Modernization amongst peasants : a case study of village life in Bali, Indonesia

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MODERNIZATION AMONGST' PEASANTS.:.

A

^-

CASE STUDY OF

^VILLAGE

. LIFE, IN

BALI

, . ,INDONESIA.

TAURENCE îSfi,ALO

TATTERSALL ß.A.lHoyal

Díp.Ed.

Ttøti,s

,subni.ttød

ín dul{ilnerú.

^o(

nec9unemør*s o,[ llla'ste.n

o( LtU

Department

of

Geography, UniversiÈy

of

Adelaide.

Novenber 1976

CONTENTS

Chapter

T Introduction

Chapter

II

The BIMAS Programme

Studíes

ín Innovation

and

Díffusion

Study Area

Methodology

Límitations of

Data

Farm Pnactices aná LeueLs

of

^Farm fnnouatíueness Farming Calendar

Farmíng Practices

Calculating

^Farm

Innovative

Index

Chapter

III

Soeio-Economie

Characterístics

Age

of

^Farm Operators Farnily Size

EducaËion

- Literacy

-

^Híghest

Level

EducaÈion Farm Status

Social

SÈatus

Correlation of

Socio-economic

variables with

Innovativeness

Chapter IV Leadership

Introductíon

Tradítíonal Village

Leadership

ín Balí

Sub-Village Leader shíp

Agricultural

Leadership

Influence of Traditíonal

Leaders Opíníon Leaders

f'd.td.LLsm

Introduction

Religíous Belíefs

and Fatalísm

ín Balí

Measuring Fatalism

Page

1 7

11

13 18

19 22 29

44 44 47

4B 35 37 39

52 54 56 58 50 63

Chapter V

74 77 86

Page

Chapter VI

Chapter

VII

Cor¡rnunieation

Chapter

VIII

ConeLusions

Correl-ation

of

Fatalfsm

with

Other Soclo-economíc Varlables

Eeonomie VayiabLes arñ. Modem.ízation

Introductíon

Aspects

of

^{Farm Economy}

Farm ReceipÈs and Expenditure Cost

of Living

Farm

Profitabílity

Introduction

Types

of

Communication ExtensÍon !'Iorker Contact

Cournunicat.fon

Patterns in Bali

Establ-ishlng

a

Communícatíons Index Communícations and Innovativeness

91

96 99 103 108

tL4

125 t27

130 133

r42

148

151

Table I II ITÏ

IV

V

VI

VII VIII

IX

X

XI

XII XIII

XIV

XV

XVI XVII

XVIII

LIST OF TABLES

Rainfall

Data

Summary

of Literature

Size

of

^Sample

Farm Innovativeness Index Farm

Practíce

^Score

Farm

Practice AttiËude

^Score

Age

of

Farm Operators Age/Sex

Distribution

Age StrucËure

of

^Total-

Village

Population Síze

of

Faurily

Size

of

^Household

Literacy Level of

^Farm Operators

HíghesË Educational

Level of

Farm Households

Present School ^Numbers

Educational

Level of

^Farmers

Farm SËatus

Social

Status Index

Pearson Zero Oxde

Correlation of

Socio economic Variables

Influence of Traditional

^Leaders Opiníon Leadership Score

Pearson

Correlatíon of

Leadershíp Score wiÈh Other Modernization Variab les

Variation of

Opinion Leadership Score from

Village

Mean

Summary

of

Fatalísm Score

Pearson

Correlatíon of

FaÈalísm wiËh Other Moderníza-

tion

Variables

Average Farm Size

-

^Capital Average Value

of

Farm Livestock Average Value

of Fruit

^Trees

Farm ReceípÈs Farm Expenditure Cost

of Living

Farm

Profítability

Relatíonship Between Farm

Profitabí1ity

and Other Economic Varíables

XIX

XX

XXI XXIa XXII XXTII

XXIV

XXV

XXVI

XVII XXVIII

XXIX XXX XXXI

Table

XXXII XXXIII

XXXIV

Yields

Per Ara Labour

Efficiency

Correlatíon of

Economíc Farm

Varíables

and Farm

Innovatíveness Mass Media Exposure

Localized Cosmopoliteness Reasons

for

Travel

IndicaÈes Frequency

of

Contact

with

ExÈension l{orker

Indicates Desire to

Meet Ext.ensíon tr{orker

Indicates

Usefulness

of

Ideas

of

ExÈension Ïüorkers Level

of Information Indicated

by Responses

Level of Informatíon

Score Empathy Score

CommunícaËion Index

Dimensions

of

Communícation

Contribution to Total

Variance

of

Farm Innovativeness

Inter Correlatíon of

Socío-economic Varíables

LIST OF MAPS

Bali

XXXV

XXXVI

XÐWII XXXVIII XXXIX XL

XLI XLII XLITI XLIV XLV XLVI

XLVII

Map ¹

\Lap 2

Map 3

Location Desa

Kapal -

Desa

Kapal -

Administratíve Divísion

Land Use PaËterns