state of of the marine environ of the an assessment the state assessment of ment in.eludes

the fish are not that reef catch composi and reef fisheries This requires sampled analysed. If landings are reef fisheries. tion is re Even resort longer may deterio are no imported from the Maldives. ^ey reef fishermen, th be for resorts. ^ey th adversely effect have to holiday in of food livelihood of at which will of a monitored then will then a source a point to the quality searched and rate useful as more food overseas. This profitahility, the and

"

Only six resorts have

so far responded to

this request.

What does, such a

poor response mean and

is com The replies, certainly welcome the Resorts. We would this from it justified? ments on

if interesting material provide some next newsletter! any, will for the

NEWS ABOUT FILMING BY

WIF

The team that went

to Colombo

to produce introduction to COT series 30 second in the for the edited tape all programs has

now done and has been first edit returned. A

this nego catchy and WIF is for producing ComposingGroup, produce a as a basis the series. tune. Atoll', to the Maldivian being used music for material is the theme tiating with 'Zero Degree effective theme COT filming is still

continuing. Our

team was to with some the famous underwater and the The aim divers including Nakatchafushi Resort visited local Maldivian shark-feeding Bandaye, photographer Mustag.

get more of COT hope to get some reef and workers. We again and COT infested by resort a dead footage of being collected visitNakatchafushi footage.

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WIF also received a call

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Hithi Resorts') letting 'News from Resort (see

us until the area. We in the month. underwater filming COT sightings the fasting know about have delayed end of We hope to finish editing the

first episode

of gone month. the equipment of this the end room and airconditioner has the heat! series by the editing the COT Unfortunately the wrong in can't stand We have some good news.

Our Secretary Fjortoft from Arne General, Mr

Norway, has prom work with to Maldives, Consultant to recent visit send a ised to during his

pro we hope this expertise ductions. With

the better! be even series will COT film

NEWS FROM LOCAL .ISLANDS

Most local islands have

responded to

a radio report on affected by a status reefs are message requesting whether their

COT. any change reports of no There were

in questionnaires the last last August. COT since status of were returned

NEWS FROM RESORTS

NAKATCHAFUSHI

Representatives from WIF and

MRS visited March. We the 19th Nakatchafushi on

are the Resort for to the us. extremely grateful hospitality shown

Most of the house reef has

been killed-offby are covered dead corals COT. The

in algae

but reef to film series. The a graveyard-like beautiful when week later the reef COT TV returned a for the been extremely whole giving are still feeling. WIF these scenes must have it sign coral COT for any the first (see 'The which is no evidence reef recovery the reef of There was was alive. settlement on and stage cycle' later).

6 adult COT were

collected in a forty

minute the morning face in the reef dive on

and 8 top on Resort staff forty minute in a the reef the afternoon. COT from were observed snorkel in adult COT collected 80 reef face

the 7,000 just over and collected 19th March

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EDITORIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY - PASSING THE BUCK AND MAKING

IT?

A large number of words were spoken at the COT busters meeting last summer about who was responsible for helping to deal with the COT plagues faced by particular resorts.

The Resorts facing the plagues were desper

ate to have help and prepared to provide fa

cilities. However, the resorts that had no COT felt it was not their problem, breathed a sigh of relief, and went off to earn a buck.

Is there any justification for this attitude and if so what is it?

RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT Until recently the attitude in both the developing, and the developed, world was that paying taxes - both individual and Corporate - passed the 'buck' of environ

mental responsibility to Government. In the past most Governments could cope with this responsibility. Population pressure, and other human derived environmental prob

lems, were more limited and public aware

ness, and concern, about the environment was less well developed.

As the environmental situation deteriorates Government has to respond more eff ec

tively. This is a serious logistical problem for any country, let alone the Maldives. The Government, therefore, has to seek assis

tance from other sources.

LOGISTICAL LIMITATIONS The capacity of the Maldives Government to respond to environmental problems is very small at this time. Building up the infra

structure to research environmental issues, monitor the environment, and provide advice on environmental problems.is a major logis

tics problem for a country which had a popu

lation of just over 180,000 people in 1985*.

Only 43% of this population was over 19 years old. 136 Maldivians (1 in 1324) were University Graduates and 3 in 4 Govern

ment employees had not completed a secon

dary education.

With this background Government has

made training in Environmental Sciences a priority ... a priority in a country where im

proving nutrition, reducing high infant mor

tality (48 per 1000 in 1988), improving

primary health care, and upgrading

educational facilities, are also major con

cerns. Government is sending about 6 people abroad to do Environmental related degrees.

So these 6 people, when they graduate, and

those colleagues who remain, will have their work cut out to provide managerial advice let

alone carry it out.

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR

It is quite clear, against this background, that

Government can only provide a managerial

response to any environmental problems that may arise. They cannot actually deal with the problems themselves. In this c.ase Private Sector Businesses, particularly the Resorts, need to accept a long-term individ

ual, and group responsibility to:-

1 Report their environmental con

cerns to Government so that Gov

ernment can provide the best mana

gerial advice.

2 Provide support and encouragement to Government staff so the staff become better motivated.

3 Respond to the managerial advice given by Government.

If these responsibilities are not taken on by the private sector then this sector must take part of the blame for any future environ

mental deterioration.

Clearly the Government cannot give appro

priate environmental advice without a good understanding of the environmental proc

esses that shape and maintain the fragile eco

system of the Maldives. The logistical prob

lems that Government faces point to a need for support from the Private Sector in obtain

ing a better understanding of the fragile

*Since then the population has grown by 19%

tojust over 214,000 people (1990census). All information based on figures supplied by Ministry of Planning and Environment.

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Maldivian ecosystem.

SAMPLING REEF FISH LANDINGS One example of the support that can be given is assistance in sampling reef fish landings.

The managers of 64 resorts were sent a request, in February, to sample their reef-fish landings.

The justification for the request was that ''.An

assessment of the state of the marine environ

ment in.eludes an assessment of the state of the reef fisheries. This requires that reef fish

landings are sampled and catch composi

tion is analysed. If reef fisheries are not re

searched and monitored then they may deterio

rate to a point at which they are no longer

useful as a source of food for resorts. Even

more food will then have to be imported from

overseas. This will adversely effect resort profitahility, the livelihood of reef fishermen,

and the quality of a holiday in the Maldives. "

Only six resorts have so far responded to this request.

What does, such a poor response mean and is it justified? We would certainly welcome com

ments on this from the Resorts. The replies, if any, will provide some interesting material for the next newsletter!

NEWS ABOUT FILMING BY WIF

The team that went to Colombo to produce edited tape for the 30 second introduction to all programs in the COT series has now returned. A first edit has been done and this material is being used as a basis for producing the theme music for the series. WIF is nego

tiating with the Maldivian ComposingGroup, 'Zero Degree Atoll', to produce a catchy and effective theme tune.

COT filming is still continuing. Our team visited Nakatchafushi Resort with some local Maldivian divers including the famous shark-feeding Bandaye, and the underwater photographer Mustag. The aim was to get footage of a dead COT infested reef and of COT being collected by resort workers. We hope to visit Nakatchafushi again and get some more footage.

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WIF also received a call from Bodu Hithi Resort (see 'News from Resorts') letting us know about COT sightings in the area. We have delayed underwater filming until the end of the fasting month.

We hope to finish editing the first episode of the COT series by the end of this month.

Unfortunately the airconditioner has gone wrong in the editing room and the equipment can't stand the heat!

We have some good news. Our Secretary General, Mr Arne Fjortoft from Norway, during his recent visit to Maldives, has prom

ised to send a Consultant to work with pro

ductions. With this expertise we hope the COT film series will be even better!

NEWS FROM LOCAL .ISLANDS

Most local islands have responded to a radio message requesting a status report on whether their reefs are affected by COT.

There were no reports of any change in status of COT since the last questionnaires were returned last August.

NEWS FROM RESORTS

NAKATCHAFUSHI

Representatives from WIF and MRS visited Nakatchafushi on the 19th March. We are extremely grateful to the Resort for the hospitality shown us.

Most of the house reef has been killed-offby COT. The dead corals are covered in algae but are still whole giving the reef a graveyard-like feeling. WIF returned a week later to film these scenes for the COT TV series. The reef must have been extremely beautiful when it was alive. There was no evidence for any coral settlement on the reef which is the first sign and stage of reef recovery (see 'The COT cycle' later).

6 adult COT were collected in a forty minute dive on the reef face in the morning and 8 adult COT were observed in a forty minute reef face snorkel in the afternoon. Resort staff collected 80 COT from the reef top on the 19th March and collected just over 7,000

(3)

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(4)

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