It is an organization of technical workers and others directly interested in the technical aspect of the South African Sugar Industry. An additional source of water for the sugar industry, which is not strictly groundwater, lies in the lower reaches of all the rivers of the region.
AFRICA COVERING THE 1969 — 1970 SEASON
Table 11 shows the change in the varietal scene of the South African cane belt. ONES ("BRIX" IN MIXED JUICE AND IN WEIGHED FINISH MOLASSES, DETERMINED . BY HYDROMETER) Pure Milling Factories.
DISCUSSION
I am now talking about sucrose, brix and non-sucrose balances and the proportion or purity of undetermined losses. For example, Sezela shows a negative loss without sucrose, and Pongola shows an underpurity of losses.
SI UNITS IN THE SUGAR FACTORY*
26 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association — June 1970 The name poiseuille (PI) has been suggested for this. KELVIN: A unit of temperature equal to the fraction 1/273.16 of the temperature of the triple point of water.
CONTAINERISATION
30 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association — June, 1970. carried at rail risk, and that all coastal shipments are separately covered by insurance, the total cost of damage to packaged refined sugar must be enormous. However, it would be sufficient to mention some of the major overseas commitments:. a) Port of London Authority R51.4 million.
THE FACTORY BALANCE
The committee has recently through the S.M.R.I. launched an investigation into the sampling and analysis methods used in all factories. Other matters dealt with by the committee The committee decided to send a questionnaire to other sugar-producing countries with detailed information on.
A FACTORY CHLORIDE BALANCE
- Introduction
- Experimental 1 Chloride Analysis
- Results 1 Example of a Chloride Balance
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
No record was kept of the amount of water added after weighing the mixed liquid. Greater accuracy of chloride analysis can be achieved by using a larger sample weight and/or a reduction in the normality of silver nitrate.
A SOLIDS BALANCE INVESTIGATION
The same problem exists when weighing the juice for analysis of suspended solids, i.e. the difficulty of ensuring an even distribution of insoluble material in the 200 g taken. The complete calculation method is given in Appendix I. The results of this typical example are as follows:.
SYRUP WEIGHING AT EMPANGENI
Over the same period, the difference between the weighed and calculated tonnage of sucrose in syrup was 181 tonnes. The answer may well lie in the destruction of sucrose in the crystallizers themselves, and to a lesser extent in the pans.
DKY SOLIDS, SPINDLE AND REFRACTIVE BRIX DATA
Over much of the season, the difference between refractometer brix and dry solids. For this reason, more knowledge about the determination or meaning of the non-sucrose ratio is important.
SOME IMPRESSIONS OF THE SUGAR INDUSTRIES OF MAURITIUS AND REUNION
Magasiner: I think the main reason for the bagasse surplus is the moisture content of the fuel. Moor: I believe it is a triple reduction gear train where the output shaft is rigidly connected to the top roller square with a flexible turbine input shaft. It is suggested that the expected purity be used for practical purposes in place of the normal molasses formula.
NOTES ON AIR POLLUTION IN THE SUGAR INDUSTRY
The disadvantages of the system appear to be cost (R20,000 to R30,000 for a fully automatic unit for a 40 t/h boiler) and larger internal diameter. The performance of a collector decreases as the density of the particles to be collected decreases. The problem has been analyzed in detail by. the Sugar Research Institute in Mackay, Australia, which.
WATER CONSERVATION IN SUGAR MILLS
This water must be cared for and cared for in the same way as that of a swimming pool. This excess occurs because water from the pans and evaporator tails condenses in the system and evaporates again in the cooling tower. 1 kg of water must be evaporated in the cooling tower because part of the cooling (possibly 20% in this climate) is achieved by conduction to the air drawn through the tower and not by the transfer of latent heat by evaporation.
STAINLESS STEEL IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY
Stainless steel in press/juice extraction Stelex 430 has made a significant contribution to machinery life and reduction of maintenance costs in this part of the mill. It is clear that STELEX 430 has opened up applications for the use of stainless steel in the mill industry that were previously considered far too expensive with the traditional 300 series stainless steel. Stainless steel in the processing operation In contrast to the rapid progress with STELEX 430 in the breaking operation A.I.S.I.
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF CANE PREPARATION, PARTICLE SIZE, DISPLACEABILITY, AND LIQUID
HOLDUP IN FIXED BED DIFFUSERS
Dynamic holdup can be thought of as a measure of the amount of fluid flowing through the bed. The spread is more pronounced in this case, which is not unexpected based on the previous discussion; static retardation is a function of the shape and size of the particles. Values of the constants in this relationship will depend on the method used to characterize particle size.
Preparation of bagasse samples
THE MUTUAL CLARIFICATION PROJECT-PROGRESS REPORT No. 2
There is no correlation between the content of soluble phosphate in clear juice and the amount of inorganic P2O present in the refined sugar. The pHs of the treated juice, clear juice and syrup recorded by various mills are summarized in Table 9. A closer examination of the pH control even in plants which have automatic liming systems would be rewarding.
COMPOSITION OF SOUTH AFRICAN FINAL MOLASSES
The composition of the molasses samples, on a dry solids basis, is shown in Table II. There was a definite seasonal influence on the reducing sugar content as a percentage of the solids (Figure 2). Composition of the inorganic ash of molasses The composition of the ash of the final molasses samples analyzed is shown in table IV.
DRY SOLIDS % SACCHARASE % DRY SOLIDS DISCHARGE SUGAR % DRY SOLIDS kSH % DRY SOLIDS STARCH % DRY SOLIDS 3UMS % DRY SOLIDS WAX % DRY SOLIDS \C. DRY SOLIDS % SACCHARASE % DRY SOLIDS REDUCING SUGAR % DRY SOLIDS Ash % DRY SOLIDS STARCH % DRY SOLIDS GUM % DRY SOLIDS Wax % DRY SOLIDS AC. We wondered what the correlation would be if, instead of actual factory data, random values of purities, reducing sugars/total non-sucrose and sulfated ash/.
FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYMATIC STARCH HYDROLYSIS IN SUGAR SOLUTIONS
- Enzyme Reactions
- Scope of Investigation
- Experimental
- Results
- Discussion
Presumably these differences can be explained in terms of the factors mentioned in (d) to (i) of Section 1. Thus, it appears that the positive slopes of the 60 and 70 brix curves in Figure 1 can be explained in terms of viscosity alone. It appears that part of the starch in industrial sugar solution is not easily attacked by the enzyme.
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS OF ENZYMATIC STARCH HYDROLYSIS
The first peak, which was 30% of the total amount of carbohydrates present in the enzymatic hydrolyzate, has its maximum at fraction 32. The average Mw of polysaccharides in the enzymatic hydrolyzate is therefore < 10,000. The average Mw of these polysaccharides was found to be below 10,000 and represented approximately 30% of the total amount of carbohydrates in the hydrolyzate.
FRACTION NUMBER
Alexander (chairman): Let one of the oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzate cocrystallize with sucrose. Bruijn: Much has been published about the mechanism of amylase attack on starch, but I would have to study this to answer your question. However, this does not mean that the molecular nature of the reaction has changed, only that the availability of active sites has changed.
THE ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERISATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN REFINERY MOLASSES
OH IV 6-kestose
Sections corresponding to the desired carbohydrate spots (ie, pure peak A or B) were cut from the unsprayed portion of the paper and the sugars were eluted with water using the DimlerM method. After settling and compacting by pumping 300 ml of the same solvent through the column at 1.0 ml/min, 5 g of sucrose invertase syrup 21 was taken up in the solvent and applied to the column. Carbon column fractionation of the amylose hydrolyzate gave glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose eluting with water, 5%.
SOME ASPECTS OF FACTORY OPERATION AT THE TONGAAT SUGAR COMPANY FACTORY
A program of work was drawn up and the following points examined:—. a) Effects of temperature and amount of added water and steam on sugar quality and consequently on machine flow. Effects of temperature and amount of added water and steam on molasses purity. The effects of the amount of water on the purity of sugar and the purity of molasses were found to be such that:—. a).
IMBIBITION RE-CYCLING
Won't the baffle plates, four inches apart, reduce the size of the mill by eight inches, with a consequent loss of thrust, though there is a possible gain in ejection. And yet from the tables, recycling appears to have no effect on the bagasse moisture of the other mills. Phipson: I don't know why the moisture in the bagasse of the last unit increased so significantly, seeing as it didn't in the earlier mills.
SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURAL DATA: SUGARCANE CROP 1968/69 AND 1969/70
Eastern Transvaal achieved an exceptionally good yield of 13.3 tonnes of sucrose per hectare under sugar cane during the 1969/70 season, which is more than double the average yield of Zululand, the North Coast or the South Coast. In Zululand only some small declines were recorded, but in the Midlands the average decline was 5.3 to 3.7 tonnes of sucrose per hectare under sugarcane, with a decline recorded in every sub-region. On the south coast, the interior area also showed a drastic decrease from 4.3 to 2.9 tonnes of sucrose per hectare under sugar cane.
OPTIMUM IRRIGATION LEVELS FOR CANE UNDER BURNT AND TRASHED CONDITIONS
5 shows the effect of irrigation on the yield of sucrose in kg per m3 total water. Sucrose % sugarcane was higher in the burned plots than in the trashed plots at all irrigation levels except the driest. The effect of irrigation and waste management on the efficiency of water use is shown in Fig.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PLASTIC PIPING IN LAND DRAINAGE
Savings can be expected to result from the use of plastic pipes in manual installations due to the speed at which the pipes are laid. A trench with a radius of approximately 4.75 m is recommended along which the pipe can be fed to rest on the freshly cut V-base of the trench. The need for manually removing fallen earth from the top of the pipe is avoided by following the trencher with a gravel unit.
STOOL POPULATIONS AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS AT PONGOLA
Sucrose percent cane was much higher at low stool populations in the ratoon crop. In the plant crop, m tonnes of sucrose per hectare increased at a decreasing rate with increasing stool density and decreased at very high stool densities. In the plant crop, the number of harvestable stems per hectare increased at a decreasing rate with increasing stand density.
THE TONGAAT FIELD DIARY - A USEFUL MANAGEMENT TOOL
Some of these standards and the normal limits or range in variability that may occur are shown in Table 1. Analyzing the data from year to year also revealed some interesting facts. Hill: Irrigation is taken into account, but not in the field diary as it would make it too complicated. The information will be stored in the computer so that we can analyze yield factors related to a specific field when necessary.
THE RESULTS OF PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDE SCREENING TRIALS FOR SUGARCANE IN NATAL
The average visual scores for control of the relevant species groups are shown in Table VII. Most of the chemicals performed extremely well, but the product C.P.44939 (an analogue of C.P.50144) was excellent. Rottboellia exaltata was resistant and under control.
A COMPARISON OF METHODS OF PHOSPHATE APPLICATION TO RATOON CANE
Treatment effects on the total P content of leaf samples from the subplots in the crops of the first and second ration. The effect of the treatment on the P% dry weight of the third leaf laminae in the first and second ratoon crops. The effect of treatments on the characteristics of the harvested crop in the first and second ration crops.
Tomato seedlings were then grown in the inter-rows as a catch crop for some of the nematodes. The roots of the plant in the sterilized row grew downward very quickly and branched well. I assumed nematodes were present in the top twelve inches because of the residual reaction we did get.
PERKINSIELLA SACCHARICIDA KIRKALDY (HOM: DELPHACIDAE) AN INSECT PEST OF
SUGARCANE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
It started during the cooler March-April period and reached a very high peak at the end of the third week in May. Oviposition in the back of the midrib occurred frequently and the appearance of this is shown in Fig. showed. Eggs in leaves of parts of the field that were not well burned were taken for observation.
Effect of depth of lime incorporation in the Maputa Series on exchangeable aluminum index (EAI) and root and shoot yield of Trudani. Gypsum decreased EAI and increased pH and exchangeable Ca in topsoil (Figure 2). I am surprised by the high potash content of the Makatini soil and also by the large response to potash in the pot trials.
