Customer uses this case study or any information provided by the Collaborative Research Center for Construction Innovation in connection with the Consulting Services at its own risk. In addition, the CRC for Construction Innovation has developed and is developing a set of tools that can assist government implementation of BIM.
An introduction to BIM
Application of BIM in the Phases of Construction
- Phases of a built asset life cycle
- The utility of BIM in the design phase
- The utility of BIM in the construction phase
- The utility of BIM in the Operations / Maintenance phase
- The utility of BIM in the Decommissioning phase
The 4D model showed all stages of the construction process, including the equipment needed to construct the constructed asset. BIM provides a tool that can keep records of all the updated data of a built asset.
Summary of the implications of BIM for stages of construction
The availability of a BIM can help identify where and how often these materials were used. The next section (Section 2) will address the advantages and opportunities of BIM for government.
Advantages, Enablers and Applications of BIM
Advantages of BIM for government
- Increased utility and speed
- Better data quality
- Visualisation of the data
- Enhanced fault finding (process and product)
- Enhanced collaborations across discipline and organisation
- Summary of BIM advantages
It also increases usability as more features such as safety, sustainability and security become part of the design phase. This easy availability of data will increase the speed with which the built asset can be decommissioned and will also increase the safety of decommissioning. The benefits of the design and construction phase indicate that BIM can reduce the start-up time for a project.
At the end of the built asset's life, the additional speed at which it can be dismantled saves time, money and reduces environmental damage. Additional design, construction and operations information contained in BIM can be used post-construction in the Facility Management (FM) of the constructed asset. This also means that the owner of the built asset can easily change from one facility manager to another, as only the BIM needs to be exchanged.
The 3D visualization of the model as realized by the BIM is an added value for different phases of the life cycle of built assets. Combined, the single BIM file, with the underlying, continuously updated database containing parametric consistency, and the 3D and 4D visualizations, BIM makes it possible to significantly reduce the potential for errors in the design and construction phases of the built asset structure to decrease. BIM can perform these functions at multiple stages of the construction process and across disciplines and organizations.
Enablers of BIM
- Increase in computer technology and IT infrastructure
- The International Alliance for Interoperability
- Increasing World Wide Support for BIM
After reviewing the benefits of BIM throughout the project life cycle, it is appropriate to highlight some of the factors that are enabling the growth and adoption of the technology. In the government's built asset management sector, BIM can improve facility management for government. Effectively, the historical inefficiencies of the built asset process have led the industry to look at a new approach to the built asset process.
When all sectors of the construction industry adopt IFCs as a standard protocol, data sharing as required by BIM becomes increasingly easier and barriers due to incompatibility of standards and protocols are reduced. Moore (1999) provides a useful insight into this by stating that there is a gap between the early adopters of a new technology and the adoption by the majority of the industry. Increasing customer demand for the benefits BIM offers is a catalyst for the adoption of the technology by most of the AEC/FM industry, and government is a key customer for that sector.
For this to happen, governments should be convinced of the benefits of BIM and ensure that all risks have been satisfactorily addressed. Appendix B lists a number of tools developed by the CRC for construction innovation in BIM. For its part, government can facilitate the adoption of BIM by using BIM in various demonstration projects and support the development and adoption of interoperability standards, which are necessary precursors to the widespread use of the technology.
Disadvantages and barriers to implementing BIM
Disadvantages of BIM for AEC/FM industry
- A single detailed model
- Interoperability
- Added work for the designer
- The size and complexity of BIM
- Trade Practices Implications
- Summary of BIM disadvantages
- Addressing the disadvantages
Barriers to BIM
- Raft of legal issues – IP, liability and risk, contractual forms
- Authenticity of content authors
- Costs 26
- Skill issues 28
In the very traditional building asset industry, consisting of the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC/FM industry), new technologies are not easily introduced. In this section, an overview will be given of the obstacles to the implementation of BIM. One of the consequences of this challenge is the fact that BIM operates on a large shared database.
The main issue to consider when assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each [project database] is the privacy of the information and the level of trust placed in the database administrator. One designer described that the virtual model becomes part of the contract document” (Taylor and Levitt 2007). Given that 93% of the construction industry is made up of SMEs (Londen and Bavinton 2006), this is a significant area that needs to be addressed before widespread adoption of BIM technology is likely to occur.
Next to this is the notion that most of the software used in the AEC/FM industry have a common characteristic. Proper use of these programs requires "sophisticated application knowledge and expertise in the relevant industry discipline" (Bazjanac 2004). Matters relating to; IP, liability, risks and contracts As the designer is responsible for creating the.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations
The government, as an important client of construction, has been called upon to be an early adopter of the technology (Kiviniemi et al. 2008). It is therefore recommended that several small and a few larger pilot projects be undertaken first, in order to evaluate the benefits of the technology, and to work through the many issues raised in this paper. In this regard, it is important to note that the Office of the Chief Architect of the General Services Administration (GSA) in the United States of America has now mandated that BIM models be provided on all future GSA construction projects (Dakan 2006). .
However, it is unlikely that the government will mandate BIM, due to provisions in the Trade Practices Act, which would prohibit any action that could stop trade – including restricting supply to those organizations that have access to BIM technology. assigned. The CRC for Construction Innovation has completed a BIM use case study on the Sydney Opera House, which was a significant success. See Appendix A for a brief summary of these and other projects (such as those conducted by GSA) and a review of case studies.
An existing building that does not use BIM, but create an FM-enabled BIM to help operate and manage the building. Such a large adoption program can also facilitate the development of industry capacity by providing an ongoing program of work. Given the many barriers identified above, a concurrent review of the inter-organisational, legal, public policy and financial issues inhibiting BIM implementation is also required.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
However, there are significant barriers and costs that need to be addressed in order for these benefits to be realized on a large scale. Furthermore, these pilots can be conducted in different jurisdictions and for different clients, as such variables are likely to provide valuable lessons that have buy-in in wider contexts. Such a decision was not made on an ad hoc basis, but appears to have followed a period of testing the technology in a series of pilot projects (Kam 2008).
It would therefore be ideal if at least one, but preferably more, of these pilots were applied to new construction projects, from the design phase to the final delivery of the built real estate object to the owner, up to the facility management phase. of the built property. By implementing BIM across multiple locations, a number of buildings can be compared with each other.
Appendix A – Applications of BIM – examples
Application of BIM
- Applications of BIM in the past and present
Given the high visibility and aggressive schedule associated with such a large, complex project, SOM's commitment to a full BIM approach to the project is both a bold effort and the only realistic way to deliver on the unique requirements of this project. The work done by Pennsylvania State University has had a major influence on later work on formalized modeling technology. They essentially used BIM as a design process model, intended to serve as a framework for describing information in the creation and modeling of the model.
Queensland State Archives, Runcorn This is a pilot project carried out by the Department of Public Works where a 3D model was developed from 2D drawings and used for the design and construction phase. In 2003, the US General Services Administration, which is responsible for managing all civilian federal public assets in the United States, created its own 3D-4D BIM program, the National BIM Standard. An as-built laser scanned 3D model was compared with the 3D design model based on the architectural, structural and MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) design, which identified a major flaw in a structural wall placement early enough in the project was caught up. to save considerable time and money” (Dakan 2006).
In addition, the GSA initiative led other federal agencies in BIM adoption and had a significant impact on the industry (people, culture, and process), on peer owners, on the attitude toward the open standard, and on the importance of establishing BIM owners and its requirements. US ACE is actively involved in the development of open standards (NBIMS) for several reasons (US ACE 2007). Currently, BIM within the Military Transformation Program is the primary deliverable in US ACE's 'FY08 RFP', a project pre-proposal request.
Appendix B – BIM Software applications developed by the CRC for Construction Innovation
LCADesign 36
Checking the compliance of a particular built asset with the Built asset Code of Australia can be a tedious task for architects and designers. Construction Innovation has developed an advanced computer software tool that allows designs to be automatically checked against the Built Asset Code of Australia. When architects and designers use the Design Check tool together with their BIM, this complex task becomes less error-prone and less time-consuming.
The design control tool uses the IFC information available in BIMs and checks it against the built asset regulations in its own database.
Automated Scheduler
Automated Estimator
