The important difference in the current offering is the greater range of many of the species. The F1 plants were morphologically similar to the wild plant at the juvenile stage, but more similar to the sugar beet plant at the end of the vegetative cycle. Another example: Old de mey e r (42) paired species of the Section Patellares with certain species of the Section Vulgares, especially B.
T he authors also reported that the attempts to obtain hybrids of sugar beet with plants of the Section Corollinae were unsuccessful. T h e a u t h o r s showed that using a m p l e hybrid, resistance to the sugar beet n e m a t o d e as contributed by any of the species of the Section Patellares is a do m i n a n t character. T h e p r o g e n y of the backcross was very similar to that of the wild p a r e n t h a n the sugar beet and easily separated into m o n o c a r p fruits.
Savitsky (58) did not rely on the grafting technique, but used many of the section's plants.
Evaluation of Conservation Tillage Effectiveness on Sugarbeet Fields in
The research shows that tillage with rotating strips can reduce wind erosion and protect sugar beet seedlings. Rotary tillage, a no-till practice adapted to commercial sugar beet production in northern Colorado, was evaluated in 1973 for its effectiveness in reducing wind erosion and associated damage to sugar beets in the seedling crop. phase. Two variables necessary to solve the wind erosion equation, the surface soil fractions greater than 0.84 mm in diameter and the amount and type of surface vegetation, were measured on seven commercial sugar beet fields in Yuma County, Colorado and the predicted soil loss due to wind erosion was calculated.
Where there was a vegetative remnant from the previous growing season, significant reductions in potential wind erosion were noted as a result of the surface vegetation following rotary strip cultivation. When sufficient residue is available, rotary strip tillage will hinder sugar beet production on soils considered too susceptible to wind erosion with conventional tillage.
A Weather Index Method and Temperature Distribution Applied to Sugarbeet Yields
An index was calculated by dividing the annual trend by the actual trial averages of the varieties. The variety trial data for the West District were from the Granger-Taylorsville area records of the ARS, USDA field station, now located in Logan, Utah. The use of weather index estimates was to obtain an indication of how much of the yield resulted from the technology and how much from the weather.
The most complete model (all 7 months) yielded significance for May and July at the 1% point a day accounting for 57% of the variability. When only the dates of May and July were in the model, they accounted for 46% of the variability, with significant terms at the 1% point. The effect of correlations between t h e Xi variables also explains part of the fact that the mean yield of the circle and the trial yields of the different varieties differed.
The individual terms of the orthogonal polynomial regression models can help interpret the resulting curves (Table 5). Positive correlation of A2 with the yield would mean that the highest yield is associated with seasons and the lowest t e m p e r a t u r e is in the middle of the season. A3, the cubic term, can be shown to be associated with seasons, with the curve reaching a maximum during the first half of the season and a minimum during the latter half if it is positively correlated with yield.
The amplitude of the maximum and minimum points in the daily difference curve was greater than that of any other measurement. The points in the first and last season are not reliable because they are adjusted by the shape of the fitted curve. Effect of amount and distribution of precipitation and evaporation during the growing season on yields of maize and spring wheat.
Effect of Irrigation Method and Late Season Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentration on
Piper sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) was planted in trial 3 plots by broadcast on July 9 just prior to final cultivation at a rate of 100 lb/A. The time and duration of alternate irrigation and irrigation in each furrow were identical except for the seventh irrigation (Figure 1C). The overall effect of N fertilizer was a significant increase in beet root yield at the two higher N rates compared to the 50-lb/A rate (Fig. 2A).
Sprinkler-irrigated sugar beet consistently produced slightly greater root and sucrose yields at the three lower N levels compared to pre-irrigated ones (Fig. 2B); yet the differences were significant only at the 100-lb/A N rate. Nevertheless, sprinkler-irrigated sugar beet produced an average of 5% more sucrose than pre-irrigated sugar beet at the three lower N levels. Means within a method of irrigation followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
However, furrow irrigated beets receiving 100 lb N/A had a significant mid-season petiole N03-N reduction compared to sprinkler irrigated beets in the same N treatment. Increasing water application for irrigation to flush N03-N from the root zone at the end of the season reduced beet root yield compared to nonirrigated areas at the three lowest levels of applied N0 (Fig. 2C). Petiole analysis showed that available N supply d e c r e a s e d after the heavy water application period u d e r b o t h irrigation m e t h o d (Fig. 4A, B).
As N-fertilizer rates increase, root and sucrose yields increased significantly, but this did not affect sucrose content at both levels of irrigation water (Fig. 5A). Means within irrigation or crop treatment method followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Duncan's multiple range test.). There was no indication that Sudan grass growth had any significant effect on sugar beet N supply (Fig. 4D).
Influence of Nitrogen Placement and Source on Surface Nitrate Accumulation and
When placed underground, nitrogen was applied 4 to 6 inches below the soil surface at the bottom center of the water furrow, Figure 1. Recommended residual (4-foot test) plus fertilizer nitrogen is 200 to 220 lb/acre for beet fields with high production potential in this area. Nearby studies found that the optimal nitrogen fertilizer rate for maximum sugar production was approximately 120 lb/acre both years, compared to the 60 and 180 lb/acre applied in 1973 and 1974, respectively.
Precipitation from the time of nitrogen fertilizer application to harvest was 48 and 130% of normal in 1973 and 1974, respectively, Table 1. Despite significant differences in precipitation, the pattern of nitrate accumulation and removal from the bed surface was similar in the two years. of the study, Figures 1 and 2. However, the surface accumulations were short-lived, and there was never more than 0.5 lb/acre of nitrate nitrogen on the bed surface after August 1st.
The nitrate accumulation point detected on the surface of the bed reached about 11% of the nitrogen applied both years. This is less than expected given that some of the accumulation would represent residual soil nitrate. In Utah (4), surface concentrations were often several hours earlier than those found in subsoil (24-36 inches) and under furrow irrigation conditions later in the growing season.
Intermittent nitrogen feeding effects on growth, sucrose accumulation and leaf development of the sugar beet plant. The source of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on nitrate accumulation in the bed surface under the conditions of this study. Influence of night temperature and nitrogen nutrition on the growth, sucrose accumulation and leaf minerals of sugar beet plants.
The Spectral Photometric Determination of Sucrose in Sugar Beets
It covers the enzyme reaction mechanism, the conditions that affect the reaction rate, the comparison of two enzyme systems, the modification of the clinical procedure and the precision and accuracy of the method. The basic reaction mechanism consists of the hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase to glucose and fructose. The error due to PGI contamination is minimal (0.003% of hexokinase activity), but can be completely eliminated by adding enough PGI to the system to isomerize all of the fructose-6-phosphate.
This is due to the inhibition of the reaction products; as they gradually accumulate, they cause a slowing of the response. First, the stoichiometric ratio of sucrose to NADPH produced is doubled, resulting in better accuracy due to the increased molar absorptive capacity of sucrose. The fructose cleaved from raffinose was accurately calculated under the conditions of the procedure described under “Experimental Procedure” and using the hexokinase-PGI-G-6-PDH system.
From this study we know that any raffinose will increase the sucrose reading by 34% of the raffinose amount using the hex-PGI-G-6-PDH system. In the course of refining the analytical t e c h n i q u e , it was found that the various- increased the activity of enzymes or coenzymes. Pipette two 25 ml aliquots of the stock sample solution into two 100 ml volumetric flasks.
The procedure is repeated with the non-inverted reference solution instead of the inverted sample solution. Then add 20 µl of the enzyme working solution to both sample and reference test tubes. The data from Table 2 indicate that of the two enzyme systems the hexokinase-PGI-G-6-PDH system is slightly more precise and that a relative standard deviation of ±0.54% can be expected.
Evaluation of the Sugar Beet According to its Technical Quality 1
In extracts, especially lead acetate extracts, various beet non-sugars are determined with a fully automatic analytical apparatus (28, 35). 61), Andrlik (2) and Krtiger (37) emphasize the special importance of ash and amino-N (the so-called harmful amino nitrogen) content of beets for quality assessment. The main dependent variables of these equations are sucrose content of beets and QD.
The concentrated juice purity QD which is further required for the calculation of the white sugar yield is measured directly in the concentrated juice produced during the process, and the losses are assumed to be LB = 0.9% of the beet. According to Silin (55), the molasses purity QM itself can also be calculated from the ash and non-sugar content of the thick juice. It is As a paper by Cecil (17) indicates, an analogous relationship applies to the amount of molasses produced (M) if the sucrose content of the molasses is assumed to be 50%.
The authors found a high degree of correlation between the various non-sugars of the berry extracts and the measured purity of the purified juices. The constant factors of this equation serve to convert to the actually existing alkali compounds and Amino-N compounds, respectively, of the thin liquid.). Sugar in molasses predicted from different individual sugars of aqueous extracts of beet pulp.
In a systematic review of the existing literature, the author presents the criteria that are actually used to determine the technological quality of sugar beet in different countries. In this regard, a fundamental distinction must be made between quality assessments from aqueous extracts and from purified beet juices. In order to assess the quality of beets from purified juices, an evaluation criterion from the literature, called the KWS quality index, is proposed.
