Now I would like to briefly pose the question: What are the lessons of the Congress? Furthermore, with the increase in emissions of other pollutants into the atmosphere, the concentration of ozone (03) in the lower atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere has also increased. Melting of major ice sheets, on the other hand, is not expected during the next century.
EXCERPTS FROM THE VILLACH CONFERENCE
Accordingly, the cautiously worded report of the conference concludes that we can expect significant climate change due to human activities in the first half of the next century.
CONFERENCES AND COURSES
Until the transition to natural gas, the Pinjarra refinery, with an annual production of 11,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, was the only source of sulfur dioxide emissions in a partially cleaned rural environment. Until the switch to natural gas in 1985, the burning of fuel oil at the refinery plant was the only sulfur dioxide emission in this rural environment. The annual production of sulfur dioxide was 11,000 tons.
AN ASSESSMENT OF LOW LEVEL SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Sulfur dioxide monitoring Monitoring of sulfur dioxide in the environment was carried out at three locations: one on the Darling Scarp, one in the Pinjarra Municipality and one within the Pinjarra Refinery. Sulfur dioxide sampling was also conducted within the refinery at various distances and directions from the emission source during visible plume inversion conditions. Within the refinery, installations adjacent to the emission source were examined for damage by sulfur dioxide.
However, an average sulfur dioxide level of 11.7.00 was recorded at another location in the refinery during one 60 second sampling period. No visible evidence of sulfur dioxide toxicity was found in any of the above communities. The intermittently high levels of ambient sulfur dioxide recorded during random sampling and the otherwise good health of the vegetation around the refinery seem to confirm this.
The lack of damage attributable to sulfur dioxide in most of the local native species within the refinery can be attributed to low growth rates, relatively impermeable leaf surfaces, low moisture content and low gas exchange. In the immediate vicinity of the emission source, evidence of sulfur dioxide exposure was observed on some plants introduced for landscaping purposes.
THOMAS FOR TIMERS
Interactions of S 02 concentration and post-fumigation temperature on growth (in five species of woody plants). Symptomology and relative sensitivity of various ornamental plants to acute exposure to atmospheric sulfur dioxide. An assessment of low sulfur dioxide emissions from an alumina refinery in southwestern Australia: II Overview of lichens.
We specialize in the design and application of Timing and Control Systems and carry a range of timers
REVERSE PULSE JET REVERSE AIR AND
SHAKER DUST COLLECTORS AND
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
Thomas Electronics Pty. Ltd
THE EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN THE
LOSS OF AMENITY
When assessing attitudes towards the quality of the environment, eleven factors were proposed (see Questions 11 and 12 in the survey in the Appendix). An increase in the sample size allows much more reliable statistical differences to be obtained. This can be achieved by. The latter data are derived from a set of monitors which are felt to be reasonably representative of levels experienced at the time of the survey.
For each of the five surveyed locations in the mining region, the degree of disturbance and visibility of trucks is related. Approximate figures for heavy vehicle traffic were explored and no systematic differences in attitudes or perceptions regarding the volume of trucks were seen. One of the key objectives of the survey was to find out what was most on the minds of the respondents. In general, in the absence of direct mining impacts, people enjoy the 'good environment' of the region.
Impacts caused by environmental problems experienced by residents of the region are primarily assessed as having a nuisance value, such as being a nuisance or a certain degree of nuisance. The level of complaints seems to be disproportionately low in relation to the stated degree of the environmental problems experienced. It is important to obtain a satisfactory measure of the levels of suspended particles in areas.
R6) Simultaneous monitoring of the sulfur dioxide peak in the Upper Hunter region is desirable during part of the extensive study period recommended in (R4) for the calibration of a pollution capture model.
Martin Smith is a Principal Scientist in the Atmospheric Science Group in the CSIRO Division of Fossi. The [O3] / [PAN] values are within the range of those recorded at a number of locations in the United States. During the monitoring period, an extraordinary event was observed, where unusually high PAN concentrations (max. 42 ppb) were recorded unusually early in the day, namely between 0730 and 1100.
The measurements were carried out in the Parramatta River valley at the monitoring site at Rozelle Hospital, operated by the New South Wales State Pollution Control Commission (SPCC), where other smog parameters,. In the range 0-15 ppb, a plot of [PAN] versus peak area was found to be a straight line passing through the origin. It was assumed that the linearity of the plot could be extended to the higher concentrations observed during field measurements (see below). The apparent decrease in the [03]/in PAN] ratio at higher PAN concentrations is consistent with observations made at a number of sites in the United States.
We can see that Sydney's values fall within the range of those found in the US. The occurrence of such a high PAN concentration so early in the morning, when the 03 concentration was not extremely high (although it was the highest current value recorded at the monitoring site this summer), suggests that this may have been caused by the local release of some reactive precursor upwind of the monitoring site.
OBITUARY
BOOK REVIEWS
Guidelines published by the Association of German Engineers (VDI) Commission on Air Pollution Prevention (VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft) and form part of Volume 3 of the VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft. Each guideline has parallel German and English texts, of which the German text is stated to be the authoritative version; in general the translation from German into English has been very efficiently done, but there are one or two cases where reference to the German text is necessary to clarify the English. The publication on bioscrubbers, unlike cement, is largely concerned with more fundamental aspects of the processes involved. Initially, concepts important in odor control and biological treatment are defined, followed by the basic principles of relevant unit operations such as absorption. and biological wastewater treatment are described. Principles of bioscrubber selection and design are then discussed with particular reference to factors such as materials of construction and avoidance of common operational problems.
However, refinery personnel will undoubtedly find this publication of interest. The publication begins with a discussion of the nature and frequency of tank inflows and outflows and then moves on to the variety of emissions associated with hydrocarbon storage and distribution facility operation. Important methods of limiting emissions are described, with considerable attention to the structure of both fixed and floating roofs. Much space is then devoted to the presentation of equations that can be used to predict hydrocarbon emission factors from tanks during the filling of road tankers and tank cars and from sealing elements.
The publication concludes with a number of worked examples illustrating the application of the above equations, and finally a list of relevant references. Anyone planning air pollution control facilities in one of the three rather limited areas covered by the above guidelines will find the relevant publication an extremely useful source of practical information as well as a good introduction to the (German) literature.
NEW INSTALLATIONS
NEW PRODUCTS
LABORATORY DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM Ecotech reports that they are now offering Interactive Microware products to the Australian and New Zealand markets. Ecotech announces the availability of chromatographic data acquisition and automation products for IBM-PC, XT, AT (and all compatible) microcomputers from Interactive Microware. The IMF package includes menu-driven CHROMATOCHART-PC software, along with the ADALAB-PC data acquisition/control interface card and CHROMADAPT-PC chromatography interface module.
Because CHROMATOCHART-PC allows you to save data acquisition and analysis methods to disk, it is very convenient to repeat an experiment using the same method. Planix 5000, made by Tamaya, Japan, is a development of the popular Planix 7 series digitizing planimeters, with the ability to measure both length and area and display the output on a built-in LCD display. The Planix 5000 features POINT and STREAM modes, which greatly simplify the operation of the instrument.
The operator simply draws the two endpoints of the line and the built-in microprocessor does the rest. The reliability and simplicity of the Planix 5000 is expected to expand the use of planimeters into entirely new areas of measurement and to receive wide acceptance by traditional surveying, scientific, engineering and cartographic users.
OVERSEAS NEWS
After briefly describing the structure of Italy's cement industry and its main technological operations, the report examines the nature, sizes and concentrations of particulate matter in raw effluents, the various filters used in cement works and the standards governing emissions of cement industry in the main industrial countries. Holders of the Presidency of the EEC during the first half of 1986, the Dutch have come up with an imaginative proposal to break the deadlock in the negotiations on the "large combustion plant" project. The nuts and bolts of the proposal are a sophisticated method of allocating overall reduction targets among Member States.
Under the agreement, the US agencies will add SA 19.5 million to a SA 68.3 million research program carried out since 1984 by British Coal and the CEGB at Grimethorpe, northern England, the site of the world's largest fluidized bed combustion plant under pressure (PFBC). ). A bundle of steam-generating tubes, supplied by the Foster-Wheeler Development Corporation, New Jersey, will be part of the U.S. contribution to the program. The framework of the agreement aims at a two-stage reduction of CO, HCs and NOx emissions from small vehicles (less than 1.4 liters).
The duration of the availability of this alternative will be determined in the light of decisions to be taken towards the end of 1987 on the new European test cycle. With fluidized pressure technology at the Grimethorpe facility, the pressure is up to 12 times that of atmosphere - combustion gases can be used to drive a gas turbine, in addition to the conventional steam turbine driven by the water tubes in the fluidized bed. , thereby increasing energy efficiency.
Water, Air, and Soil
Pollution
