The present study was carried with twenty different treatments to evaluate their efficacy in controlling damping-ofT disease caused by Fusarium oxysporium, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp .invitro. The main objective of this study was to find out a suitable and eco-friendly control measure of damping- off disease and their growth contributing characters of selected six winter vegetable seedlings.
Effect of difTerent treatments on seed germination, damping-off disease and growtb characters of potato seedlings
From the experimental findings different treatments showed the remarkable effect against the damping-off pathogen, increased the seed germination and influence the growth characters. In case of seed germination, the highest seed germination at BOAS was recorded on Til (94.33%) followed by
r,
(80.00%) and Tt2 (77.00%) respectively, where the lowest seed germination at l30AS was recorded on T2o(34%).In case of percent damping-off of potato (TPS) seedlings, the highest percent damping-off at 25DAS was observed on T20 (28.67%) followed by TIO (22.00%) which was statistically identical with
T6
(21.33%) andT8
(21.00%), whenever the lowest percent damping-off at 25DAS was observed on Til (2.33%) preceded by TJ(7.00%).In case of growth characters of potato seedlings, the highest seedling height (16.30 em), shoot length (12.65 em), root length (3.65 em), fresh shoot weight (1.22 g), fresh root weight (0.73 g), dry shoot weight (0.084 g), dry root weight (0.009 g) and biomass (1.29 g) were observed on Ttt. The lowest growth characters were observed on T20against these parameters. The present finding were supported previous research report Kavi et al. (2001). Kavi et al. (2001) found that efficacy of Trichoderma vir/de, T.
harzianum,
and T. hamatum as hyperparasites of R. solani was investigated in the laboratory.60
Effect of different treatments on seed germination, damping-off disease and growth characters of chilli seedlings
From the results, different treatments showed the remarkable effect against the damping-off pathogen, increased the seed germination and influence the growth characters. In case of seed germination, the highest seed germination at 13DAS was recorded on Tn (86.67%) followed by T]4 (77.33%) and TI2 (76.00%) respectively, where the lowest seed germination at 13 DAS was recorded on T2o(58.67%).
Incase of percent damping-off of chilli seedlings, the highest percent damping-off at 30 DAS was observed on T20(18.67%) followed by T8(14.67%). whenever the lowest percent damping-off at 30DAS was observed on Tn (2.00%) preceded by TI(4.67%).
In case of growth characters of chili seedlings, the highest seedling beight (21.40 em), shoot length (15.17 em), root length (6.23 em), fresh shoot weight (2.83 g), fresh root weight (.295 g), dry shoot weight (0.817 g), dry root weight (.050 g) and biomass (3.12 g) were observed on T12.The lowest growth characters were observed on T20
against these parameters. The present findings were supported previous research report Faruq and Islam (2007). They stated that the highest seedlings population 78.00% at 12 DAS, 82.67% at 15 DAS, 90.00% at 18 DAS was recorded under the treatment poultry refuse where seed germination was increased 43.57%, 24.63%, and 34.82% over control respectively. Poultry refuse reduced the damping-off incidence by 100% at 20DAS, 94.1% at 25 DAS, 89.46% at 30DAS over control. Seedlings growth characters like shoot length, root length, fresh shoot weight fresh root weight of chilli enhanced by poultry refuse.
Effect of different treatments on seed germination, damping-off disease and growth characters of tomato seedlings
The effect of different treatments showed the remarkable effect against the damping- off pathogen, increased the seed germination and influence the growth characters of tomato seedlings. Incase of seed germination, the highest seed germination at 13DAS was recorded on Tn (92.00%) followed by TI (82.67%) and TI2 (82.00%)
';1
boo ~gB~~ibTt()..
~tJiqmcb
tnuitnniun~~ b~~lno dn!)tnjr.~"ftin9-"t,Ui41o
l?Sna.i
tgf1nrn~z
IUhb 10 .n~h!l!1Rd~dh/Q·.Q":Irtt tj:flit;~il tJ5Tt~ ~ld.f.l.JUHn·J1 'Jrh iJ-;}lIortt! ("":Il:Jirtjf,~l1 Ul~1~nib .diu<51 :1ciJ,
mOl1
rt.tN01.'<J Jfh ~1n..liJrhhbns f(f1l~~Hlirm.,'j b!l~~ :HH~<.n~lonj ,n!J~()fhu,q'i1a-8ff1ql1tsb
I ,
eB'{1 lA<1f.1 .tF. OOi~Gflirrrt~g lJ'!1!1~!~!>rl~ht !.lett .JluiJiurimt'...I'g b:;.;::k1.0 ')G~)Ool .it'T';H?ll1mf:>"
)b •flv-.gniqmbl..l m~:.Jl,q ltl?d;Jirf ~rf" ,e~iliJ~, ...iltlfb:10 n()~&l'JjqmtJb IrtX)'!1q 1:<) ~)i!tlo,,,I
17'Jf,ot 'l),(fj '1~r~,m~rlll,(.i,flt0....I ) ~f '[rf t:J'lf{)lJol '''' ''\0 ..81 }
;.,J'
QO hJJ'll~adoee«
2AG O~.n'Oto.ilJ.r'l (,dlJ;Jb!.1!)~11(ol)(}(I.~, lIT
w,
b:.J''',!~;'fj(Jm«
t'A<lOc JGTio •.grriqmtlb 1JJ~:1J~cr.~m~
Okl!.:t Iffgi".lrf ,gnilb· ...~., k~n~llr ~rlJ ....Jjrfllb~""i-.ilirb'ro 'J'I,bj{IRd~ r.t1W(}1~:tO~I?.t)~Hi '0m rf;":1)11.(y ta.!, ,trt$!f:.,h fondl d~"1"it ,(m~' tr,t)) t'i1~tJ~il JOOl«(tTfQ \f.~f t,dJ&n~!loone
~~p'l}(Iid bm~ (t~ (Jrij.i HI~i:.H" ICHf! Qb .(g ; rH.O) lrti\r~/I J!)()ri? '!1!)
.(,g .,es:)
J'(fgr,w,:1 rI\I b·; "..,...t'j(,I "11·..)"H ;;1:>j;.)ti'7'(lfb f!J\J/{fl.l! 1>',rNui ~ff
r '.
T no b~<{'T~~d'J,;)"!'f;'1lt:l,'!:
L ()'L/1V~I.·Jl ~!HOI·.j·J,q b~.n"lqqU~ '.il~I{ !.~JflibIlU ;'H;""~lq "JI1T .n!>l:;Jmcl£q ur.:1N., 1.!nm2.t:
ri(Jitnluq<Jq G~"ilb'J~J~ lc ...rtuif{
,rtt
Ji:,rl1b~juJ~ (~rlr
.<'iOO~) rtuJ.I boa fJl;1f>'{ h()(i~1"r(;f·,"}i)fW lJ~lr~n!J r~JUf (.J\('f a r JU ofUfi,OQ .iU·(I
r (
tb (j'~\().~~'?~G £J ra a'~OO~8\b'rn; ,0:It().f.~,J,or ~.0· L~?6~1,:mi~IJ.,'N norJI.iHml't·J'~ b~~ ~ ..It1.'.11
~~tit~,
'!"ttfuoq l(r!>{rrJ'.fi01t:,.i:)tt-:lb'bni ltll·'~niQln&b ~rljb'JJab~l ~...ub·1 '01itJo<"f ~b "tr:rJq~.,I1!O'Ull():,)·l~.h'O~l'?~R.t-,e
"'~OIJb~j~ J',1lJ'1f)) l:'.au ? fi.UO[ 1i~,~\U'}f...(!i{ I.AU r;~ It} (f~tI .J:.(J .lAOm.: 'Ii: ".),o()_() { {d'
,
.
Jrl.~i~/il KKJ1 ri('~t tr'J~b,Ir t{j()([~ d?~l _rU·~o;;1:OU1
..,s'fBn~'
lC":oopl... ':);[;J ""'~1~';'b1brb rll'N01~.·.;~.lft"lfHhsoq (d h:J~lfUirln~
ilHrI~
'to bon ,e.t:~libnli)' 8ltiqmub ,noithfJinn~~ b!J~)2no dlf?lfltft:J,l tn~1~llib10
h:.>llll~rf1ifh"J~~ulcmoflo l'J~1~it1~"b dh(I'01g
. ~ni:l:f(1t[Jh:.uh';:~~i.:t»i~1lJ "'/,1%"!:lI!,(t~~ljrU t~llurl, dtl:JHllr! ..dtn~~1l1h'to b~H~ ~
10 ~1~d.IQ1~rbrtJi,n,'"l~1~rll J:JJf ,11iJni f,".I.> r. ")ttlHlUl.h"-'~} b~!tltl{l1 h~~~~./t:Jrti #ff~gotUq'1fit]
~P.('If ( tn nOiJI;i;~iirrJ'l!.>;'l,-- bJrJd l~~ri ·id !trHj .W~;Jh!1tml"1U-., b'J~"_'to !;"'!lir-J nl ~nfrilbiJ~e oJmftQ)'~.
ft,,r)OO,i;S~ tli bns (o:,I\(UJ~1 :"1 '(d b~I/(/II(a (_l'UJ}~Q) Ill' no b!)b1.o!)~~f'..J;'!f
respectively, where the lowest seed germination at l3DAS was recorded on T20
(61.00%).
In case of percent damping-off of tomato seedlings, the highest percent damping-off at 2SDAS was observed on T20 (24.33%) followed by TIO(19.67%). whenever the lowest percent damping-off at 2SDAS was observed on Til (2.67%) preceded by TJ(767%).
In case of growth characters of tomato seedlings, the highest seedling height (34.00 em), shoot length (27.94 em), root length (6.06 em), fresh shoot weight (4.39 g), fresh root weight (0.320 g), dry shoot weight (0.280 g), dry root weight (0.036 g) and biomass (4.72 g) were observed on Ttl. The lowest growth characters were observed on T20 against these parameters. The present findings were supported previous research report Jayaraj et al. (2006). They reported that the Seed treatment with T.
harzianum formulations reduced the incidence of damping-off disease of tomato by up to 74% and enhanced plant biomass under greenhouse and field (Tamil Nadu, India) conditions.
Effect of different treatments on seed germination, damping-off and
growth characters of egg-plant seedlings .
From the results, different treatments showed the remarkable effect against the damping-off pathogen, increased the seed germination and influence the growth characters egg-plant seedlings. In case of seed germination, the highest seed germination at I3DAS was recorded on Til (94.33%) followed by Tt2 (86.00%) and
T14 (85.00%) respectively, where the lowest seed germination at 13 DAS was recorded on T20(62.33%).
In case of percent damping-off of egg-plant seedlings, the highest percent damping- off at 30 DAS was observed on
T
zo (21.00%) followed by TIO(18.33%). whenever the lowest percent damping-off at 30DAS was observed on Tn (1.67%) preceded by Tt(4.33%).In case of growth characters of egg-plant seedlings, the highest seedling height (16.87 em), shoot length (11.07 em), root length (5.8 em), fresh shoot weight (1.08 g), fresh
root weight (0.076 g), dry shoot weight (0.92 g), dry root weight (.009 g) and biomass (1.16 g) were observed on TII.The lowest growth characters were observed on T20 against these parameters. The present findings were supported previous research report Faruq and Islam (2007). They reported that poultry refuse reduced damping-off incidence by 90.56% (30 DAS) in eggplant and 84.81 % (25 DAS) in tomato seedlings over control and increased seedlings growth characters like shoot length, root length, seedling height, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight and fresh seedling weight of egg-plant and tomato. They also reported that application of neem compost and vennicompost also showed promising effect against damping-off disease and also enhanced seed germination and growth characters of eggplant and tomato seedlings.
Effect of different treatments on
seedgermination, damping-off and growth characters of cabbage seedlings
From the experimental findings different treatments showed the remarkable effect against the damping-off pathogen, increased the seed germination and influence the growth characters of cabbage seedlings. In case of seed germination, the highest seed germination at l3DAS was recorded on Tn (88.00%) followed by T, (81.67%) and
TI2 (80.00%) respectively, where the lowest seed germination at 13DAS was recorded on T20(54.00%).
In case of percent damping-off of cabbage seedlings, the highest percent damping-off at 25DAS was observed on T20 (28.67%) followed by TlO (17.33%). whenever the lowest percent damping-off at 2SDAS was observed on T11 (2.33%) preceded by Tl(S.67%).
In case of growth characters of potato seedlings, the highest seedling height (18.63 em), shoot length (15.52 em), root length (3.12 em), fresh shoot weight (3.63 g), fresh root weight (0.152 g), dry shoot weight (0.028 g), dry root weight (0.06 g) and biomass (3.78 g) were observed on T12. The lowest growth characters were observed on T20against these parameters. The present finding was supported previous research Roy, et al. (1998). They found that Seed treatments of Trichoderma viride, T.
harzianum and T. koningii reduced damping off of cabbage
caused
by Rhizoctonia63
j
;>d!moid bnr,
f"f eoo.)
Jd~i:J'N toot {'fbJ!~
~v0) trf~b'flJOvd<.·(tb· t.(1jd'O.O) tcrgbN tOO1Q!:1 (to b~,{,l:J{:do4,J1!:!/I 21~JJa1.Blb rl1W(ftn l£.~.,c1ol ~Jfl.11
r
no b<J~n~..:(k)tJl<.J.Vl f,g·'<}l.0-
rl:nf.i,!iG51 ?'UlJl~J1Q ~noqqu~ 'Jl~},/I ?~rribni) rn~":;.1q
,rrr
.~l~rtmlnq eeerir 1~ni.Ggtl.nO-%fttqrrmL b?~)lJb'l )?Ubl !ulufJq w,b h~J1lJq'J'{~riT
.t
\OO~}(fwh-J bns pil1c'ltrficpl
Olllmo~ ni (GAG c!) o\${ HLJ;.8 ·bUB lnBlo~g~ Of (I.An Of) v{lOC.OQ
(d ~~n~,bboi
,chan')! luodl ~lif n~t!')fnr.rb(b,«(U18(!gnHb~~C!h~ili::'1::m! brts 1011no:) 1::110 ~g('c1tb~3e~fUfb~:>(:cle:.nl
pew
Irlgb 1/rooi rfa~ril
.J~i~..If! !o()[i~n4il ,.rl~i~rl'gnHb~~e~dtgI11'roottP.o<tCIlO:')rn~~r(Lf.i noif~:Ji1q{1f:)1J3rtfb~n()(}~tl071s (~d
r
.oll1IT1fJf P06 1n£lIq-g~·1o 1r!gbVloaln ban ~Gc~ei~ l104,gniqnu;b J?r:i!}~6 h'jn!) ,gfltG'itllOlq b~1l0ffi:m::{nIwqm():JiiTrr~'f boi,) .l~oHb~:J~ot~mr.dbnu tnJllqg~")10~1:>f~J:ntrl~dt'lfm'! on,; no.hlmiqfl~.!j.bsez b::Jormt:iIN
bu.;
Do-gni(Jfllcb ,tnoitllnim"t~~ b9?~no
~·ln~m'c9"111a,..,nib
10h6n3
~~"ilb!)~l
·):.If:;dd(l~10 l1')t~w'nd~
d-two'tgI '
lo~ttf) :;lduA"tf;rftn 'Jril b:.ifI{}d~ Gjn~m1J'~irJ:rt'J':J~1ib f$~nibnn IBJrr,)mh~H11~!>ttl mof·.j
~:J.iJ,)!)I1!1uf1nib~m rroirflnirm~.g b~~...:,rlt b':Jl~ ..I1'j(1jIfI:JgonJr.q Tt{)-~ruqr!ft..b !XU t~niEg!i L'j'Ji'" Jl~rI.(4irl
~di
.11(Jjl~uiITn~~ h~f! 'to ~(6:> fl.1 .egflHb~~(\ ~~Lddi;~J10
('l:)J:Je:ru;u'lo1itml1,g
LnL (..fJ\'
o.
I~) I ~ \~d b~wuLJo1((~oQO,8~) "r
#'tu WUlff'):;)1 <-tlN ~J\(JE t 16 rfl)lJJ)niin,5,~b!)blOo:;."l dHI
?A.a~
I llHIOhGmcm:i~ b~'J~lGJllOl !:Ill J,~rl'lI.(b"if~:>q(>!), (1)~?OO.08h,l I'.(().oOO.f.()(}~T00 H()",gfIiqm8btrt.;j),.,;q t~~r~fff :.rtJ .t:·3Jl1rb~~u~gl)ddb:> to ·Ho....gni,Icn ...b rn:l:n~q 10.,?,t".) nl
JIb r.ll5'rt ..Jdll ,(~'..o(l ~r) if,
r
~d b~,m,nf)lt.
O\(). ~:: .. ;'~f [1(1 !:l''fl~G('OeI.W
2AOCS:. ·111<r; bJb:.'.JJIq (u.a:(L~) ..
r
flO b~"l~t.;du ("'If I.A(J?.~ ,n 11u"gni.qmf>h tH?~l~ f?~VloJ, .(o~\f).r~,(l'€.t')}H ) ,.iJ;tj:.....,...,1> fl 9.r1[Jo~~..,t:Jr.rfllir. ~rh ,.t'~fJHh:;o·.... -e i! n.4.Jr."1.Jt iv r.'l~10r.il~tJift ri.trUJ'ffl1o~ eeo:J 01 riG':"'! .(~ (0.f. )ti(ki'_; I) 1{)f)fl~d,.<lit .(ffJ~
r
If.J .lJlfl':Jr ftF,' .(lH!)<:c
CI)rlJ!~n~tl()Or~.\~J
brrn t~ nO
o)
lriqi!lll 10(11 flU .(~ 8~O.OJ td~b# lfJf,(f.1. (1!J .l~ ~cLO) 1rf~j!)W 30(J'fb~l':':i;>d{)'..i1'J11 t"I:Jl:JJ.,'tfb rJJIlOH,~.I';JJ.I()I ~rfl .!.,1 no b~""'>.vd{.}".n'J-q 'lJ. Rt.f.) ~I::'ftmoid
rb1f;it,.-::n -l.oo;I~q b:;,noqqlu u ..It
gnibnn
Jf'~t:~lg ..,rtT CJ:J)')f1.lL1Ut ~e!)rlt J~f)iG!~nGtT
(t()\' .'.i\,\'\\"J lm~''U\~~\''.·"'\\ '~'J dn~;mtn.:nr
~:.J~t.
,usdJ bfld01 (~rlT ,4&QQt)
.\ll \~ .{(l5{uh'\\)\~m;,·"\~(<1 b~llHi:J ~g£ddsJ10
'ho
gUl'lrrn;b la:JuL~l h)!.Ht\\\~~:1 \.)h~~~~t.\\)\~:'lm\solani in both sterilised and unsterilised soil. Treating cabbage seeds with a spore suspension of T. vir ide and T. harzianum separately was more effective than the application of antagonist to the soil at the inoculum rate of 2.0% (w/w). The combination of seed treatment and soil application with Trichoderma spp. further reduced the pre- and post-emergence damping off of cabbage in the nursery.
Effect of different treatments on seed germination, damping-off and
growth characters of cauliflower seedlings
From the results different treatments showed the remarkable effect against the damping-off pathogen, increased the seed germination and influence the growth characters of cabbage seedlings. In case of seed germination, the highest seed germination at l3DAS was recorded on Til (88.00%) followed by Tt (81.67%) and
TI2 (80.00%) respectively, where the lowest seed germination at l3DAS was recorded on T2o(54.00%).
In case of percent damping-off of cabbage seedlings, the highest percent damping-off at 25DAS was observed on T20 (28.67%) followed by Tie (17.33%). whenever the lowest percent damping-off at 25DAS was observed on Tn (2.33%) preceded by Tt(5.67%).
In case of growth characters of potato seedlings, the highest seedling height (19.75 em), shoot length (16.84 em), root length (2.91 em), fresh shoot weight (2.19 g), fresh root weight (0.063 g), dry shoot weight (0.179 g), dry root weight (0.075 g) and biomass (2.26 g) were observed on T12. The lowest growth characters were observed on T20 against these parameters. The present finding was supported previous research Rajappan and Ramaraj (1999). They found that the efficacy of 4 fungal biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum and Gliocladium virens) were evaluated against the cauliflower wilt pathogen, Fusarium moniliforme [Gibberella fojikwol] in vitro. Among the fungal bio-control agents, T. harzianum produced the
maximum inhibition zone.
64
.. .
~10(t~ 13rlHIJ ,:b-:rJ~ 'j!l8do£? ,?OUtf:..iiI .Ho~ L·JdI'"T!il;""OIt bm~ b:)~Hh~I~'dtod n-f\tul\('}?'
~ '"'* ¥
~r(j rrud.1!1liJr~.~n';J ~lorrt 7_f;Jf ·Ci<;.!..·."1(P,; .\Nt;t)\;:·,cd .\. ~-J\\~ 'jt.h·t'-c t 1u ndti;i.t)q~Uil
"JliT .{11\'11) o~()O.!: "ic:.: .. In.1 mU"lTt~~Ill~ 'Jdt It. fiO?- erlr ')J jcd.n.ogt,;!ns 10 flOilc::>ilqq.a
, . .. .
~l',rllflil .'1.'4'/ ~~", ...·~\)utb-\-,\ rhr-ll l'l.II ...Jilri,If! ~.;(u IJ(IUtn:J(ruh;f\J O~t: '10
ooit1!Qidwoo
(1~)!lu(f')ril m~.9srfrlLr:>·1t,iJ·} qnittnmb ~:.Ul'...~l:JfIl~J;;(J.q bns -eiq 'J"[ftb"?fl.b~bnn lln-nni<Jumb ,lIoil'mim.,~~
u~"
PO ein,mtmn1 10")"19nib 10V-l':.tTl3:
to'.~~nilb,!.u1?ffOOUUJ;!) It} ~~t~tntd, rI)'KO'~
~dJ tt!mfl.~, l~~fb .,(rfS.Albffr:J" orb b·",'flot{~ r.f(t:.;mjl:>~,m ln~.n~ftib
,Jhu:tt dttl
mOl'!dJ'/Io~
erlr
~~ll~jlJrtni bna IlOl1uni~l'J;; bf.,,!~r.';ril b~ll;~noni .ft'.i!:!otUaq tjo.gniqlTwbi)-..;:) ~ jt1~rl.gfrl tlriJ .nojJ.i..n~J1J1:;g ~';I~~
'ttl
·}Z~. nl .2~lliJb~~~~*jdr:fn~1n GI~t~()~uid~~n£ ("pt'\'oJH") ~f ·{d b:)'II(lIlfH (1.,)00.88, ,,'I' no u-.1:fnOJ~1 ~;4H lAntl IE nQh'miIUJ~g·
b~trIO:)·.Jf<$N t:!AUt! }or;oi1fmirtl'r.J8 b!l;'c, J?~J'''lO(:;IOJtI,~rltr ~'(J:"'lit:;!X{~~l(~(\OO.08
J
~lT, ,(.. QOU.fJ()(J~Jno
Ti~·!'ln{(.lwtb ln~~.n:.q te:ld~'id:.J(iJ .l~I,;fb~J~ "'M:6drJb~)'10'fto-gniqffrr.b tJl.J:n:;q 10 ~~ rtl
.. ..
~~1'1't·.J/5J'.I0N J(o,o':L\'f) ,/f
<tj
b·...HC,Hot (!:'~""~";.t~.')wJ
no b~I'1:..·-:d(JU!"lI lAOc.s: lf~(d (J~b~!I'tq (_~~IU.:) fiT [(0 b';/T ..wd'J ?JUI ~P.(1(£' h~·fto·.3{tiqmr.;b ln~~f:Jq. '~'liQI .{!l.·<I\'d.c)rT
~,. Q,
i. lIigj·)rl gnjfb~J2' t~:.,(lgI(1~rfJ
.}'~()-i.lL"'~tt!{)'eji1f~·~(I n51:Jl:i16Ib dl1(o~ ro ~Je~:)ntI .
.dr"..i:t .(~Q
r .~ ;.:~·I:,""
luod? dG~11.(mJ 1"\1 ,:. rf'~n!:it ioor ,(rno ~8cri
1(JJ:sn~Lt()OIf~.(11l~bUG (~.i ~\O.(})
trt.l~ieH'
10m ''(lb ,(g Q\r
0) rrt.llbfl J()")li~ '{'Ib ~(g(ol}.OJ·td8i~YI 100; . 1.,~'I'I:J..;rjo .n~II jn~J'J!"lmlb f{j"llOlg l~~/;.'(A ';)rlr
,f J 1 no b':.lVl~~d() :J1'J.-11 l!.jot.~')
.2Wi'TIOid .•bitJ";Ii'!!)1 ~uoi·,:;,'qb:.r.lJ1'qql.k t".!jII ~lltbnit }H~~q ~nl .n~J·)j(l<;l!)II ~~dJ Jmisgs- o!T no lo1HTO:lokl IIi~n~.ft ~.10 'fJrnffb :>rUIf,!11 blUH;t '!~dT .(~\l{~f) ltnBtnHJJ bfJe nnqqsLs,H
~10Y"('l.t\'nl\( rol1\~\"~\}(\\\;.) hwu {\~~l\ult\H~;:\ .t'~.nU\.)\~"'\\.)\\:\ ;.l\}bh ll!('{'\()\>Ot\~\'''f}?jfl!1~~
lJ\\':;f\~ot\\v1',)\W~\.i\~~\\\\"m,"h"ll·\\.)t..il'\. .rl;J,g(lf~mq 111.# rs IluHHufl!> ~(H1?nin::gn u!)JJmln'N
~cU b~~JJLOtfJ i...;\\S~'t;!:"\u\\ ~1: •.-tn::",gj" fO"1nV::hJid fJ;~nU'l ~(Ij grromA .v.1Ji·/ (Ii {h;nui'\t~\
,
•".lUOX noi.khcfnf (ruJmj:t.B(1t