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42 't3 1.40 -:] •.,)5 0.74 -0.79 0.00 .0.00

I.40J

43 42 - I .40 C).:);: 0.74 -0.68 0.00 0.00 1.40\

I

44 10 -27.1) 3.7, 1.3(\ 2.35 0.33 '0.98 270351

44 45 13.40 ^-It. 9:~ 1 •. S 3 -6.56 0.18 0.55 19.06i

45 11 8.01 - is .•3^1.0- 2.56 -8.90 0.09 0.26

10.22f

_ "' ;.f

...• ,'.j

A-19

.f,

-<•-- ••• __ ._---- ••• ". _._,-~

ILE: Ti'{;_~SI S

:J

rT 41 '~l.Jr:T crT~?lJT ::;:h.CENT"E. DHAKA VMI SP {4331-L02l

4:; ₄₄ -1';.21

,

_.5.3 _{1. 57} _{?. 9 6} _{O. 18} _0.55 _19.03

46 35 -11:':.76 ^-3'1 ^.f~.S 1 • 6::" -41.09 2.22 6.02 117.58

4b ^(t7 27.f.Z [3.,5 (J.3e 12.47 0.32 0.97 30.68

46 48 76.64 2.~.r57 3.10 25.47 1.89 5.51 81.79

47 46 -27.30 -12.38 ^f).84 -13.22 0.32 0.97 29.97

4~ 46 -7;.75 ^_~:I.

-

^--

.

^n~^" ^") 2.83 -25.89 1.89 5.51 78.22

48 49 51.85 16.02 2.13 14.80 0.69 2.01 54.54

4'1 48 -51.IS -14.'11 2. J3 -16.94 ,0.69 ' 2.01 53.29

,

49 50 '13.86 1 ~ .4R 2.0R 13.40 0.55 1.60 46.51

50 49 ^'-!j.3.31 -13.33 I.QQ -1".87 0.55 1.60 45.48 i

5U 51 0'.13

,

2!r.01 R.l1 ^1:.;'⁹ 6.52 0.39 25.34

,

I

51 50 -23.87 -7.72 1.56 -').28 0.13 0.39 25.09

I

0.i4

,

51 52 13.87 f.•.•83 0.39 4.,!4 0.07

14.69)

52 51 -13.81 -~.70 0.39 - -5.09 0.07 0.14 14.58 .

52 53 3.51 0.91 O.~l 0.10 0.01 0.02 3.62

53 52 -3.50 -0.99 0.90 ^-1.69 0.01 0.02 "3.61,

SLACK BUS POWER IR'C,<\Ll=14'l."1

SLACI( GUS PlJd"R (RE~Cf!VU= : 10.

a

1 .f.

').

TIJT~L LUAU (11~~)= 90Q.oO

. '~

A-20

'LE: THESIS OPT. 41 RU~T COMPUTE~ CENTRE, DH~K4 VMfSPI tt331- L02

LOSS (~W)= 23.92

~LOSS FRO'j r-JI'JUL~= 23.'17

XLOSS FROM FORM~LA= lOh.OO

RE~L LOSS(~)= 2.58

A-21

APPENDIX - F

Assumption for distributed loads

Consider a feeder with uniformly distributed load as shown in figure below

souRCE.

1-"'-1 ^R:2.

^R3 ^1<4-

^1<.s ^R"

1<:":1 'Rn-I R"

t ^I l---r- ^I. ^--'l ^----fJ- _J

+ ^y ^t

I, 1.:. 1::,

^14- ^1.5

,-

_-'0

_Ii'

In-l

Tn

Fig.Cl Unifonnly distributc.'Cl load

'11", total line loss of the feeder,

11^0"

=

^{In Rn} ⁺ ^(In ⁺ ^{In _}^{I ),}^Rn- ^I ^{+ ---} ⁺ ^(In ⁺

In- ^I + --- + h)' R7 + --- + (In + In- ^I + -'--

For simplieity of calculation,

Let,

I, = I, =

1³

= --- = In =

1 amp

and R,

= fu =

= --- =

=

1 ohm

Therefore,

A-22.

n(n+l)(2n+l)

= ---

2n³(1 + 3/2n +l/2n')

= ---

--- (C1)

If n increses, the second and third terms in the braket decreases.

'!herefore,for large values. of n,the secondand third teno can be neglected resulting small error.

For n

=

30, For n

=

40,

error

=

5.05%

error

=

^3.78%

For n

=

50, error

=

3.02%

For n

=

100, error

=

1.50%

'!hus neglecting the secondand third terms,

PI088

=

--- (C2)

Now,if it is (xmsideredthat the total load is concentrated at a point 1/3 of the wayout on the feeder, then line loss

PI.88

=

(1, + I, + --- + I.)' X 1/3(R, + Hz + --- +R,,)

=

(1 + 1 + --- + 1)' x 1/3(1 + 1 + --- + 1)

= ---

--- (C3)

A-23 (

From equation (C2) and equation (C3),it is clear that the two cases gives the sameresult. Therefore,if the load can be considered as being unifonnly distributed along the feeder, the losses are the same as if the total load were concentrated at a point one third of the way out on the feeder. However, it should be remembered that for a BIIIll1lonumberof distributed loads,the error maybe large and the loss in each section between loads should be calculated seperately.

A-24

\.

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"Calculation of Energy Losses in a Distribution System" , IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Apparatus and System, Vol.PAS-99, No.4 July/Aug 1980.

[3]. R.D.Schultz, G.L.Hickey and A.D.Brunhart, "Detennination of Subsystem Loss Factors for Loss Allocation with Limited Data",IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS-10l,No.5,May, 1982.

[4]. S.Rama Lyer,K.Ramachandran and S.Hariharan , "IEEE Proceedings", Vol. 130, pt.C,No.4,July 1983.

[5]. S.Elangovan ,"New approach for real power loss minimisation",IEEE Proceedings,Vol.130,pt.C,No.6,November,1983.

[6]. M.W.Gustafson, "Demand,Energy, and ~inal Electric System

Losses" , IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS- 102,No.9,September,1983.

[7]. R.Cespedes ,H.Duran ,H.Hernandez and A.Rodriguez, "Assesment of

Electrical Energy Losses in the Colombian Power System" , IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Apparatus and Systems,Vol.PAS-102,No.ll, November,1983.

[8]. A report on "Loss Analysis of Existing System" ,Power System Loss Reduction Programme, Bangladesh Power Developnent Board, Consultant Korea Power Engineering Co.,Inc,Korea, January, 1988.

[9]. Statistics on Connne=ial Operation,"Executive Sunnnray",August,1988.

[10] . "Tari ff Study" C.,oopers& Lybr'dIldAssociates, 1986. ""","

. -z ..••

[11]. "The Third Five Year Plan 1985-90", Planning Conuuission",'Ministry of Planning,GovernmenL of the People's Republic of Bangladesh,Dhaka, November,1985.

[12).A repor't on "System Loss Reduction", Energy Division, Ministry of Energy and M:i.rlcraJ. RCSOUI"CCS,Governmcnt~ of the People's Iu..::public of 13an.g:_}.adesh~

1986.

It:l]. "Asian EIL~;tric 1'01,(-,,- Utilities Dal;, 13001" 1985".

[l4] .S.T.S.Mahmo<xi,C•.T.Kabir and A.I3.L Rahman, :Modifi<.u form of Ule paper

"Non-Lechnif'..al Loss Reduction in Bangladesh Power System", presenL<.'t1"t the regional seminar on Power System Efficiency through Loss Reduction and Load Managementheld at Bangkok sponsored by Asian Developncnt Bank.

[15] .C.L.Wadhwa , "Electrical Power Systems", Wiley Eastern Limited, printed J.n India, 1983.

Dalam dokumen Full Thesis .pdf - BUET (Halaman 143-169)