Bulletins 4000 - Agriculture
6-2006
Growing chinese cabbage in Western Australia Growing chinese cabbage in Western Australia
John Burt Dennis Phillips David Gatter
Follow this and additional works at: https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/bulletins
Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Horticulture Commons
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation
Burt, J, Phillips, D, and Gatter, D. (2006), Growing chinese cabbage in Western Australia. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Perth. Bulletin 4673.
This bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the Agriculture at Digital Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins 4000 - by an authorized administrator of Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected].
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